salicylates and Periodontitis

Gingivitis is a chronic inflammatory condition, resulting from gingival bacteria and bacterial byproducts. Antiplaque oral rinses reduce inflammation by removing or inhibiting plaque formation. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of HM-302, a mouth rinse based on natural products, on gingival inflammation.. A prospective, double-blinded, randomized parallel-group controlled trial involving 62 patients was conducted to assess efficacy and safety. During a 2-week period with no dental hygiene, subjects were randomized to receive either the study rinse (HM-302); a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) rinse; an essential oils (EO) rinse; or a water-only preparation. The gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and number of bleeding sites were measured at baseline and at the end of the study period.. Progression of gingival inflammation resulting from lack of dental hygiene was lowest in patients treated with the HM-302 rinse, and was significantly less marked than in patients treated with the water-only preparation. When compared to the CPC and EO treatments, HM-302 was the only mouth rinse that was significantlybetter than the control, with respect to both the change in absolute GI scores (p = .006) and to the percent increase in GI scores (p = .012). No serious adverse effects were noted in any of the study groups.. HM-302 is a safe and effective treatment for preventing the development of gingival inflammation in an experimental gingivitis model. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effects.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Centella; Cetylpyridinium; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Echinacea; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Phytotherapy; Pilot Projects; Placebos; Plant Extracts; Prospective Studies; Safety; Salicylates; Sambucus nigra; Terpenes; Treatment Outcome; Triterpenes; Young Adult

Fifty chronic adult periodontitis patients completed a 6-week controlled, double-blind, split mouth clinical study to determine the effects of subgingival irrigation with an antimicrobial mouthrinse on periodontal microflora, supragingival plaque, and gingivitis when used as an adjunct to normal oral hygiene. Qualifying subjects had at least four sites, two on each side of the mouth, with probing depths between 4 and 6 mm, which bled on gentle probing. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a half mouth scaling and prophylaxis and full mouth subgingival irrigation with either the antimicrobial mouthrinse or sterile colored water control professionally delivered. Subjects continued irrigation at home once daily for 42 days with their assigned rinse delivered via a subgingival delivery system. All sites in the mouth were scored at baseline and at day 42 for supragingival plaque, bleeding on probing, and redness. For the four selected periodontitis sites, probing depth and attachment level were measured at baseline and on day 42; additionally, supragingival plaque and gingival redness were scored on days 7 and 21. Subgingival plaque samples for microbiological analysis were harvested from the selected periodontal sites at baseline and on days 7, 21, and 42. Microbiologically, irrigation with the antimicrobial mouthrinse resulted in statistically significant reductions compared to control in putative periodontopathogens, including black pigmenting species, which persisted at 42 days. Clinically, subgingival irrigation with the antimicrobial mouthrinse produced a significant reduction in supragingival plaque (P < 0.001), bleeding on probing (P = 0.019), and redness (P = 0.017) compared to the control, whether or not the area irrigated received a prophylaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroides; Capnocytophaga; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Fusobacterium; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Salicylates; Streptococcus sanguis; Terpenes; Treponema

A randomized double-blind crossover design study using 25 patients requiring bilateral gingival flap surgery was completed. The effect of rinsing postsurgically three times daily with an antimicrobial mouthrinse or physiological saline on dental plaque formation, gingival inflammation, bleeding, wound healing, and patient comfort was evaluated at 7, 14 and 28 days. The antimicrobial rinse was statistically significantly 28.9% more effective than saline at seven days for reducing plaque. It was also significantly more effective for improving wound healing at day 7 as measured by edema (p less than 0.04). There were no significant differences in gingival index scores or bleeding at any time period. Use of an antimicrobial mouthrinse may be an effective aid in early healing of gingival flap surgery wounds.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Gingiva; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Pain, Postoperative; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Salicylates; Surgical Flaps; Terpenes; Wound Healing

The study was conducted to determine the bactericidal activity of a stabilized chlorine dioxide oral rinse (ClōSYS Oral Rinse) compared to products currently available on the market.. Oral bacteria associated with gingivitis and periodontitis were exposed to rinses for one minute and five minutes. The numbers of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) were measured prior to and following exposure to determine the bactericidal activity.. As expected, Listerine and Crest Pro-Health demonstrated complete kill on all bacteria exposed within one minute. Breath Rx exhibited the weakest levels of bactericidal effects overall. ClōSYS and chlorhexidine rinses proved identical 100% kills against the periodontal pathogens at five minutes; in some cases, ClōSYS oral rinse achieved a higher kill at the one-minute mark over the chlorhexidine rinse.. The results demonstrated that ClōSYS Oral Rinse has potential for providing a therapeutic benefit, making it an attractive option to induce compliance in patients concerned about taste and tooth discoloration during oral health therapy.

