salicylates and Pneumonia

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Electrocardiography; Humans; Inflammation; Morphine; Myocardial Infarction; Myositis; Pericarditis; Peritonitis; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Salicylates

Production of excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular endothelium is a common pathogenic pathway in many dangerous conditions, including acute lung injury, ischemia-reperfusion, and inflammation. Ineffective delivery of antioxidants to the endothelium limits their utility for management of these conditions. In this study, we devised a novel translational antioxidant intervention targeted to the vascular endothelium using PEG-liposomes loaded with EUK-134 (EUK), a potent superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic. EUK loaded into antibody-coated liposomes (size 197.8±4.5 nm diameter, PDI 0.179±0.066) exerted partial activity in the intact carrier, while full activity was recovered upon liposome disruption. For targeting we used antibodies (Abs) to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1). Both streptavidin-biotin and SATA/SMCC conjugation chemistries provided binding of 125-150 Ab molecules per liposome. Ab/EUK/liposomes, but not IgG/EUK/liposomes: i) bound to endothelial cells and inhibited cytokine-induced inflammatory activation in vitro; and, ii) accumulated in lungs after intravascular injection, providing >60% protection against pulmonary edema in endotoxin-challenged mice (vs <6% protection afforded by IgG/liposome/EUK counterpart). Since the design elements of this drug delivery system are already in clinical use (PEG-liposomes, antibodies, SATA/SMCC conjugation), it is an attractive candidate for translational interventions using antioxidant molecules such as EUK and other clinically acceptable drugs.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Cells, Cultured; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Lipopolysaccharides; Liposomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Organometallic Compounds; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Pneumonia; Salicylates; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Superoxide Dismutase; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

The gastric and tracheal flora of 142 consecutive patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis were investigated, identifying identical isolates by typing. Furthermore, the growth pattern of normal respiratory bacteria and organisms causing ventilation pneumonia at different pH values and the in vitro effect of sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate on these bacteria in simulated gastric fluid were studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) with rising gastric pH bacterial counts in gastric aspirates, especially gram-negatives, increased significantly; (2) in 45 (31.7%) of the patients identical organisms were first isolated in gastric samples and one to two days later in tracheal secretions; (3) ventilation pneumonia was significantly more frequent in patients with high gastric pH; (4) pathogens causing ventilation pneumonia grew well in simulated gastric fluid at higher pH values, unlike normal respiratory organisms; and (5) sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate showed antibacterial activity against frequent causative organisms of ventilation pneumonia.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Bismuth; Gastric Juice; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Organometallic Compounds; Peptic Ulcer; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Respiration, Artificial; Risk Factors; Salicylates; Stress, Physiological; Sucralfate; Trachea

Topics: Accidents, Home; Alcoholic Intoxication; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Atropine; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphenoxylate; Drug Packaging; Drug Storage; Education; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Iron; Paraquat; Pneumonia; Poisoning; Salicylates

Four women with fever, arthromyalgias, pericarditis, pleural effusion, high erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and lymphopenia had mitochondrial antibodies in the serum in the absence of antinuclear antibody. Their illness lasted 5-12 weeks and the antibody test results became negative on remission. Absence of specific bacteriological findings, normal antistreptolysin O titres, resistance to antibiotics, and good response to steroids suggested that these cases represented a milder and less persistent form of the syndrome resembling systemic lupus erythematosus described by German authors.

Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Blood Sedimentation; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mitochondria; Pericarditis; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Age Factors; Borates; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Impetigo; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung Abscess; Neurodermatitis; Osteomyelitis; Pneumonia; Salicylates; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Follow-Up Studies; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocytosis; Male; Middle Aged; Otitis Media; Peritonsillar Abscess; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Sex Factors; Sinusitis; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis

Topics: Cortisone; Pneumonia; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates