salicylates and Respiratory-Tract-Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Seizures; Valproic Acid; Virus Diseases

A poor therapeutic response may be explained by incomplete or erroneous diagnostic assessment, by failure to employ optimal drug doses and combinations, or by inadequate attention to the non-pharmacologic aspects of management. Poor compliance and counterproductive patient attitudes may need to be addressed. These problems and the approach to asthma concomitant with other diseases are discussed.

Topics: Asthma; Diabetes Complications; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyspnea, Paroxysmal; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hyperventilation; Occupational Diseases; Patient Compliance; Physician-Patient Relations; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Sympathomimetics; Theophylline; Thyroid Diseases

To address the increasing incidence of gonorrhoea and antimicrobial resistance, we compared the efficacy of Listerine and Biotène mouthwashes for preventing gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men (MSM).. The OMEGA trial was a multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind randomised controlled trial among MSM, done at three urban sexual health clinics and one general practice clinic in Australia. Men were eligible if they were diagnosed with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) in the previous 30 days or were aged 16-24 years. They were randomly assigned to receive Listerine (intervention) or Biotène (control) via a computer-generated sequence (1:1 ratio, block size of four). Participants, clinicians, data collectors, data analysts, and outcome adjudicators were masked to the interventions after assignment. Participants were instructed to rinse and gargle with 20 mL of mouthwash for 60 s at least once daily for 12 weeks. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected by research nurses every 6 weeks, and participants provided saliva samples every 3 weeks, to be tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae with NAAT and quantitative PCR. The primary outcome was proportion of MSM diagnosed with oropharyngeal N gonorrhoeae infection at any point over the 12-week period, defined as a positive result for either oropharyngeal swabs or saliva samples by NAAT, and the cumulative incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea at the week 12 visit. A modified intention-to-treat analysis for the primary outcome was done that included men who provided at least one follow-up specimen over the 12-week study period. The trial was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616000247471).. Between March 30, 2016, and Oct 26, 2018, 786 MSM were screened and 256 were excluded. 264 MSM were randomly assigned to the Biotène group and 266 to the Listerine group. The analysis population included 227 (86%) men in the Biotène group and 219 (82%) in the Listerine group. Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea was detected in ten (4%) of 227 of MSM in the Biotène group and in 15 (7%) of 219 in the Listerine group (adjusted risk difference 2·5%, 95% CI -1·8 to 6·8). The cumulative incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea at the week 12 visit did not differ between the two mouthwash groups (adjusted risk difference 3·1%, 95% CI -1·4 to 7·7).. Listerine did not reduce the incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea compared with Biotène. However, previous research suggests that mouthwash might reduce the infectivity of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea; therefore, further studies of mouthwash examining its inhibitory effect on N gonorrhoeae are warranted to determine if it has a potential role for the prevention of transmission.. Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Australia; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Glucose Oxidase; Gonorrhea; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Lactoperoxidase; Male; Mouthwashes; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Muramidase; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; New Zealand; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Surveys and Questionnaires; Terpenes; Young Adult

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates

Between January 1985 and May 1986, following completion of a pilot study, a main study concerning the possible association between Reye's syndrome and salicylates was conducted. Twenty-seven patients with stage II or deeper Reye's syndrome whose diagnoses were confirmed by an expert panel and who had appropriate antecedent illnesses (chickenpox, respiratory illness, or gastrointestinal illness) prior to the onset of Reye's syndrome were compared with 140 controls matched for age, race (black or not black), and type and timing of onset of antecedent illness. Controls were selected from the same hospital, emergency room, or school as case-patients or were identified by random-digit telephone dialing. As in the pilot study, a strong statistical association with ingestion of salicylates during the antecedent illness and prior to the onset of Reye's syndrome was observed (odds ratio, 40; lower 95% confidence limit, 5.8). Analysis of the independent risk of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates revealed a significant association with aspirin (odds ratio, 26; lower 95% confidence limit, 6.4); the independent risk of nonaspirin salicylates could not be assessed because only two cases were not exposed to aspirin. Assessment of epidemiologic issues of concern, including case-control differences in the severity of the antecedent illness, did not explain the high odds ratios that were observed. The high percentage of patients with Reye's syndrome exposed to salicylates (greater than or equal to 90%) in this and prior studies suggests that, though the reported incidence of Reye's syndrome has declined in recent years, concomitant with a decline in salicylate use among children, a majority of Reye's syndrome cases may be attributable to salicylate use.

Topics: Adolescent; Aspirin; Child; Child, Preschool; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Male; Research Design; Respiratory Tract Infections; Reye Syndrome; Salicylates; United States; United States Public Health Service

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Humans; Imidazoles; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates

Factor analysis of admission data from 209 Reye's syndrome patients yielded three factors. Factor 1 was associated with encephalopathy, blood ammonia, creatinine kinase (CK), uric acid and, to a lesser extent, bilirubin. This factor was linked to the encephalopathy and hypermetabolic changes in muscle, possibly prostaglandin-mediated proteolysis. Factor 2 was associated with serum alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and was identified as a hepatic lesion component. These factors correspond to two etiologic components of Reye's syndrome. Salicylate was only weakly associated with neuropathic and hypercatabolic indicators and not at all associated with the hepatic damage indicators.

Topics: Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Coma; Humans; Liver Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Reye Syndrome; Salicylates; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Child; Diet; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Diet; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Child; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hexachlorophene; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Samarium

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Streptomycin; Tuberculosis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Follow-Up Studies; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Otitis Media; Peritonsillar Abscess; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Sex Factors; Sinusitis; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis

Topics: Analgesics; Child, Preschool; Choline; Humans; Infant; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates