salicylates and Necrosis

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Atrophy; Betamethasone; Drug Interactions; Glucocorticoids; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infections; Injections, Intra-Articular; Joint Diseases; Methylprednisolone; Necrosis; Osteoporosis; Peptic Ulcer; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Synovitis; Triamcinolone; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antipyretics; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Blood Chemical Analysis; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Necrosis; Pharmacology; Phenylbutazone; Proteins; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

The efficacy of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) in the management of necrotic enteritis (NE) when fed in combination with narasin was investigated in a floor-pen study of 2,000 broiler chickens using a Clostridium perfringens inoculum challenge model. Treatments consisted of 1) nonchallenged-nonmedicated; 2) challenged-nonmedicated; 3) challenged-narasin (70 ppm); 4) challenged-BMD (55 ppm); 5) challenged-narasin (70 ppm) + BMD (55 ppm). Medication was provided in the feed from Day 0 to trial termination on Day 41. C. perfringens challenge occurred from Day 14 to 16. BMD and narasin, fed alone and in combination, reduced (P < 0.05) mortality due to NE when compared to challenged-nonmedicated birds. NE lesion scores (Days 0 through 41) were lower among birds fed BMD and narasin, alone and in combination, compared to challenged-nonmedicated birds. Improvements in NE mortality and NE lesion scores were greatest for the BMD + narasin-medicated birds, followed by the BMD-alone, and then narasin-alone treated birds. BMD and narasin, alone and in combination, provided improvements (P < 0.05) in average daily gains over the entire study (Days 0 to 41). The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of BMD and narasin in the management of NE in broiler chickens.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Chickens; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Enteritis; Male; Necrosis; Poultry Diseases; Pyrans; Salicylates; Weight Gain

Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Burns; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Ointments; Salicylates

The effect of dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the intestinal health and growth performance of Cobb 500 male broilers subjected to a Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge was determined in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments of 10 replicate/treatment. In experiment 2, chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments of 12 replicates/treatment. The experimental treatments were non-infected, non-supplemented control, infected, non-supplemented control (IC), infected + Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 (B. subtilis DSM 32315), infected + bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). In both experiments, NE was induced by oral inoculation of toxin producing C. perfringens on 3 consecutive days between 17 and 20 D of age, following exposure of birds to pre-disposing conditions. At day 28 (experiment 1), broilers fed diets with B. subtilis DSM 32315 exhibited a significantly higher body weight, lower mortality, and intestinal NE lesion score, compared to the IC treatment. At day 42 (experiment 2), B. subtilis DSM 32315 supplementation significantly improved BW, feed conversion ratio, production efficiency factor, NE lesion score, and mortality, compared to IC treatment. The effect of B. subtilis DSM 32315 on intestinal integrity of NE challenged chickens was evaluated with histomorphometry. A significantly shallower crypt depth and higher villus height to crypt depth ratio were observed in the mid-intestine of birds belonging to the B. subtilis DSM 32315 group, compared to the IC group. Furthermore, B. subtilis DSM 32315 supplementation significantly reduced the enteritis index associated with NE. In both experiments, the effect of B. subtilis DSM 32315 on the phenotypic measurements of NE and performance was comparable to the effect observed with BMD supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of the direct fed microbial strain B. subtilis DSM 32315 can ameliorate the pathology and performance detriments associated with NE.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Bacitracin; Chickens; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Diet; Enteritis; Intestines; Male; Necrosis; Poultry Diseases; Probiotics; Salicylates

Ginkgolic acids (GAs), primarily found in the leaves, nuts, and testa of ginkgo biloba, have been identified with suspected allergenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic properties. However, little information is available about GAs toxicity in kidneys and the underlying mechanism has not been thoroughly elucidated so far. Instead of GAs extract, the renal cytotoxicity of GA (15 : 1), which was isolated from the testa of Ginkgo biloba, was assessed in vitro by using MDCK cells. The action of GA (15 : 1) on cell viability was evaluated by the MTT and neutral red uptake assays. Compared with the control, the cytotoxicity of GA (15 : 1) on MDCK cells displayed a time- and dose-dependent manner, suggesting the cells mitochondria and lysosomes were damaged. It was confirmed that GA (15 : 1) resulted in the loss of cells mitochondrial trans-membrane potential (ΔΨm). In propidium iodide (PI) staining analysis, GA (15 : 1) induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, influencing on the DNA synthesis and cell mitosis. Characteristics of necrotic cell death were observed in MDCK cells at the experimental conditions, as a result of DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and morphological observation of MDCK cells. In conclusion, these findings might provide useful information for a better understanding of the GA (15 : 1) induced renal toxicity.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Survival; Dogs; Ginkgo biloba; Lysosomes; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Mitochondria; Necrosis; Plant Extracts; Salicylates

Topics: Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 7; Beclin-1; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Colorectal Neoplasms; Enzyme Inhibitors; Farnesol; Flavanones; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Knockdown Techniques; HCT116 Cells; HT29 Cells; Humans; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Molecular Docking Simulation; Necrosis; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Protein Methyltransferases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; ras Proteins; Salicylates; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of sealers used in apical surgery in rat subcutaneous tissue. Sterile polyethylene tubes were filled with the following sealers: Sealapex, Sealapex with addition of zinc oxide, Sealer 26, Sealer 26 with thicker consistency (greater powder-to-resin ratio) and White MTA. The tubes were implanted in the dorsum of male rats and after 7, 21 and 42 days, the animals were killed, obtaining 5 specimens for each sealer in each evaluation period. The lateral surface of the tube was used as negative control. The inflammatory reaction to contact with the sealers was classified as absent, mild, moderate and severe. At 7 days, all sealers caused similar inflammatory reactions in the connective tissue of the animals, with most specimens presenting a moderate to intense chronic inflammatory reaction, with presence of multinucleated giant cells. At 21 days, Sealer 26 and Sealer 26 with thicker consistency presented more intense inflammatory reaction (p=0.004), whereas after 42 days, the inflammatory reaction ranged from absent to mild with statistically similar results for both materials (p=0.08). Except for MTA, all sealers presented foreign-body granulomatous reaction at 42 days. All sealers but Sealapex presented a statistically significant decrease of the inflammatory reaction over time. In conclusion, all sealers caused moderate to severe inflammation in the earlier evaluation period. However, Sealer 26 and Sealer 26 with thicker consistency caused more intense inflammatory reactions after 21 days of contact with the tissues and no granulomatous reaction was observed for MTA at the final period of analysis.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bismuth; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Cellulitis; Drug Combinations; Giant Cells; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Materials Testing; Necrosis; Oxides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Silicates; Subcutaneous Tissue; Time Factors; Viscosity; Zinc Oxide

The aim of this study was to histopathologically examine the reaction of the connective tissue of rats to 2 calcium hydroxide-based sealers, Acroseal and Sealapex. Dentin tubes containing the materials and empty control tubes were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of 36 Wistar albino rats. The animals were killed after 7 or 30 days, and the specimens were prepared for histologic analysis with hematoxylin and eosin, Von Kossa technique, and polarized light. Results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Both materials caused mild or moderate inflammatory reactions on the 7th day, but these reactions decreased by the 30th day with no significant difference at any time (P > .05). Mineralization of the subcutaneous tissue of the rats was observed only with Sealapex.

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Connective Tissue; Dentin; Dermatitis; Humans; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Materials Testing; Necrosis; Neutrophils; Ossification, Heterotopic; Plasma Cells; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Skin; Time Factors

There are three types of the root canal sealers commonly used in clinical applications. They are calcium hydroxide base (Sealapex), zinc oxide-eugenol base (Canals), and epoxy-resin base (AH Plus). Elutable substances and degradation products from root canal sealers may gain access to periodontal tissue in a number of ways. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biologic effects of the root canal sealers on human oral cancer cell line (OC2). The tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was to evaluate the cell's survival rate. The DNA electrophoresis was used to evaluate the OC2 cell's DNA damage. The results demonstrated that the above root canal sealers' survival rates are in dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05). The toxicity of fresh mix group is higher than that of the mixed after 24h group. DNA fragmentation assay of sealer treated OC2 cells shows a smear layer pattern on the electrophoresis gel. There is no DNA damage found. The toxicity that regulated the cell death is not by the apoptic change of cells.

Topics: Apoptosis; Calcium Hydroxide; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; DNA Fragmentation; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Necrosis; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates

Onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) causes both necrotic and apoptotic cell death in cultured hepatocytes. Salicylate lowers the threshold for onset of the MPT. In this study, our aim was to determine whether nontoxic concentrations of salicylate potentiate MPT-mediated cell killing. In necrotic killing models to rat hepatocytes, salicylate (1 mM) enhanced calcium ionophore (Br-A23187)- and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced cell death, which was blocked or delayed by cyclosporin A (CsA, 2 microM), a specific inhibitor of the MPT. In hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), salicylate accelerated cell killing after low-dose TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml), which by itself induced little apoptosis. Salicylate enhancement of apoptosis was associated with onset of the MPT and accelerated caspase 3 activation. Salicylate also augmented killing of MCF-7 human breast tumor cells by etoposide and PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cells by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In conclusion, salicylate potentiates both necrotic and apoptotic cell killing by promoting onset of the MPT. Enhancement by salicylate of MPT-dependent apoptosis may play a role in protection by aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against colon, lung, and breast cancer.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Calcimycin; Calcium; Caspase 3; Caspases; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cyclosporine; Hepatocytes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Ionophores; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Mitochondria; Necrosis; Oxidative Stress; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salicylates; tert-Butylhydroperoxide; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Antioxidant status was assayed in leaves of two local lesion hosts of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), namely in wild-type Xanthi-nc tobacco and in NahG transgenic tobacco, the latter of which is not able to accumulate salicylic acid (SA) and therefore is unable to develop systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Activities of several enzymes related to antioxidative defense, and the levels of glutathione, chlorogenic acid and rutin were studied. The majority of antioxidant enzymes were less active in uninfected NahG tobacco than in Xanthi-nc. Furthermore, important enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were down-regulated in TMV-infected NahG plants, as compared to Xanthi-nc. Correspondingly, SA pretreatment primed the leaves for stronger induction of antioxidants in infected Xanthi-nc, but not in NahG tobaccos. The antioxidant status of NahG tobacco even decreased after an attempted induction of SAR, while the antioxidative level increased in Xanthi-nc leaves in which the SAR was successfully induced. After infection, a greater accumulation of superoxide and H2O2, and a more intensive necrotization was positively correlated with the reduced capability of NahG leaf tissue to detoxify reactive oxygen species.

Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Chlorogenic Acid; Down-Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Immunity, Innate; Necrosis; Nicotiana; Plant Leaves; Plants, Genetically Modified; Rutin; Salicylates; Signal Transduction; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Numerous studies argue that salicylic acid (SA) is an important component of the plant signal transduction pathway(s) leading to disease resistance. The discovery that the SA-binding protein is a catalase, whose activity is blocked by SA, led to the proposal that one of SA's modes of action is to inhibit this H2O2-degrading enzyme and thus elevate H2O2 levels. To test this model, an attempt was made to mimic the action of SA by reducing the synthesis of catalase using antisense RNA technology. Analyses of transgenic tobacco plants that expressed the tobacco catalase 1 (cat1) or catalase 2 (cat2) gene in an antisense orientation indicate that there is no correlation between modest to high levels of reduction in catalase activity and activation of plant defenses such as pathogenesis-related (PR)-1 protein synthesis. However, three independent antisense catalase transgenic plants (ASCAT1 Nos 16, 17, and 28), which exhibited the most severe reduction in catalase activity (approximately 90% or more), developed chlorosis or necrosis on some of their lower leaves. These same leaves accumulated very high levels of PR-1 proteins and showed enhanced resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. Necrosis and elevated SA, which appear to result from severe depression of catalase levels, may be responsible for the induction of these defense responses.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Catalase; DNA, Antisense; DNA, Complementary; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Glucosides; Molecular Sequence Data; Necrosis; Nicotiana; Plant Diseases; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Recombinant Proteins; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Tobacco Mosaic Virus

