salicylates and Hypersensitivity

The Ginkgo biloba has astonished scholars globally with enormous bioactives, with sales exceeding $10 billion since 2017. The Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) is an essential part of culinary culture. Nevertheless, toxins in fresh Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) have limited GBSs' daily consumption. Ginkgotoxin and ginkgotoxin-5-glucoside cause poisoning, tonic-clonic convulsions, and neurotoxic effects. Ginkgolic acid causes cytotoxicity and allergies. Allergic glycoprotein in GBS causes nausea, seizures, dyspnea, mydriasis, vomiting, and bellyache. The amygdalin-derived hydrocyanic acid cause dizziness, vomiting, cramping, and sleeping disorders. Food products are frequently exposed to various processing techniques to increase food safety and functionality. As a result, this review focused on the technologies that have been used to minimize toxins in GBS. In addition, a comparison of these techniques was made based on their benefits, drawbacks, feasibility, pharmacological activities, and future direction or opportunities to improve current ones were provided.

Topics: Cyanides; Ginkgo biloba; Glucosides; Glycoproteins; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Plant Extracts; Pyridoxine; Salicylates; Seeds

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Azo Compounds; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Coal Tar; Coloring Agents; Cyclamates; Drug Eruptions; Emulsions; Female; Flavoring Agents; Food Additives; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Legislation, Drug; Metals; Phenolphthaleins; Pigments, Biological; Plants; Pyrazoles; Quinine; Salicylates; United Kingdom

Topics: Acetone; Aminobenzoates; Amodiaquine; Ascorbic Acid; Benzimidazoles; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chloroquine; Dermatologic Agents; Hydrazines; Hypersensitivity; Melanins; Naphthalenes; Nicotinic Acids; Pharmaceutic Aids; Phenols; Photosensitivity Disorders; Pyridines; Quinolines; Radiation Effects; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Absorption; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antipyretics; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Blood Chemical Analysis; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Necrosis; Pharmacology; Phenylbutazone; Proteins; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Protein binding to both salicylate and 3H-labelled prostaglandin-E1 ([3H]PGE1) was examined in the sera of 22 allergic and 16 normal individuals. Protein binding to salicylate (P less than 0.001) and to [3H]PGE1 (P less than 0.01) was significantly greater in the allergic than in the normal group. The nature of the binding sites of salicylate and PGE1 was investigated with two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansylsarcosine as specific marker ligands for established Sites I and II, found to be specific for anionic drugs. The serum protein of 11 allergic subjects showed a higher binding at Site I (P less than 0.05) and a lower binding at Site II (P less than 0.05) than that of seven normal subjects. Salicylate and [3H]PGE1 bound competitively at the two sites. It was concluded, when comparing allergic to normal subjects, that the high protein binding of allergic individuals to salicylate and PGE1 could be attributed to qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the lipophilic substances which are tightly bound to the albumin of normal sera, causing a reduction in binding ability at Site I.

Topics: Alprostadil; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Dansyl Compounds; Dialysis; Fluorescence; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Sarcosine; Serum Albumin

The binding of serum protein to salicylate was measured by a Sephadex batch method in the serum of 82 allergic individuals, 30 members of their families, and 24 normals. Subjects with the immediate types of allergy exhibited a significantly (p less than 0.001) increased binding ability corrected for albumin (Alb). The members of their families also showed significantly (p less than 0.005) elevated binding, but this was lower than in the allergic subjects themselves. The binding study with serum proteins fractionated with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 from both allergic and normal subjects using 14C-labeled salicylate showed that the salicylate molecule binds exclusively to Alb. No correlation was observed between the binding ability corrected for Alb and the serum Alb concentration in allergic and normal subjects. From the evidence obtained, there seems to be a certain underlying diathesis related to the Alb binding ability to endogenous inflammatory substances, which may back up the consequences of allergic reactions among allergic individuals.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Middle Aged; Prealbumin; Rheumatic Fever; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Urticaria

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

Topics: Acetaminophen; Antidotes; Arthritis, Juvenile; Aspirin; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemostasis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Kinetics; Pregnancy; Salicylates; Stomach

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Beryllium; Cell Migration Inhibition; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dermatitis, Contact; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Immunodiffusion; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Macrophages; Salicylates; Skin Tests; Solubility

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dehydration; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypokalemia; Salicylates; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Stomach Ulcer; Urticaria

Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Capillary Permeability; Cattle; Guinea Pigs; Histones; Hypersensitivity; Leukocytes; Male; Monocytes; Salicylates

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Salicylates; Viral Vaccines

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Analgesics; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Formaldehyde; Guanidine; Guanidines; Guanine; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Salicylates; Serum; Sodium Salicylate; Urea

Topics: Animals; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates; Shock; Sodium Salicylate; Tissue Extracts

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Gluconate; Calcium, Dietary; Cortisone; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Lymph Nodes; Rabbits; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Cortisone; Edema; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Pituitary Diseases; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Glucocorticoids; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Salicylamides; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Antipyrine; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Glycogen; Glycogenolysis; Hypersensitivity; Liver; Muscles; Rabbits; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Aspirin; Histamine; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Aspirin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Tests

Topics: Aminopyrine; Anaphylaxis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Blood Vessels; Diphenhydramine; Heart; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Myocardium; Salicylates

Topics: Arteritis; Biomedical Research; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates; Serum Sickness; Vaccines

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Aspirin; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Arthus Reaction; Hypersensitivity; Salicylates; Sodium Compounds; Sodium Salicylate; Tripelennamine

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Antipyrine; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Aspirin; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Aspirin; Asthma; Drug Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity; Salicylates

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Rabbits; Salicylates; Serum Sickness; Vaccines

Topics: Aminopyrine; Anaphylaxis; Antipyrine; Asthma; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates