saquinavir and Precursor-Cell-Lymphoblastic-Leukemia-Lymphoma

Covalent attachment of NO to the first approved HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir (Saq-NO) expands the therapeutic potential of the original drug. Apart from retained antiviral activity, the modified drug exerts strong antitumor effects and lower toxicity. In the present study, we have evaluated the sensitivity of different hematological malignancies to Saq-NO. Saq-NO efficiently diminished the viability of Jurkat, Raji, HL-60 and K562 cells. While Jurkat and Raji cells (established from pediatric patients) displayed abrogated proliferative potential, HL-60 and K652 cells (originated from adults) exposed to Saq-NO treatment underwent caspase dependent apoptosis. In addition, similar sensitivity to Saq-NO was observed in mononuclear blood cells obtained from pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Western blot analysis indicated p70S6 kinase as a possible intracellular target of Saq-NO action. Moreover, the addition of a NO moiety to Lopinavir resulted in improved antitumor potential as compared to the parental compound, suggesting that NO-derived HIV protease inhibitors are a potential new source of anticancer drugs with unique mode of action.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Enzyme Activation; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Nitric Oxide; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; Saquinavir