Topics: Actinomyces; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Load; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorhexidine; Chlorine Compounds; Drug Combinations; Enterococcus faecalis; Gingivitis; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Materials Testing; Mouthwashes; Oxides; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salicylates; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus oralis; Terpenes; Time Factors

To determine in vitro the action of chlorhexidine digluconate and different commercially available mouthrinses on oral microorganisms.. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and possible induction of resistance by chlorhexidine digluconate, an essential oil-containing mouthwash and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solution, were determined against microorganisms normally found in the oral cavity (10 streptococci, 2 enterobacteria, 1 Candida albicans, 8 Porphyromonas gingivalis, 6 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and 1 Fusobacterium nucleatum). Further, the effect of a 1-minute exposure on cell and bacterial viability was studied.. The susceptibility of the oral microorganisms to chlorhexidine digluconate ranged from 0.01% to 0.50%. Passages on agar plates containing subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate resulted in a transitory moderate increase in the tolerance to chlorhexidine digluconate in five of the 24 isolates. After 1 minute of exposure, chlorhexidine digluconate solutions as well as the essential oil and the amine/stannous fluoride-containing solutions showed a high activity against the tested microorganisms. Commercially available chlorhexidine digluconate formulations (ie, those with antidiscoloration systems) were partly less efficient than the corresponding manually prepared chlorhexidine digluconate preparation. The determination of MTT resulted in a strong cytotoxicity of all tested preparations to gingival fibroblasts.. The results indicate that most of the chlorhexidine digluconate formulations as well as essential oil and the amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solutions are active against oral microbes. Long-term use of these agents would not result in emergent antimicrobial resistance.

Topics: Amines; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Biofilms; Chlorhexidine; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fibroblasts; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mouthwashes; Periodontitis; Salicylates; Terpenes; Tin Fluorides

Determination of antimicrobic activity of the preparations of Metrogyl denta, Cholisal and Solcoseryl on the complex culture of microorganisms employing the developed procedure was carried out. Degree of the antimicrobic action manifestation of each preparation was revealed.

Topics: Actihaemyl; Anti-Infective Agents; Cellulose; Choline; Fluorescence; Glycerol; Humans; Lasers; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mouth; Periodontitis; Salicylates

Dental caries is a polymicrobial disease and complicated to treat. Understanding the microbiota responses to treatment from different individuals is a key factor in developing effective treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the 24-h posttreatment effect of two oral antiseptics (chlorhexidine and Listerine) on species composition of microplate plaque biofilms that had been initiated from the saliva of five different donors and grown in both 0.15% and 0.5% sucrose. Plaque composition was analyzed using checkerboard DNA : DNA hybridization analysis, which comprised of a panel of 40 species associated with oral health and disease. The supernatant pH of the plaques grown in 0.15% sucrose ranged from 4.3 to 6 and in 0.5% sucrose, it ranged from 3.8 to 4. Plaque biomass was largely unaffected by either antiseptic. Each donor had a different salivary microbial profile, differentiating according to the prevalence of either caries or periodontal/anaerobic pathogens. Despite similar plaque microbiota compositions being elicited through the sucrose growth conditions, microbiota responses to chlorhexidine and Listerine differentiated according to the donor. These findings indicate that efficacious caries treatments would depend on the responses of an individual's microbiota, which may differ from person to person.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Biomass; Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Ecosystem; Humans; Mouthwashes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Periodontitis; Salicylates; Saliva; Terpenes; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Analgesics; Dentists; Drug Prescriptions; Humans; Periodontitis; Phenacetin; Pyrazoles; Salicylates; Self Medication

Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Choline; Drug Combinations; Female; Gels; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Salicylates