salicylates and Halitosis

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Drug Combinations; Halitosis; Humans; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Salicylates; Terpenes

To determine whether site-specific mouth rinsing with oral disinfectants can improve oral odor beyond the traditional panoral mouth disinfection with mouth rinses by targeting specifically oral malodor implicated anaerobic bacteria.. Twenty healthy fasting subjects volunteered for a blinded prospective, descriptive correlational crossover cross-section clinical trial conducted during the month of Ramadan between July and August 2013 in Albaha province in Saudi Arabia involving the application of Listerine Cool Mint mouth rinse by either the traditional panoral rinsing method, or a site-specific disinfection method targeting the subgingival and supragingival plaque and the posterior third of the tongue dorsum, while avoiding the remaining locations within the oral cavity. The viable anaerobic and aerobic bacterial counts, volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) levels, organoleptic assessment of oral odor, and the tongue-coating index were compared at baseline, one, 5, and 9 hours after the treatment.. The site-specific disinfection method reduced the VSCs and anaerobic bacterial loads while keeping the aerobic bacterial numbers higher than the traditional panoral rinsing method.. Site-specific disinfection can more effectively maintain a healthy oral cavity by predominantly disinfecting the niches of anaerobic bacteria within the oral cavity.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Load; Cross-Over Studies; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Halitosis; Humans; Male; Microbial Viability; Middle Aged; Odorants; Salicylates; Saudi Arabia; Sulfur Compounds; Terpenes; Tongue; Volatile Organic Compounds; Young Adult

The primary aim of this study was to compare a new mouthwash (SB12®) containing 0.025% chlorhexidine and 0.3% zinc for oral malodor reduction against four commercially available mouthwashes and negative control. A secondary aim was to compare the two methods for measuring volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) by halimetry and OralChroma..   Organoleptic scale, halimeter and the OralChroma were used to assess oral malodour and VSC. The effects of five test formulations and water (negative control) were assessed after 30, 60, 90 and 180 min, with 1 week between the treatments to avoid any cross-over effect..   Reduction in H(2) S by halimetry and malodour levels by organoleptic assessment ranged from, slight (LacerFresh®) (P > 0.05), moderate (BreathRx®, SmartMouth® (P < 0.01) to marked effects (SB12®, Listerine®) (P < 0.001) at all time points compared with water. The largest differences were observed at 30 min and decreased with time. SB12® showed separation from Listerine® at 180 min, using ANOVA plus Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison post-test (P < 0.05). Relationships between organoleptic, halimeter and OralChroma were between R² = 0.795 and 0.926..  SB12 shows a consistent and reproducible inhibitory effect on oral malodor parameters, which in turn correlate well with each other.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzoic Acid; Betaine; Cetylpyridinium; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chlorhexidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Halitosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Salicylates; Smell; Sulfur Compounds; Terpenes; Time Factors; Triclosan; Volatile Organic Compounds; Young Adult; Zinc

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Gingivitis; Halitosis; Humans; Mouthwashes; Salicylates; Terpenes

AIM, BACKGROUND: Oral malodour (halitosis) is generally ascribable to oral microbial putrefaction generating malodorous volatile sulphur compounds which predominantly comprise dihydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan. This study assesses the relative effectiveness of 6 oral health care products in reducing oral cavity volatile sulphur compound concentrations.. A mixed model 3-factor factorial experimental design involving 6 volunteers, 7 treatment regimens (products I-VI* and water placebo) and 5 time-points (0.00-5.29 h) was undertaken. