salicylates and Skin-Diseases

Chemical peeling, or chemexfoliation, has been used for centuries to improve signs of ultraviolet light-induced sun damage. Over the last 30 years, the science behind chemical peeling has evolved, increasing our understanding of the role of peeling ingredients and treatment indications. The depth of peels is directly related to improved results and to the number of complications that can occur. Key principles for superficial and medium depth peeling are discussed, as well as appropriate indications for these treatments.

Topics: Caustics; Chemexfoliation; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Glycolates; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Lactic Acid; Phenol; Resorcinols; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin Diseases; Tretinoin; Trichloroacetic Acid

The hydroxy acids are widely used in skin creams because of their exfoliating and rejuvenating effect on photoaged skin. As a member of this family, the salicylic acid derivative known in the literature as 2-hydroxy-5-octanoyl benzoic acid or beta-lipohydroxy acid has also been proposed as an exfoliant and as a treatment of photoaged skin and acne. This article reviews the effects of the hydroxy acids and compares them to those of the salicylic acid derivative. We propose the name C(8)-lipohydroxy acid (C8-LHA) for this derivative to differentiate it from other related compounds. The lipophilic nature of C8-LHA and its relatively slow penetration in the skin afford it an exfoliating effect that is efficient at low concentrations. It appears to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticomedogenic properties, which make it effective against acne. Its antifungal and exfoliating properties are also likely to prove useful in combating dandruff.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxy Acids; Male; Risk Assessment; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin Absorption; Skin Aging; Skin Diseases; Skin Irritancy Tests; Treatment Outcome

Use of cosmetic products to bleach or lighten the skin is common among dark-skinned women in some sub-Saharan African countries. Long-term use of some pharmacologic compounds (e.g. hydroquinone, glucocorticoids and mercury) can cause adverse effects including dermatologic disorders such as dyschromia, exogenous ochronosis, acne and hypertrichosis, prominent striae, tinea corporis, pyoderma, erysipelas, scabies, and contact dermatitis and systemic complications such as hypertension, hypercorticism or surrenal deficiency, and mercurial nephropathy.

Topics: Africa; Black People; Cosmetics; Dermatologic Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydroquinones; Mercury; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Skin Pigmentation

Cutaneous warts are a common presenting complaint in children and adolescents. Common, plantar, or flat warts are cutaneous manifestations of the human papillomavirus. The treatment of warts poses a therapeutic challenge for physicians. No single therapy has been proven effective at achieving complete remission in every patient. As a result, many different approaches to wart therapy exist. These approaches are discussed to demonstrate the evidence supporting common therapies and provide a guideline for physicians. Evidence supports the at-home use of topical salicylic acid and physician-administered cryotherapy. Intralesional immunotherapy for nongenital cutaneous warts may be an option for large or recalcitrant warts.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cryosurgery; Dermatologic Agents; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Warts

To review some of the promising natural remedies within dermatology to explore their potential clinical benefit in supplementing conventional drugs.. MEDLINE searches from January 1966 through October 2000 and Science Citation Index searches from January 1974 through October 2000 were conducted.. Primary importance was given to in vivo and in vitro controlled studies, the results of which encourage further exploration.. The controls used, the statistical approach to analysis, and the validity of the experimental method analyzed were considered particularly important. Data were independently extracted by multiple observers.. Natural remedies seem promising in treating a wide variety of dermatologic disorders, including inflammation, phototoxicity, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and poison oak.. The alternative medications presented seem promising, although their true effects are unknown. Many of the presented studies do not allow deduction of clinical effects. Further experimentation must be performed to assess clinical benefit.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Complementary Therapies; Drugs, Investigational; Fatty Acids, Essential; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Tea; Vitamin E

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anthralin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Fetus; Furocoumarins; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Retinoids; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Tars; Teratogens

Common, plantar and flat warts are the primary classes of nongenital warts. Although spontaneous remission does occur, all warts should be treated to avoid spreading. Common warts often develop in the periungual region of the fingers. This type of wart generally can be removed with cryotherapy, topical application of salicylic acid or occlusive taping. Plantar warts are found over pressure points of the heel or metatarsal heads. They are also treated with cryotherapy or salicylic acid. Flat warts are commonly seen on the dorsum of the hands or on the face. These warts are best treated with topical retinoids. Immunotherapies are being developed.

