salicylates and Seizures

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Seizures; Valproic Acid; Virus Diseases

The roles of changes in cellular redox, interorgan lactate flux and balance, and quantitative aspects of lactate metabolism in the pathogenesis of lactic acidosis are discussed. Altered metabolism of pyruvate is central to the development of lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia. Lactic acidosis occurs as a result of a relative or absolute imbalance in lactate production and utilization. Lactate utilization for oxidative purposes and for the resynthesis of glucose is essential for the maintenance of acid-base balance. Because of its role in lactate homeostasis the liver may play a central role in acid-base balance. Impairment of hepatic utilization of lactate may produce lactic acidosis.

Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Dichloroacetic Acid; Ethanol; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Kidney; Lactates; Liver; Liver Diseases; Neoplasms; Phenformin; Renal Dialysis; Salicylates; Seizures; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Acute Kidney Injury; Alkalosis, Respiratory; Aspirin; Calcium; Coma; Dehydration; Fever; Gastric Lavage; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infusions, Parenteral; Poisoning; Salicylamides; Salicylates; Seizures; Tetany; Vomiting

A series of new 1,2,4-triazole-3-one derivatives bearing the salicyl moiety were synthesized by using microwave irradiation, and their chemical structures were identified by IR, (1) H NMR, (13) C NMR, elemental analysis, and LC-MS. The anticonvulsant activities of the compounds 4a-c, 4e, and 5a-e were evaluated by the Anticonvulsant Screening Program of the National Institute of Health, USA. The compounds had moderate anticonvulsant activities in the maximum electroshock-induced seizure and minimal clonic seizure models in mice, without any neurotoxic effects.

Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Design; Electroshock; Mice; Molecular Structure; Salicylates; Seizures; Structure-Activity Relationship; Time Factors; Triazoles

A 16-month-old child developed a brief generalised tonic-clonic fitting episode and vomiting at home, after accidental ingestion of traditional massage oil. As the patient presented with clinical features of salicylate toxicity, appropriate management was instituted. He was admitted to the intensive care unit for multiorgan support. The child was discharged well 1 week after the incident. Methyl-salicylate is a common component of massage oils which are used for topical treatment of joint and muscular pains. However, these massage oils may be toxic when taken orally. Early recognition of the salicylate toxicity is very important in producing a good patient outcome.

Topics: Antidotes; Bicarbonates; Charcoal; Diuretics; Fluid Therapy; Furosemide; Humans; Infant; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Massage; Oils; Renal Dialysis; Salicylates; Seizures; Vomiting

The parameters of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures have been evaluated at various time intervals after lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli O111:B4, 100 microg/kg, i.p.) administration in mice. A proconvulsant effect occurred 4h after LPS injection with decreased seizure latency and enhanced seizure intensity. In contrast, the incidence of seizures was reduced 18 h after LPS injection. There were no significant alterations on seizure parameters 2, 8, 12, and 24h after LPS treatment. SC-58236, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor (20 or 40 mg/kg, s.c.) treatment alone had no effect on PTZ-induced seizures, but reversed the antiseizure activity observed 18 h after LPS injection. However, SC-58236 treatment partially restored the proconvulsant changes that were observed 4h after LPS administration. On the other hand, COX-1-selective inhibitor valeryl salicylate (20 or 40 mg/kg, s.c.) itself facilitated PTZ-induced seizures. Thus, it was not possible to evaluate the effects of valeryl salicylate on the excitability changes after LPS injection. These results indicate that the parameters of PTZ-induced seizures change time-dependently after LPS treatment, in which proconvulsant and anticonvulsant states could be seen in a sequence. It seems that COX-2 isoenzyme may be involved in the neuronal excitability changes due to LPS.

Topics: Animals; Convulsants; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Diclofenac; Escherichia coli; Indomethacin; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Motor Activity; Pentylenetetrazole; Pyrazoles; Salicylates; Seizures; Sulfonamides; Time Factors

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Body Temperature; Child, Preschool; Diet; Female; Fever; Health Education; Humans; Hygiene; Male; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pain; Parents; Pediatrics; Professional-Family Relations; Salicylates; Seizures; Social Class; Thermometers; Time Factors

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Electroencephalography; Female; Fluoxetine; Humans; Salicylates; Seizures

Topics: Acetaminophen; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Interactions; Fever; Humans; Kinetics; Risk; Salicylates; Seizures; Virus Diseases

A 3-year-old White child was admitted to the critical care unit in a coma after a generalized convulsion. Codeine and salicylic acid were present in his plasma. The possible aetiology and management are discussed.

