salicylates and Streptococcal-Infections

Arthritis, following infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, is classically attributed to acute rheumatic fever. However, a new clinical syndrome, called poststreptococcal reactive arthritis, as a distinct entity from acute rheumatic fever, was described recently. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of published information on poststreptococcal reactive arthritis. The paper outlines its clinical description and proposed diagnostic criteria. Similarities and differences between poststreptococcal reactive arthritis and acute rheumatic fever are discussed. Information regarding long-term risk of carditis following poststreptococcal reactive arthritis is provided, and therapeutic recommendations are outlined.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Reactive; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Rheumatic Fever; Risk Factors; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Time Factors

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Reactive; Child; Humans; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Child; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Male; Salicylates; Sarcoidosis; Streptococcal Infections; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Child; Cortisone; Digitalis Glycosides; Electrocardiography; Heart Failure; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Penicillin G Benzathine; Physical Exertion; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Virulence

Topics: Child; Electrocardiography; Ethylenediamines; Humans; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Benzathine; Prognosis; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfadiazine; Toxicology

The purpose of these experiments was to (1) assess differences in mastitis pathogen strain sensitivities to teat disinfectants (teat dips), and (2) determine the optimum time for premilking teat dips to remain in contact with teat skin to reduce pathogen loads on teat skin. Two experiments were conducted using the excised teat model. In experiment 1, the differences in mastitis pathogen strain sensitivities to 4 commercially available dips (dip A: 1% H2O2; dip B: 1% chlorine dioxide; dip C: 1% iodophor; and dip D: 0.5% iodophor) were evaluated. Four strains of 11 common mastitis pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma bovis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus) were tested. In experiment 2, the percentage log reduction of mastitis pathogens (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) on teat skin with 3 commercially available teat dips: dip A; dip D; and dip E: 0.25% iodophor, using dip contact times of 15, 30, and 45 s, was evaluated. Experiment 1 results indicated significant differences in strain sensitivities to dips within pathogen species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Streptococcus uberis. Species differences were also found where Mycoplasma bovis (97.9% log reduction) was the most sensitive to tested teat dips and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (71.4% log reduction) the most resistant. Experiment 2 results indicated that contact times of 30 and 45 s were equally effective in reducing recovered bacteria for dips D and E and were also significantly more effective than a 15-s contact time. No differences were seen in recovered bacteria between tested contact times after treatment with dip A. It can be concluded that different mastitis pathogen species and strains within species may possess different sensitivities to teat dips, which may have implications in selection of teat dips on dairies. Furthermore, a 30-s premilking dip contact time for iodophors and 15 s for H2O2 dips may be optimal in reducing pathogen load in the shortest amount of time. A reduction in premilking teat dip contact time may improve milking parlor efficiency.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Load; Cattle; Chlorine Compounds; Escherichia coli; Female; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Oxides; Salicylates; Skin; Species Specificity; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus agalactiae; Time Factors

Recent UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines state that there is no longer a need for oral antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing dental procedures who are at risk of infective endocarditis (IE), and advocate the importance of maintaining good oral health. As viridans group streptococci (VGS) are common etiological agents of IE and inhabitants of the mouth, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of common high-street mouthwashes against four classes of VGS organisms (salivarius, mitis, anginosus, and mutans groupings).. The survival of VGS, Streptococcus gordonii (National Collection of Type Cultures [NCTC] 7865), Streptococcus intermedius (NCTC 11324), Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10449), Streptococcus oralis (NCTC 11427), Streptococcus pneumoniae (NCTC 7465, NCTC 7978, & American Type Culture Collection 49619) and Streptococcus salivarius (NCTC 8618) was assessed in vitro following treatment of approximately 10(7) c.f.u. in planktonic state with four mouthwashes.. No organisms were culturable following 1-min exposure, and were not recovered following non-selective enrichment following incubation in Brain Heart Infusion broth supplemented with 0.8% (w/v) yeast extract.. These data indicate that such mouthwashes are able to completely kill VGS organisms tested in planktonic solution, where their use would promote good oral hygiene in patients at risk of IE.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteriological Techniques; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorhexidine; Drug Combinations; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Oral Health; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus gordonii; Streptococcus intermedius; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus oralis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Terpenes; Viridans Streptococci

Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis (PSRA) is an acute, nonsuppurative arthritis following documented streptococcal infections. Although most authors accepted it as a different entity, the differences from acute rheumatic fever (ARF) are not clear. To document and compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of PSRA and ARF, 24 patients with PSRA and 20 with ARF were enrolled in the study. The latency period from upper respiratory tract infection was shorter in patients with PSRA ( P<0.01). However, 25% of the patients with ARF had also short (<10 days) latency periods. Although symmetric and nonmigratory arthritis were more frequent in patients with PSRA, there was no significant difference for the distribution of mono-, oligo-, and polyarticular disease between PSRA and ARF patients. The frequency of small joint and hip involvement was also similar between the patient groups. Unresponsiveness of articular symptoms to salicylate therapy within 72 h was more frequent in patients with PSRA (P<0.001). However, in a substantial part of the patients with ARF (nine patients, 45%), joint symptoms also had no response during the first 72 h. Since there is a considerable overlap of symptoms, signs, and laboratory features of PSRA and ARF, a line between these two entities could not be easily drawn. We conclude that these two conditions are actually different presentations of the same disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Reactive; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes; Time Factors

While rheumatic fever is relatively uncommon except where there are poor and crowded living conditions, sporadic acute attacks continue to occur in a family or pediatric medical practice. The physician's role in management of the sore throat in the diagnosis of suspected cases of rheumatic fever and in follow-up for continued prophylaxis is discussed. The frequency of admissions and presenting features of 159 patients with acute rheumatic fever is reviewed. Continued surveillance is required if we are to achieve a further reduction in attack rate and complications.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Antistreptolysin; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Murmurs; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Manitoba; Penicillins; Prednisone; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Time Factors

Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillins; Pyrazoles; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections

Topics: Child; Erythromycin; Humans; Penicillin G; Recurrence; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Time Factors

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminopyrine; Humans; Penicillins; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfonamides

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminopyrine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Indomethacin; Lymphocyte Activation; Pyrazoles; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptolysins; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillectomy

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis, Juvenile; Child; Cortisone; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Therapy; Humans; Osteomyelitis; Pathology; Purpura; Rest; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillitis

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Fever; Humans; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates; Statistics as Topic; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillectomy

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cortisone; Dexamethasone; Humans; Myocarditis; Penicillins; Phenylbutazone; Prednisone; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Triamcinolone

Topics: Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Myocarditis; Pharmacology; Radiation Effects; Rats; Research; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; X-Rays

Topics: Humans; Penicillins; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus

Topics: Antibody Formation; Humans; Infections; Penicillins; Pharyngitis; Pharynx; Salicylates; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Sulfadiazine