Topics: Bismuth; Cryosurgery; Humans; Hypnosis; Immunotherapy; Retinoids; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin Diseases; Warts

Cutaneous reactions to medications probably represent the most common manifestation of drug reactions. The diversity of cutaneous eruptions produced by drugs provide a challenge in searching for the mechanisms producing the reaction. Many eruptions are due to a form of allergic hypersensitivity, while others may be idiosyncratic, due to a metabolic abnormality, or represent a cumulative phenomenon. This article discusses the diagnosis of drug-induced cutaneous reactions by reviewing specific drugs commonly used in rheumatologic therapy.

Topics: Acetates; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimalarials; Antimetabolites; Cyclosporins; Gold; Humans; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Penicillamine; Piroxicam; Propionates; Pyrazoles; Retinoids; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of drugs used in medical practice. This review discusses the diverse cutaneous reactions associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Adverse cutaneous reactions occur most frequently with benoxaprofen, piroxicam, sulindac, meclofenamate sodium, zomepirac sodium, and phenylbutazone. The most serious adverse cutaneous reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, appear to be most often associated with sulindac and phenylbutazone. Tolmetin and zomepirac sodium, two structurally similar pyrrole derivatives, have been associated with a disproportionate number of cases of anaphylactoid reactions. Among the currently marketed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, piroxicam appears to have the highest rate of phototoxic reactions. This phototoxic eruption is most often vesiculobullous.

Topics: Acetates; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Ibuprofen; Indomethacin; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Piroxicam; Propionates; Pruritus; Pyrazoles; Pyrazolones; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Thiazines

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Folic Acid Antagonists; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Atrophy; Betamethasone; Drug Interactions; Glucocorticoids; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infections; Injections, Intra-Articular; Joint Diseases; Methylprednisolone; Necrosis; Osteoporosis; Peptic Ulcer; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Synovitis; Triamcinolone; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Aspirin; Erythema; Erythema Multiforme; Humans; Psoriasis; Purpura; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Urticaria

Studies comparing purported antiaging compounds are rare.. To compare in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study 10% glycolic acid (GA), 2% 2-hydroxy-5-octanoyl benzoic acid (beta-lipohydroxy acid, LSA) and 0.05% all-trans-retinoic acid (RA).. Women volunteers treated one forearm twice daily with one of the active products and the other one with the vehicle. Comparative evaluations of efficacy were made using histochemistry and quantitative immunohistochemistry.. Improvement in the various epidermal compartments was the most prominent finding at the RA-treated site. The LSA-treated site also exhibited similar positive changes, although to a lesser degree. GA showed no significant effect.. In the presently tested concentrations and formulations, RA had a beneficial impact upon the aging epidermis. LSA mimicked RA but with somewhat lesser efficacy. By contrast, GA appeared almost inactive.

Topics: Double-Blind Method; Epidermis; Female; Filaggrin Proteins; Glycolates; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Keratolytic Agents; Ki-67 Antigen; Lectins; Middle Aged; Plant Lectins; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Transglutaminases; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin

Topically applied acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), salicylic acid (SA) and indomethacin were tested in an experimental pain model that provides direct nociceptor excitation through cutaneous tissue acidosis. In 30 volunteers, sustained burning pain was produced in the palmar forearm through a continuous intradermal pressure infusion of a phosphate-buffered isotonic solution (pH 5.2). In 5 different, double-blind, randomized cross-over studies with 6 volunteers each, the flow rate of the syringe pump was individually adjusted to result in constant pain ratings of around 20% (50% in study 4) on a visual analog scale (VAS). The painful skin area was then covered with either placebo or the drugs which had been dissolved in diethylether. In the first study on 6 volunteers, ASA (60 mg/ml) or lactose (placebo) in diethylether (10 ml) was applied, using both arms at 3-day intervals. Both treatments resulted in sudden and profound pain relief due to the cooling effect of the evaporating ether. With lactose, however, the mean pain rating was restored close to the baseline within 6-8 min while, with ASA, it remained significantly depressed for the rest of the observation period (another 20 min). This deep analgesia was not accompanied by a loss of tactile sensation. The further studies served to show that indomethacin (4.5 mg/ml) and SA (60 mg/ml) were equally effective as ASA (each 92-96% pain reduction) and that the antinociceptive effects were due to local but not systemic actions, since ASA and SA dis not reach measurable plasma levels up to 3 h after topical applications. With a higher flow rate of acid buffer producing more intense pain (VAS 50%). ASA and SA were still able to significantly reduce the ratings by 90% or 84%, respectively. On the other hand, by increasing the flow rate by a factor of 2 on average, during the period of fully developed drug effect it was possible to overcome the pain suppression, which suggests a competitive mechanism of (acetyl-) salicylic antinociception.

Topics: Acidosis; Administration, Topical; Adult; Aspirin; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Indomethacin; Injections, Intradermal; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Middle Aged; Palliative Care; Pressure; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin Diseases

In order to investigate the efficacy of anthralin ( Anthraderm ) in the treatment of warts a randomized controlled trial was carried out in 72 patients. During a two-month period of treatment 56% were cured in the group treated with anthralin 2% ( Anthraderm ), evaluated at follow-up 2-9 months after finishing treatment, compared with 26% in the group treated with the comparative drug ( Verucid ). Anthralin 2% ( Anthraderm ) was found to have a significantly better effect, especially in the group of patients with warts solely on the hands.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthracenes; Anthralin; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Copper; Drug Combinations; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Plant Extracts; Random Allocation; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Warts

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatitis; Drug Combinations; Eczema; Female; Flumethasone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Betamethasone; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Flumethasone; Humans; Keratosis; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creosote; Female; Humans; Male; Methylene Blue; Middle Aged; Photochemotherapy; Random Allocation; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Warts

In a randomized double-blind study efficacy and tolerance of diflunisal, 375 mg twice daily, and oxyphenbutazone, 200 mg twice daily, were compared in 40 patients (aged 21 to 70 years, average 38 years), with moderate or severe complaints after spraining or dislocating ankle or wrist. The drugs were given for five days. Both proved to be highly efficacious, diflunisal slightly more so. Among the 20 patients in the diflunisal group one developed diarrhoea, another gastritis; in the oxyphenbutazone group one developed gastritis, another herpetiform pustules. There were no clinically significant abnormalities in routine biochemical tests.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ankle Joint; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Drug Tolerance; Female; Gastritis; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Male; Middle Aged; Oxyphenbutazone; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Sprains and Strains; Wrist Injuries

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Ointments; Salicylates; Samarium; Skin Diseases; Triamcinolone Acetonide

The Staphylococcus aureus can switch to a transient genotype-invariant dormancy, known as a persister, to survive treatment with high doses of antibiotics. This transient persister is an important reason underlying its resistance. There is an urgent need to find new antibacterial agents capable of eradicating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) persisters. In this study, 37 new derivatives of cajaninstilbene acid (CSA) were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity against MRSA persisters was evaluated. Most of the newly synthesized derivatives exhibit more potent antimicrobial properties against S. aureus and MRSA than CSA itself, and 23 of the 37 derivatives show a tendency to eradicate MRSA persisters. A representative compound (A6) was demonstrated to target bacterial cell membranes. It eradicated the adherent biofilm of MRSA in a concentration dependent manner, and showed a synergistic antibacterial effect with piperacilin. In a model mouse abscess caused by MRSA persisters, A6 effectively reduced the bacterial load in vivo. These results indicate that A6 is a potential candidate for treatment of MRSA persister infections.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Cell Survival; Cell Wall; Disease Models, Animal; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RAW 264.7 Cells; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stilbenes; Structure-Activity Relationship

