salinomycin and Pneumonia--Viral

Drug repositioning is the only feasible option to immediately address the COVID-19 global challenge. We screened a panel of 48 FDA-approved drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which were preselected by an assay of SARS-CoV. We identified 24 potential antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some drug candidates showed very low 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Niclosamide; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Pregnenediones; SARS-CoV-2; Vero Cells

Coronavirus disease outbreak caused a severe public health burden all over the world. Salinomycin (SAL) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that had drawn attention in selective targeting of cancer and viral infections. Recent drug screen identified SAL as a potent antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. In this hypothesis, we discuss the potential of pulmonary delivery of SAL using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) against SARS-CoV-2.

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Drug Carriers; Drug Repositioning; Endocytosis; Humans; Lipids; Lung; Nanostructures; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Pyrans; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2

As of June 2020, the number of people infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to skyrocket, with more than 6.7 million cases worldwide. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) has highlighted the need for better control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, developing novel virus-specific vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 can be time-consuming and costly. Convalescent sera and safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAAs) are readily available treatment options. Here, we developed a neutralization assay using SARS-CoV-2 strain and Vero-E6 cells. We identified the most potent sera from recovered patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We also screened 136 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells and identified nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine. We found that a combination of orally available virus-directed nelfinavir and host-directed amodiaquine exhibited the highest synergy. Finally, we developed a website to disseminate the knowledge on available and emerging treatments of COVID-19.

Topics: Amodiaquine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorocebus aethiops; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Serotherapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emetine; HEK293 Cells; Homoharringtonine; HT29 Cells; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunization, Passive; Indoles; Nelfinavir; Neutralization Tests; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Pyrans; Pyrroles; SARS-CoV-2; Vero Cells