salicylates and Jaundice--Neonatal

Topics: Azo Compounds; Bilirubin; Binding Sites; Bromcresol Green; Bromphenol Blue; Chromatography, Gel; Erythrocytes; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Methods; Phenolsulfonphthalein; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bilirubin; Binding Sites; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Barbiturates; Biological Transport, Active; Breast; Breast Feeding; Caffeine; Chloramphenicol; Contraceptives, Oral; Coumarins; Female; Fluorine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Lactation; Meprobamate; Milk, Human; Models, Biological; Morphine; Nicotine; Pesticides; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenytoin; Potassium Iodide; Pregnancy; Salicylates; Sulfonamides; Time Factors

Topics: Acidosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bilirubin; Blood Transfusion; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Hypoproteinemia; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infections; Infusions, Parenteral; Jaundice, Neonatal; Kernicterus; Liver; Phototherapy; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Steroids; Sulfisoxazole

Topics: Adult; Animals; Aspirin; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Biological Transport; Biotransformation; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Enzyme Induction; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Liver; Phenobarbital; Protein Binding; Rats; Salicylates; Transferases

Three bilirubin binding tests (hydroxybenzene-azobenzoic acid dye binding method, the estimation of unbound bilirubin by horseradish peroxidase assay and the saturation of albumin by the salicylate saturation index) were performed on pre-exchange samples of blood and repeated 24 hours after the procedure. No significant improvement in bilirubin binding was found even in infants receiving as many as four exchange transfusions. Based on these bilirubin binding tests, we find no evidence that the criteria for subsequent exchange transfusions should be different from the first exchange transfusion.

Topics: Azo Compounds; Bilirubin; Binding Sites; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Horseradish Peroxidase; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Methods; Prospective Studies; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Mathematics; Protein Binding; Salicylates

The influence of free fatty acids (FFA's) on the albumin binding of bilirubin was studied in vitro in the plasma of infants with neonatal hyperbilirubineamia and in solutions employing crystalline albumin to which bilirubin and FFA (oleic acid) were added. The bilirubin saturation index (SI) was utilized to distinguish between that fraction of bilirubin bound at the primary (high-affinity) site of albumin and bilirubin bound at secondary sites from which it is easily dissociated by salicylate. The relative saturation of albumin with bilirubin was also measured by addition of salicylate to whole blood samples where bilirubin was also measured by addition of salicylate to whole blood samples where bilirubin dissociated from the albumin could be sequestered by the red cells. The present studies indicate that FFA's influence the binding of bilirubin in two ways. At molar ratios of FFA to albumin (2:1 to 4:1), the FFA's compete with bilirubin for binding at the high-affinity site so that a significant portion of the bilirubin is transported at secondary sites, making it susceptible to displacement by water-soluble organic anions. At high molar ratios (greater than 5:1) FFA's compete with bilirubin for albumin binding at the secondary sites as well. In contrast to crystalline albumin where the first two molar equivalents of FFA do not influence the binding of bilirubin to albumin, all FFA concentrations in hyperbilirubinemic plasma reduce the affinity of albumin for bilirubin at its high-affinity site even though there is a molar excess of albumin over bilirubin.

Topics: Bilirubin; Binding Sites; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Models, Biological; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

Phototherapy of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia was shown to result in an increase in hematocrit values and in the activity of the erythrocyte enzyme acetylsalicylic acid esterase. The elevation of the enzyme activity also could be produced in light-treated rabbits and in vitro after illumination of blood from adult volunteers. The binding of bilirubin to serum albumin and of salicylate to plasma proteins did not alter, nor did the concentrations of albumin or total proteins in plasma. It is concluded that light does not increase the unbound fraction of bilirubin in blood.

Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Bilirubin; Blood Proteins; Esterases; Hematocrit; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Phototherapy; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

30 serum samples from premature and newborn infants with non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia were analyzed to prove the accuracy of determination of albumin binding capacity for bilirubin. The salicylate method of Odell was used to determine the saturation index of albumin indicated by a decrease in optical density through displaced bilirubin. Bilirubin is stoichometrically displaced from albumin by the addition of salicylate. The values of the sautration index correspond to free binding sites. Analysis of our data demonstrated that there is no direct correlation between the saturation index (SI) and total serum bilirubin/albumin concentration quotient. Methodical errors, problems in statistics and other theoretical concepts are discussed. The salicylate method is not suitable for accurate determination of albumin binding capacity for bilirubin.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Methods; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

Topics: Bilirubin; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Kernicterus; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Antipyretics; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Fetal Diseases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice; Jaundice, Neonatal; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; North Carolina; Novobiocin; Pregnancy; Salicylates; Sulfisoxazole; Toxicology; Vitamin K