A new series of tertiary-butyl ammonium (TBA) salts of various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been synthesized and characterized. Nearly 90 % of the NSAID-derived primary ammonium monocarboxylate (PAM) salts displayed remarkable gelation ability with various solvents including methyl salicylate. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data (SXRD) revealed the existence of 1D PAM synthon in the gelator salts. Structure-property correlation studies based on SXRD and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data established the presence of the 1D PAM synthon in the bulk salts as well as in the corresponding xerogels. A parallel series of salts derived from TRIS (2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol) and the same set of NSAIDs displayed poor gelation ability; only 33 % of the salts in the series displayed gelation ability. A few selected gelator salts of both TBA and TRIS were found to be biocompatible (MTT assay with RAW 264.7 cell line) and two of the selected salts (FLR.TBA and FLR.TRIS) possessed anti-inflammatory properties equal to the parent drug FLR (flurbiprofen). Finally a methyl salicylate topical gel derived from FLR.TRIS was successfully delivered in a self-delivery fashion to treat inflamed skin conditions in the mice model. Histological studies of the dorsal tissues of the untreated and treated mice clearly demonstrated the effect of topical gels in such treatment.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aminoquinolines; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Gels; Imiquimod; Mice; RAW 264.7 Cells; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; X-Ray Diffraction

Following a supramolecular synthon approach, simple salt formation has been employed to gain access to a series of supramolecular gelators derived from the well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen. A well-studied gel-inducing supramolecular synthon, namely primary ammonium monocarboxylate (PAM), has been exploited to generate a series of PAM salts by reacting ibuprofen with various primary amines. Remarkably, all of the salts (S1-S7) thus synthesized proved to be good to moderate gelators of various polar and nonpolar solvents. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies established the existence of the PAM synthons in the gel network, confirming the efficacy of the supramolecular synthon approach employed. Most importantly, the majority of the salts (S2, S3, S6, and S7) were capable of gelling methyl salicylate (MS), an important ingredient found in many commercial topical gels. In vitro experiments (MTT and PGE2 assays) revealed that all of the salts (except S3 and S7) were biocompatible (up to 0.5 mm concentration), and the most suited one, S6, displayed anti-inflammatory ability as good as that of the parent drug ibuprofen. A topical gel of S6 with methyl salicylate and menthol was found to be suitable for delivering the gelator drug in a self-delivery fashion in treating skin inflammation in mice. Histological studies, including immunohistology, were performed to further probe the role of the gelator drug S6 in treating inflammation. Cell imaging studies supported cellular uptake of the gelator drug in such biomedical application.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Survival; Drug Carriers; Gels; Ibuprofen; Male; Menthol; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Molecular Conformation; RAW 264.7 Cells; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Chemexfoliation; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Keratoacanthoma; Keratosis, Actinic; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Resorcinols; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Trichloroacetic Acid

A 70-year-old woman with type 2B diabetes mellitus was referred to the dermatology department because of inflammatory skin changes of unknown origin over the trunk and limbs. On admission follicular and parafollicular livid-red papulae with central crusts and reddened margins were noted over the lower legs and the lumbosacral region.. Further physical examination revealed no additional abnormalities. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 41/79 mm. The day-time blood-glucose profile was raised (10.2, 12.6 and 8.6 mmol/l), as was the glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c (9.0%). Swabs from fresh lesions gave no evidence of fungal or bacterial infection. Biopsies revealed areas of widened epidermis with central ulceration filled with fibrin, granulocytes and collagen fibres.. The clinical and histological findings indicated an acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (dermatosis) which should be judged in relation to the long-standing diabetes mellitus. The cutaneous changes were covered with salicylate- and steroid-containing preparations, while individual lesions were excised or removed by curettage.. The condition of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis is, like Kyrle's disease (perforating follicular and parafollicular hyperkeratotic dermatosis), perforating serpiginous elastosis and perforating folliculitis classified among the perforating dermatoses. In the presence of renal failure and (or) diabetes mellitus these dermatoses must be thought of in the differential diagnosis, in addition to the more frequent pruriginous conditions, if there are corresponding skin changes.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Curettage; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases

Generalized pruritus in the elderly is a common and distressing problem; often there is no evidence of skin disease other than xerosis.. The aim of the study was to determine whether any abnormality could be detected in the structure and function of the skin of patients with generalized pruritus.. The skin of 13 elderly patients with generalized pruritus, without skin disease or any underlying cause, was contrasted with that of age- and sex-matched normal control subjects.. The patients had clinically drier skin (mean visual analogue scale score 2.9 [standard deviation +/- 2.2], controls 0.52 [+/- 0.59], p = 0.002). The severity of the pruritus was related to the degree of xerosis (r = 0.66). The patients had decreased skin surface conductance (10.7 mumho [+/- 3.4], controls 16 mumho [+/- 5.3], p = 0.017), and increased intracorneal cohesion (240.5 g [+/- 88], controls 162.7 g [+/- 39.8], p = 0.001). The patients also had statistically significantly diminished parameters of skin surface contour.. The findings of increased intracorneal cohesion and altered skin surface contour parameters suggest that elderly patients with generalized pruritus may have an acquired abnormality of keratinization.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baths; Benzocaine; Circadian Rhythm; Cornea; Drug Combinations; Electric Conductivity; Epidermis; Erythema; Female; Humans; Ichthyosis; Male; Middle Aged; Niacin; Pruritus; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents

The authors describe two cases of allergic contact dermatitis to colophony included in the formulation of flexible collodion BP, the vehicle of a wart paint. Patch and repeated open application tests confirmed absence of contact allergy to other constituents. The patients were known to be allergic to various adhesive plasters. The use of flexible collodion USP, which does not contain colophony, is highly advisable whenever possible.

Topics: Adult; Collodion; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Patch Tests; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Resins, Plant; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Warts

Topics: Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

WY-47,288 (2-[(1-naphthalenyloxy)methyl]quinoline) demonstrated topical antiinflammatory activity in several animal models of skin inflammation. Application of WY-47,288 to mouse ear surfaces inhibited arachidonic acid (ED50 = 0.3 mg/ear) and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (40% at 1 mg/ear). Administration of WY-47,288 (1 mg/ear) at 30 min and 5 h after TPA reduced ear edema and epidermal proliferation by 50%. WY-47,288 also inhibited oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity in mouse ears (ED50 = 0.4 mg/ear) and UVB-induced guinea pig skin erythema (ED50 approximately 0.25 mg/spot). These antiinflammatory effects may be due to inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase (CO) since the synthesis of 5-LO and CO products by rat neutrophils and mouse macrophages was dose-dependently reduced by WY-47,288. By contrast, WY-47,288 demonstrated no appreciable inhibition of 12-LO (rabbit platelet), 15-LO (soybean) or phospholipase A2 (human platelet). Furthermore, no systemic adverse effects were observed after topical, parenteral or oral administration of WY-47,288, suggesting that WY-47,288 is a safe topical 5-LO/CO inhibitor for treating skin inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Arachidonate Lipoxygenases; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Ear; Erythema; Female; Guinea Pigs; Inflammation; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Mice; Naphthalenes; Quinolines; Radiation Injuries; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Betamethasone; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Recommendations for topical dermatologic therapy of the most common skin diseases in infancy and childhood are given with tabular summaries. They are concerned with diaper dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, scabies and pediculosis. Special attention is given to topical steroid therapy in seborrhoeic and atopic dermatitis and to the possible neurotoxic side-effects of Lindan, the most effective substance against scabies and pediculosis.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Balneology; Child; Child, Preschool; Cortisone; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diaper Rash; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Infant; Ointments; Salicylates; Scabies; Skin Diseases; Zinc Oxide

A typical case of lichen spinulosus in a 15-year-old boy is described. Keratotic papules and plaques occurred on the knees, elbows, and lower legs. A biopsy showed follicular hyperkeratosis consistent with lichen spinulosus. Studies for immunofluorescence demonstrated linear IgM at the basement membrane zone without colloid bodies. The relationship of lichen spinulosus and lichen planus is discussed. The patient responded to treatment with a salicylic acid gel.

Topics: Adolescent; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Male; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases

One hundred and twenty-one children with plantar warts were treated with a topical preparation containing salicylic acid, 30%; podophyllin, 5%; and cantharidin, 1%. One hundred patients or their families were reached 6 months to 1 year later. This treatment was effective in 81 cases.

Topics: Adolescent; Cantharidin; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Drug Therapy, Combination; Foot; Humans; Podophyllin; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin Diseases; Warts

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Benzalkonium Compounds; Bleomycin; Child; Cryotherapy; Formaldehyde; Glutaral; Humans; Nitrogen; Podophyllin; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Warts

A multicentric open study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of betamethasone dipropionate and salicylic acid lotion in 86 patients with psoriasis or other steroid-responsive dermatoses of nonscalp body areas. Medication was applied to affected areas for 14 to 31 days. Patients were evaluated weekly. Within 14 to 21 days of therapy, there were favorable results in 68/86 (79%) patients. A complete clearing or marked improvement of signs and symptoms was achieved in 78/86 (91%) patients; improvement occurred in 7/86 (8%). Treatment failed in one (1%) patient. Three transient adverse reactions were reported.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Betamethasone; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eczema; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin Diseases

Topics: Animals; Black or African American; Disease Models, Animal; Ear; Humans; Male; Rabbits; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin Diseases; Tretinoin

A 60-year-old white woman developed lesions of the conjunctiva and skin consistent with iododerma. Excision and examination of one of the skin lesions and the conjunctival lesion disclosed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The remaining lesions disappeared with cessation of iodide. We review the clinical and histopathologic features of the halodermas and discuss the ocular manifestations of iodide hypersensitivity. Recognition may require exceedingly careful testing, but such care is necessary because fatal cases of iododerma have occurred.

Topics: Conjunctiva; Conjunctival Diseases; Drug Combinations; Ephedrine; Humans; Iodides; Middle Aged; Phenobarbital; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Theophylline

Patterns of regression in common warts were studied. Patients with multiple verrucae vulgaris lesions applied topical agents to the warts and were observed at regular intervals until the lesions disappeared. Regression took place without the warts turning black in all but one instance. All warts did not disappear simultaneously; some lesions persisted weeks after others had disappeared. Microscopic examination in five patients of a wart persisting after most had regressed demonstrated mononuclear cell infiltration, exocytosis, and degenerative epidermal changes. Failure to demonstrate cellular infiltration in regressing common warts in earlier studies was probably due to concentration on studying only warts that had turned black. The regression of some of the warts in patients with multiple common warts may serve as an indicator that involution is in progress. Utilization of this observation to recognize clinically the period of involution may make possible studies during the critical phase of the involutionary process.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Collodion; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Lactates; Male; Propylene Glycols; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Warts

Classical topical therapy has been largely displaced by the development of up-to-date drugs and advances in the galenic field. Serious objections have even been leveled against some older drugs and others are no longer current in spite of their good efficacy (e.g. dyes) because less discriminatory drugs can be substituted for them. The fundamental principles of classical topical therapy are still as valid as ever (inherent action of the base). However, many of the active principles of the prechemotherapeutic era have meanwhile been superseded as for example boric acid, mercury, desquamative pastes, sulfur among others. In contrast to this, topical applications such as dithranol, salicylic acid, coal tar and a few others still belong to the permanent stock of dermatological topical therapy.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anthralin; Balsams; Coal Tar; Humans; Psoriasis; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Propionibacterium; Salicylates; Sebaceous Glands; Skin Diseases

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthalenes; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Ultrasonics

Topical drugs can be absorbed percutaneously in sufficient amounts to cause untoward systemic effects. Generally speaking, infants and young children appears to be more vulnerable than adults. It has been shown that the prolonged and extensive use of topical corticosteroids can induce iatrogenic hypercorticism and that they may also impair the patients ability to cope with stress. Furthermore, the relatively limited use, areawise and timewise, of agents such as phenol, resorcinol, salicylic acid, hexachlorophene, boric acid, mercurials, and podophyllin may suffice to elicit dire systemic reactions.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Boric Acids; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Hexachlorophene; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercury Poisoning; Middle Aged; Podophyllin; Pregnancy; Resorcinols; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Depigmented haloes developed around involuting flat warts in two patients whose warts were treated with a 6% salicylic acid-propylene glycol gel formulation. The clinical picture was indistinguishable from that seen in halo naevus.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Propylene Glycols; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Skin Pigmentation; Warts

Two cases of lichen spinulosus and the response to therapy with Keralyt under occlusion are presented. It is evident that Keralyt under occlusion for two consecutive weeks will clear these lesions. However, twice weekly application of Keralyt must be used in order to keep these areas free of lesions. An undesirable side effect in the two patients presented was a burning, stinging sensation immediately following application of Keralyt.

Topics: Adult; Child; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Elbow; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Knee; Male; Propylene Glycols; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

The penetration of corticosteroids through epidermal membranes in vitro proved to be better when the corticosteroid was dissolved in, or salicylic acid was added to, the vehicle. Hydrocortisone 17 butyrate (HCB) penetration from an ethanolic solution or a vehicle containing propylene glycol (PG) exceeds the penetration from an oil-in-water (O/W) cream or a petrolatum-polyethylene base (Plastibase), both without PG. The addition of PG led to higher penetration from a cream containing 0.2% HCB as compared with that from one containing 0.1% HCB. When the atmosphere on the donor side of the chamber was kept dry with a molecular sieve, the penetration from an O/W cream containing PG was enhanced, whereas that from an O/W cream without PG was substantially diminished.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Diffusion; Ethanol; Humans; Humidity; Hydrocortisone; In Vitro Techniques; Oils; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Propylene Glycols; Salicylates; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Water

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Prescriptions; Eczema; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Neomycin; Ointment Bases; Psoriasis; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Sulfur; Tetracycline

Sebaceous gland activity in the newborn and children is extensive at first in the epidermis, and later decreases owing to defective operation of the sweat glands, circulation changes, growth of the hair, and a predisposition to infection, for which significant treatment is required. In addition to the genetic "typus neurodermiticus", pharmaceutical, alimentary and respiratory allergens and psychological factors may play a part in the appearance of atopical dermatitis. Onset is usually in the 2nd to 6th month and the side of the face and the scalp are affected. The clinical picture varies considerably with age and includes sanious foci covered with scabs on the head and eczema flexurarum. Differences in family history, age and the location of sites will distinguish this form from seborrhoeic dermatitis. Gluteal dermitis is secondary to congestion caused by dampness, rugging and soaking, and the action of stools and urine (bacterial amniogenesis). The main complications of neonatal and infantile impetigo are: glomerulonephritis, exfoliative dermatitis, pulmonary abscess, pulmonitis and osteomyelitis; phlyctenular, serpiginous impetigo with large and small bullae is particularly important. Treatment of neonatal and infantile dermatosis must take account of the fact that increased reabsorption and congestion are contraindications for the local application of corticoids and preparations containing salicylic and boric acid.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet Therapy; Eczema; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Impetigo; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Neurodermatitis; Nystatin; Oils; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions of the skin are certainly not very common, but, on the other hand, the complete list of medicinal substances which are accused of causing them is extremely extensive. For this reason, dispensing with many details, an attempt is made to present the basis of such reactions. After irradiation with longwave ultra-violet light, which alone would not have produced inflammation, a reaction occurred through the agency of many drugs which can proceed according to a toxic or allergic mechanism.

Topics: Anilides; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Light; Phenothiazines; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Skin Tests; Sulfonamides; Tars; Tetracycline; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Diet; Drug Hypersensitivity; Flavoring Agents; Food Additives; Food Hypersensitivity; Food Labeling; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Joint Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Humans; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases

The influence of salicylic acid on pathological epithelial proliferation has been evaluated by means of the peidermal hyperplasia inhibition test in the guinea pig. 3% w/w salicylic acid dissolved in ethanol reduced surface epithelial hyperplasia by 15%, i.e. exhibited activity comparable to that of hydrocortisone 0.1% w/w. 1% w/w salicylic acid dissolved in a dimethylacetamide-acetone-ethanol mixture exerted an even greater degree of antihyperplastic activity on the surface epithelium (-18%) and also a marked inhibitory effect on deep epithelial proliferation (-10%).

