salicylates and Heart-Diseases

A poor therapeutic response may be explained by incomplete or erroneous diagnostic assessment, by failure to employ optimal drug doses and combinations, or by inadequate attention to the non-pharmacologic aspects of management. Poor compliance and counterproductive patient attitudes may need to be addressed. These problems and the approach to asthma concomitant with other diseases are discussed.

Topics: Asthma; Diabetes Complications; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyspnea, Paroxysmal; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hyperventilation; Occupational Diseases; Patient Compliance; Physician-Patient Relations; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Sympathomimetics; Theophylline; Thyroid Diseases

Gene expression profiles of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with a standardized willow bark extract (WB), its salicin rich ethanol fraction (EtOH-FR) or the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine were evaluated for their potential to induce adverse events. Treatments had shown antidepressant-like effects.. Gene expression profiles (Agilent Whole Genome Array, n=4/group) obtained from the peripheral blood of male SD rats treated with WB (STW 33-I), EtOH-FR (30 mg/kg bw) or imipramine (20 mg/kg bw) were analysed comparatively by the Ingenuity Systems Programme, which allows to conduct model calculations of thresholds for theoretical potential adverse events (AE).. The number of genes regulated by the three treatments were 1673 (WB), 117 (EtOH-FR) and 1733 (imipramine). The three treatments related to 47 disease clusters. The WB extract reached the threshold for a potential AE in one disease cluster (cardiac hypertrophy), whereas the EtOH-FR exceeded the threshold in 5 disease clusters (cardiac arteriopathy and stenosis, glomerular injury, pulmonary hypertension, alkaline phosphatase levels ⇑). Imipramine treatment hit 13 disease clusters: tachycardia, palpitation, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart block, precipitation of congestive heart failure; urinary retention, altered liver functions. Those correspond to known potential adverse events. Glomerular injury and altered liver functions are part of the side effect profile of salicylic acid derivatives in agreement with the findings for the salicin rich EtOH-FR.. There is no linear relationship between the number of constituents of a drug (preparation) and the number of different targets hit in a biological system on the gene expression level. Therefore, the number of genetic targets in a biological system does not necessarily increase with the complexity of the treatment corresponding to the non-linear behaviour of biological systems. Regarding gene expression levels AE of single treatments are not necessarily additive in combination treatments. The applied method appears to be an interesting screening tool for the prediction of potential AE. The phenomena that imipramine crossed the potential threshold for AEs several times whereas the WB extract did reach the threshold level only once, however not backed by clinical data for this AE, deserves to be further investigated. It questions the commonly assumed principle that substances with low number or without AE will have a poor efficacy.

Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Benzyl Alcohols; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Ethanol; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucosides; Heart Diseases; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Imipramine; Male; Nephritis; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salicylates

To evaluate the adequacy to thromboembolic disease prophylaxis protocol in patients with heart disease.. Cross-sectional study.. Patients older than 14 years affected of heart disease in a semi-urban health primary-care clinic with a population of 10,610 persons and 5582 clinical records.. Data about age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, heart disease, prophylactic treatment and its adequacy to the protocol of the "thromboembolic disease commission" of the reference hospital were analysed.. Age 67 +/- 13 years (mean +/- SD). Cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension 40%, diabetes 33%, dyslipemia 15%, smoking 21%. Heart disease: ischemic cardiopathy 48%, atrial fibrillation 15%, valvulopathy 19%, dilated myocardiopathy 4% and other 14%. In 20% of cases had two different affections (80% with atrial fibrillation). Prophylactic therapy: 52% of patients were under prophylactic treatment (35% antiaggregation, 18% anticoagulation). Among antiaggregants, drugs used were acetylsalicylic acid 73.5%, triflusal 14.7%, dipyridamole, 8.8% and ticlopidine 3%. In 53% of people without prophylactic treatment antiaggregation criteria were present. 15% of patient under antiaggregation therapy did not meet antiaggregation criteria, and 6% fulfilled anticoagulation criteria. 67% treatments accorded the reference protocol, without significant differences between kind of heart disease or sex. The only statistically significant difference was found in age: 46% of patients older than 80 year were correctly treated, in front 75% adequacy in younger people.. Prophylactic antithrombotic therapy was according the reference protocol in 67% of cases. In older patients, with greater risk of thromboembolic disease, the adequacy is worse.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dipyridamole; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Risk Factors; Salicylates; Sex Factors; Thromboembolism; Ticlopidine

Topics: Aspirin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Pregnancy; Salicylates; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Animals; Chlortetracycline; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Glucose; Heart Diseases; Hemorrhage; Male; Prothrombin Time; Rats; Salicylates; Sucrose; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome; Vitamin K

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Heart Diseases; Hemodynamics; Hyperkalemia; Lactates; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardium; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Potassium; Salicylates; Uncoupling Agents

Topics: Animals; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Heart Diseases; Lactates; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Salicylates

Topics: Animals; Catecholamines; Dogs; Heart Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Animals; Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Aspirin; Brain Diseases; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Coma; Fatty Liver; Heart Diseases; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Salicylates; Toxicology; Viscera

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Brain Stem; Encephalitis; Heart Diseases; Humans; Paralysis; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Heart Diseases; Pericarditis; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates

Topics: Ascomycota; Bulgaria; Communication; Heart Diseases; Humans; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates

Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Disease; Heart; Heart Diseases; Joint Diseases; Myocardium; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Heart Diseases; Inactivation, Metabolic; Myocarditis; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Salicylates