Topics: Child, Preschool; Codeine; Coma; Humans; Male; Salicylates; Seizures

A 10-year-old, mixed-breed, castrated male dog was examined because of acute onset of vomiting followed by severe generalized seizures. The dog had been on a treatment regimen that included a salicylate-containing drug, and the owners unknowingly supplemented aspirin. Supportive treatment utilizing sodium bicarbonate resulted in return to normal within 24 hours. Blood salicylate concentrations were determined to be in the range toxic to human beings.

Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Male; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Seizures

In experiments on albino mice with pentylenetetrazol convulsions it has been found that GABA, introduced intracerebroventricularly in a dose of 100 microgram/mouse, has a marked anticonvulsive effect. Scopolamine in doses of 1, 10 and 50 mg/kg i. p. does not influence significantly the convulsive-seizure reactions, while spasmolytin inhibits them only in large doses (80 mg/kg weight). The inhibitory effect of GABA does not change significantly on the background of scopolamine, while spasmolytin in a dose of 50 mg/kg (and to a lesser extent 80 mg/kg) antagonizes the inhibitory effect of GABA. Arecoline in doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg inhibits to a certain extent the convulsive-seizure reactions, and in doses of 10 mg/kg it potentiates the effect of GABA. Physostigmine in doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg has no significant effect, while in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg its effect is inhibitory. On the background of the two higher physostigmine doses, however, the anticonvulsive effect of GABA is markedly decreased. The results show that changes in the functional activity level of the brain cholinergic systems lead to changes in the inhibitory effect of GABA on the convulsive reactivity. The mechanisms of these correlations are complex. However, the results are in support of the view that the balance between the different neurotransmitter systems in the brain and not a separate specifically responsible neurotransmitter system, are of decisive significance for the convulsive excitability and reactivity.

Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Arecoline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Mice; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Parasympatholytics; Pentylenetetrazole; Physostigmine; Salicylates; Scopolamine; Seizures

Following intravenous administration of physostigmine salicylate for tricyclic antidepressant poisoning in 21 patients, convulsions occurred in two patients, and severe cholinergic manifestations occurred in two others. Because of these untoward effects and the very short duration of its beneficial action, it is very doubtful that physostigmine has any place in the routine management of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidepressive Agents; Arousal; Drug Evaluation; Electroencephalography; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Physostigmine; Poisoning; Salicylates; Seizures; Sympathetic Nervous System; Time Factors

Topics: Child; Fever; Humans; Phenobarbital; Salicylates; Seizures; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Drug Synergism; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Hydrazines; Hypnotics and Sedatives; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Oxygen Consumption; Pentobarbital; Pentylenetetrazole; Pyruvates; Quinazolines; Salicylates; Seizures; Structure-Activity Relationship; Succinates

A study of 170 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and a review of the literature indicate that this disease can significantly affect the central nervous system. Signs of CNS dysfunction were observed in 13 children. During the acute toxic stages the EEG is abnormal in many cases. Other manifestations of toxic encephalopathy such as irritability, drowsiness, stupor, convulsions and marked meningismus may be evident in severe cases. Meningitis is often suspected but ruled out by the finding of normal CSF. Steroids can rapidly improve the condition of these children. If ;unexplained' seizures occur during the chronic stage, the diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis should be entertained.

Topics: Arthritis, Juvenile; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningism; Prednisone; Salicylates; Seizures; Spinal Puncture

Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Barbiturates; Blood Circulation; Carbamates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; France; Humans; Hypoxia; Lung Diseases; Morphinans; Phenothiazines; Poisoning; Respiration; Salicylates; Seizures; Trichloroethylene; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Aspirin; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Salicylates; Seizures

Topics: Child Abuse; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Salicylates; Seizures