sb-204990 and Neoplasms

ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic homotetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, with the simultaneous hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate. Interestingly, ACLY is a strategic enzyme linking both the glycolytic and lipidic metabolism. In tumour cells characterized by an altered energetic metabolism, an increased glucose uptake and an accelerated glycolytic flux lead to an intensified production of mitochondrial citrate. Once transported to the cytosol, citrate is here converted by ACLY to acetyl-CoA, an essential biosynthetic precursor for fatty acid synthesis and mevalonate pathway. ACLY expression and activity proved to be aberrantly expressed in many types of tumours, and its pharmacological or genetic inhibition significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Increasing evidences highlight the central role of ACLY, conferring a great therapeutic potential to this enzyme as a key target for the treatment of cancer. ACLY inhibitors, previously developed for metabolic disorders, have recently attracted interest as promising anti-cancer agents. After a brief introduction to the structure and the pathophysiological role of ACLY, this review article provides an overview of the main ACLY inhibitors reported in the literature.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glucose; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship

Equations for the creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were recently established for Japanese adults (>18 years old) and children (2-11 years old), respectively, but it is unclear whether eGFR can be as useful as 24-h creatinine clearance (CCr) for assessing renal function in patients receiving chemotherapy. This study examined the degree of concordance between eGFR and CCr and the risk factors leading to the overestimation of renal function by eGFR.. A total of 53 data points of 19 children and 56 data points of 16 adults who received chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Body mass index, serum creatinine concentration, 24-h urinary creatinine excretion (UCr), and nephrectomy were considered as risk factors for overestimation by eGFR.. In the pediatric part of the study, 7 data points from 3 patients who underwent nephrectomy were included. The eGFR in patients with bilateral kidneys overestimated renal function to a greater degree than in patients with a unilateral kidney. In 45.7 % of pediatric patients with bilateral kidneys and in 19.6 % of adult patients, eGFR overestimated renal function. The risk factor for overestimation was lower UCr in pediatric patients with bilateral kidneys and adult patients.. Concordance between eGFR and CCr in pediatric patients with a unilateral kidney should be assessed separately from that in patients with bilateral kidneys. In restricting calculation of eGFR to pediatric patients with bilateral kidneys and adult patients without little muscle mass, eGFR may be useful regardless of whether patients are receiving chemotherapy.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Area Under Curve; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Creatinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Japan; Lactones; Male; Mathematical Concepts; Neoplasms; Nephrectomy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Young Adult

Many tumors display a high rate of glucose utilization, as evidenced by 18-F-2-deoxyglucose PET imaging. One potential advantage of catabolizing glucose through glycolysis at a rate that exceeds bioenergetic need is that the growing cell can redirect the excess glycolytic end product pyruvate toward lipid synthesis. Such de novo lipid synthesis is necessary for membrane production and lipid-based posttranslational modification of proteins. A key enzyme linking glucose metabolism to lipid synthesis is ATP citrate lyase (ACL), which catalyzes the conversion of citrate to cytosolic acetyl-CoA. ACL inhibition by RNAi or the chemical inhibitor SB-204990 limits in vitro proliferation and survival of tumor cells displaying aerobic glycolysis. The same treatments also reduce in vivo tumor growth and induce differentiation.

Topics: ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase; Base Sequence; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Primers; Enzyme Inhibitors; Homeostasis; Humans; Lactones; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; RNA, Small Interfering