salinomycin and Diarrhea

This field trial was designed to investigate whether the incorporation of zinc bacitracin into pig feed would prevent porcine intestinal adenomatosis. Two hundred-and-eighty-eight weaned pigs on a farm with a previous history of the disease were divided into 16 pens of 18 pigs. Two dietary regimens of zinc bacitracin were tested: from weaning up to 100 days of age, either 300 or 200 ppm zinc bacitracin were incorporated; from 100 to 125 days of age, either 200 or 100 ppm zinc bacitracin were added; and from 125 to 156 days of age (slaughter), either 100 or 50 ppm zinc bacitracin were added. The results were compared with a positive control group which received 60, 60 and 30 ppm salinomycin during the same periods, and with a negative control group which received no antibacterial and/or performance enhancer. The mortality, diarrhoea scores, average daily weight gains, average daily feed intakes and feed conversion ratios of the pigs were assessed. At slaughter, samples of ileum were taken from eight randomly selected pigs per group for bacteriological and histopathological examinations. The three treated groups all performed better than the control group, and the group receiving the high dose regimen of zinc bacitracin performed significantly better than the groups receiving the low dose of zinc bacitracin or salinomycin.

Topics: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Diarrhea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Ileal Neoplasms; Ileum; Male; Pyrans; Swine; Swine Diseases

Salinomycin (SAL), an ionophorous polyether antibiotic with growth promoter properties in pigs, has proved to be effective in controlling swine dysentery, porcine intestinal adenomatosis, and porcine haemorrhagic enteropathy. This study examines the ability of SAL to control C. perfringens type-A infection in growing pigs under field conditions. For 2 months, two groups of weaned pigs were offered feed either free of antibiotics, or medicated with 60 ppm and 30 ppm SAL for the first and second month respectively, and were compared with regard to their performance. The results showed that, whilst treatment did not have an effect on the mortality of pigs, the duration of pig diarrhoea during the trial period has been markedly reduced in the SAL group. Laboratory examinations have additionally shown that the number of carrier piglets has been reduced by SAL medication. Finally, treated pigs gained more weight and had a better feed-conversion ratio than untreated pigs during the 2-month trial period. It was concluded that SAL at the registered dose range, used as performance enhancer, can be helpful in controlling C. perfringens type-A infection in growing pigs.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Diarrhea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Pyrans; Swine; Swine Diseases

Avian coccidiosis is an intestinal protozoan parasitic disease of genus Eimeria. Wide use of anticoccidial drugs has resulted in development of drug resistant strains. Current study is based upon the development of egg adapted vaccines; gametocytes, formalin inactivated and formalin inactivated sonicated gametocytes against coccidiosis. Day old chicks (n = 90) were divided into six groups (A-F) with triplicate. On 5th day of age, three groups were orally given developed vaccines (0.2 ml) while on 21st day groups (A-E) were challenged orally with mixed Eimeria spp (60-70,000 oocysts/chick). The comparative effect of vaccines and drug salinomycin was evaluated on basis of different parameters. Blood, liver and caecal tissues were collected on 5th, 7th and 15th day post infection for indirect hemagglutination test, biochemical analysis and histopathology. Significantly higher body weight gain, feed consumption, mild bloody diarrhea with lowest oocyst count and survival rate of 100% was recorded for gametocytes vaccinated group (P < 0.05). Indirect hemagglutination test showed maximum antibodies titer (IgG) in gametocytes vaccinated group. Present investigation revealed that gametocyte vaccines was significantly effective in control of coccidiosis by inducing strong protection in immune chicks contained high level of antibodies that resisted heavy dose of challenge as compared to anticoccidial drug salinomycin.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Antibodies; Cecum; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Eimeria; Hemagglutination Tests; Immunity, Humoral; Liver; Oocysts; Poultry Diseases; Protozoan Vaccines; Pyrans; Survival Rate; Vaccination; Weight Gain

The anticoccidial effects of Galla Rhois (GR) powder, which contains a major tannin-derived component of 52.7%, were evaluated in chickens following oral infection with Eimeria tenella. One-day-old chickens were assigned to five groups (control, unsupplemented, GR 0.5% supplemented [GRS 0.5%], GRS 1.0% [GRS 1.0%] and salinomycin supplemented [SS]). The chickens were fed a standard diet supplemented or not supplemented with GR or salinomycin for 10 days prior to infection. The birds received the supplemented diets continuously until 10 days post infection. The effects of GR on a E. tenella infection were evaluated by several parameters, including body weight gain, feed intake, oocyst excretion, bloody diarrhoea, and lesion scores. Infected chickens on the GRS and SS diets had a relatively moderate body weight loss (reduction ratio < 15%) and improved feed conversion. GRS and SS chickens produced significantly fewer faecal oocysts (P<0.05) and showed milder bloody diarrhoea compared with the E. tenella-infected control group. Furthermore, the lesion scores of both the GRS 0.5% and GRS 1.0% groups were significantly lower than the scores of the unsupplemented group on day 5 post infection. The lesion scores for the GR groups were similar to the scores for the SS group. In conclusion, this study suggests that GR appears to be as efficacious as salinomycin against E. tenella infection. GR supplementation leads to a reduction in infected chickens, although infected chickens are still affected compared with the uninfected control group. GR-based diets may be beneficial in preventing or treating coccidial infections in poultry.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Eimeria tenella; Feces; Female; Male; Oocysts; Plant Extracts; Poultry Diseases; Pyrans; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Weight Gain; Weight Loss

This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary use of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff (Cp) on health status and performance of weaned, growing and finishing pigs and its compatibility during simultaneous oral administration of antimicrobials (AM) such as enrofloxacin (E) or salinomycin (S). Weaners (720) were assigned in 2 experimental groups and 4 subgroups based on the inclusion or not of Cp and AM in their feed (subgroups: NC, ES, Cp, Cp+ES) in order to evaluate their health status, under PWDS prevailing herd conditions. A second part of the trial aimed to the evaluation of piglet performance under conditions with minimized PWDS herd risks. For this purpose, a second set of 264 weaners were assigned in 2 groups and 4 subgroups, in a respective manner. All piglets remained on-trial until slaughtering age; Cp was incorporated in their feed at a rate of 2% from the day of weaning until slaughtering. The health status evaluation consisted in monitoring piglets for adverse effects related to Cp consumption, average daily diarrhoea scoring during weaning and mortality rate calculations throughout. Performance evaluation included individual weighing at the end of weaning, growing and fattening periods and feed consumption assessments. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ration (FCR) on a pen basis were further calculated. Cp ingestion was well tolerated by the piglets. Simultaneous administration of Cp and AM in feed, resulted in less severe forms of PWDS, which had a shorter clinical course (P<0.05). Mortality decreased (P<0.05) during the weaning period due to AM administration. Concerning mean pig body weight at the end of each production phase, both Cp and AM had favorable effects (P<0.05). ADG estimated for the whole observation period was improved (P<0.05) by Cp-use along with AM. FCR improvements (P<0.05) were noticed during the different stages of growth due to AM or Cp administration, while Cp/AM interaction was noticed only at weaning (P<0.05).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Diarrhea; Diet; Energy Intake; Enrofloxacin; Fluoroquinolones; Pyrans; Quinolones; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weaning; Weight Gain; Zeolites