sepharose and Insulin-Resistance

Porphyran (POR) from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis is a water soluble dietary fiber. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary POR on glucose metabolism in KK-Ay mice (a model for type 2 diabetes). Mice were divided into 4 groups and fed a diet containing 5% cellulose (control), POR, POR Arg or POR K. After 3 wk of feeding, plasma insulin levels and the calculated homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were significantly lower in the POR group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, plasma adiponectin levels were significantly increased in the POR, POR Arg and POR K groups. These results suggest that dietary POR should improve glucose metabolism in diabetes via up-regulation of adiponectin levels. In addition, the amount of propionic acid in the cecum of the POR group was significantly higher than in the control group and the profile of bacterial flora was changed by dietary POR. In the cecum of the POR, POR Arg and POR K groups, Bacteroides was significantly increased and Clostridium coccoides was significantly decreased compared with in the control group. The effects of dietary POR on the hindgut environment might contribute to the improvement of glucose metabolism.

Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Cecum; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Mice; Porphyra; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial; Sepharose; Triglycerides

Hepatic insulin receptor levels in 6-week-old obese (fa/fa) rats were about 2-fold lower than those from lean (Fa/-) rats, which agrees with their insulin-resistant state. Nuclear protein kinase CK2 activity and protein content in livers from obese (fa/fa) rats were similar to those of lean (Fa/-) animals but the cytosolic levels were reduced to half, due to a decrease in the 39-kD)a catalytic subunit. Marked increases in activity, due to rises in the 44-kDa and 39-kDa catalytic subunits, were seen in the 16000 x g sediments (M1) from insulin-resistant rats, with moderate changes in the 100000xg sediments (M2). The increase in CK2 binding to M1 did not require increases in the molecular chaperone grp94, which was unaltered in insulin-resistant rats.

Topics: Animals; Casein Kinase II; Chromatography, Affinity; Female; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Insulin Resistance; Lectins; Liver; Membrane Proteins; Obesity; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Rats; Rats, Zucker; Receptor, Insulin; Sepharose; Subcellular Fractions