The authors studied experimentally the morphological changes of injuries and the surrounding areas after a skin chemical injury caused by sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid and chlorhydric acid under the influence of acidic necrolytics--40% benzoic acid and 40% salycilic acid in unguentus. The necrolytics are applied on the injured areas immediately upon getting the wound or on the 4th day thereafter, while the morphological study is carried out after getting off the necrosis. It has been established that the necrolysis in the case of sodium hydroxide was not effected by the 28th day. The processes in the tissues upon acidic injuries do not differ from the spontaneous healing process.

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Benzoic Acid; Burns, Chemical; Debridement; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Necrosis; Ointments; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin; Time Factors

Two effective methods in chemical peeling, solid carbon dioxide plus trichloroacetic acid and Jessner's solution plus trichloroacetic acid, were compared clinically with photographs and histologically with serial biopsies. Carbon dioxide produced a deeper wound than Jessner's solution, and CO2 + TCA was slightly deeper than Jessner's + TCA but was probably not significantly deeper from a clinical standpoint except in correcting scarring. Triple consecutive applications of TCA can substantially increase wound depth with both combination peels.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Chemexfoliation; Drug Combinations; Epidermis; Ethanol; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Necrosis; Pigmentation Disorders; Resorcinols; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid; Wound Healing

Excessive percutaneous absorption of potentially toxic substances such as menthol and methyl salicylate may occur through local application of heat, such as the use of a heating pad. Menthol and methyl salicylate are found in nonprescription items and used for muscular and arthritic pains. This patient experienced full-thickness skin and muscle necrosis as well as persistent interstitial nephritis as a result of topical application of methyl salicylate and menthol followed by use of a heating pad, despite the manufacturer's warning against the use of heating pads.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Drug Combinations; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Necrosis; Nephritis, Interstitial; Salicylates; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous

Topics: Burns; Humans; Necrosis; Ointments; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Skin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Burns; Debridement; Environment, Controlled; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Ointments; Patient Isolators; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

A young women ingested large amounts of different analgesics, mainly salicylate and paracetamol. On admission about 17 hours later, clearly toxic serum levels of both drugs were demonstrated. She was comatose with respiratory failure for 5 days. During the first day there was a period of several hours of therapy-resistant hyperthermia. A severe bleeding tendency was probably related to profound coagulation defects. Persistingly elevated serum levels of ASAT and ALAT for two weeks were presumably caused by a toxic effect of paracetamol on the liver. When consciousness was regained, widespread pareses of skeletal muscles, predominantly of the lower limbs, were demonstrated. These were related to extensive rhabdomyolysis as evidenced by extremely elevated serums levels of CPK for 6 weeks, and by muscle necrosis in biopsy specimens. There was a gradual improvement, but walking disturbances were still present after one year. The hyperthermia was probably related to the cerebral effects of salicylates or the combination of multiple drugs. The rhabdomyolysis might be related to a deleterious effect of hyperthermia on the muscles or to an effect of paracetamol on the skeletal muscles similar to that which might occur in the myocardium, or to a combination of these mechanisms.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Female; Fever; Humans; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Myoglobinuria; Necrosis; Salicylates; Suicide, Attempted

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzoates; Burns; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Salicylates; Skin

Topics: Bandages; Bulgaria; Burns; Child; Child, Preschool; Germany, East; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Necrosis; Preoperative Care; Salicylates; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Hindlimb; Lactates; Muscles; Necrosis; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Salicylates; Vascular Resistance

Topics: Animals; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Gestational Age; Hemorrhage; Liver Diseases; Mice; Necrosis; Pregnancy; Salicylates; Sodium; Species Specificity

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Benzoates; Burns, Electric; Humans; Malates; Male; Necrosis; Ointments; Paralysis; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Radial Nerve; Salicylates

Topics: Benzoates; Buttocks; Ecthyma; Empirical Research; Geriatrics; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Malates; Necrosis; Propylene Glycols; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Varicose Ulcer