Topics: Acetamides; Acetone; Administration, Topical; Animals; Body Weight; Cell Division; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Ethanol; Guinea Pigs; Hydrocarbons; Hyperplasia; Male; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Solvents

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Basement Membrane; Binding Sites, Antibody; Cell Membrane; Complement Fixation Tests; Cytoplasm; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Goats; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Penicillins; Rabbits; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adult; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Ointments; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy; Salicylates; Samarium; Skin Diseases; Sulfonic Acids

Topics: Arm; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Drug Combinations; Eczema; Flumethasone; Humans; Leg Dermatoses; Neurodermatitis; Ointments; Pregnanetriol; Prurigo; Salicylates; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Ampicillin; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens; Autoradiography; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Immunoglobulin E; Iodine Isotopes; Penicillins; Pyrazoles; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Sulfonamides; Swine; Thrombocytopenia; Urticaria

Topics: Animals; Drug Combinations; Gels; Guinea Pigs; Hematoma; Heparin; Male; Menthol; Placebos; Rats; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal Agents; Benzalkonium Compounds; Dermatologic Agents; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Age Factors; Borates; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Impetigo; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung Abscess; Neurodermatitis; Osteomyelitis; Pneumonia; Salicylates; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Arthrodermataceae; Bacitracin; Bacteria; Candida albicans; Clioquinol; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Natamycin; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcus; Tolnaftate; Trichophyton; Undecylenic Acids; Yeasts

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzalkonium Compounds; Dermatitis; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Psoriasis; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Solutions; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Drug Combinations; Flumethasone; Humans; Middle Aged; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases

Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Diseases; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Rabbits; Salicylates; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases; Sulfonamides; Time Factors

Topics: Acetaminophen; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Cells, Cultured; Histamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Lysosomes; Membranes; Permeability; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Drug Combinations; Eczema; Flumethasone; Humans; Ointments; Prurigo; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcus

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Clioquinol; Drug Combinations; Female; Flumethasone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Humans; Salicylates; Samarium; Skin Diseases

Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Calciphylaxis; Connective Tissue; Edema; Female; Mast Cells; Potassium Permanganate; Purpura; Rats; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Thiazoles

Topics: Adolescent; Arthritis, Juvenile; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Lymphadenitis; Male; Nigeria; Prognosis; Radiography; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Synovial Fluid

Topics: Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Phenothiazines; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Soaps; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urticaria

Topics: Alopecia Areata; Benzalkonium Compounds; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Granuloma; Humans; Neurodermatitis; Paronychia; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Emulsions; Humans; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Solutions; Zinc

Topics: Arteries; Cyanosis; Extremities; Humans; Nicotinic Acids; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Manifestations

Topics: Flumethasone; Fluorine; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Pregnanes; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Tars

Topics: Alopecia Areata; Benzalkonium Compounds; Dermatologic Agents; Eczema; Humans; Keloid; Lichen Planus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Neurodermatitis; Pruritus Ani; Psoriasis; Salicylates; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin Diseases; Triamcinolone

Topics: Aminopeptidases; Anthracenes; Body Fluids; Exanthema; Radiation Effects; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Tars; Urine

Topics: Aspirin; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Disease; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Salicylates; Scalp; Sebaceous Gland Diseases; Skin Diseases

Topics: Biphenyl Compounds; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Disease; Salicylates; Scalp; Skin Diseases

Topics: Dermatology; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Albumins; Benzenesulfonates; Humans; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Urinalysis

Topics: Coal Tar; Data Collection; Dermatology; Humans; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Sulfur

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Drug Combinations; Heparin; Humans; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Thymol; Vanillic Acid

Topics: Mercury; Salicylates; Skin Diseases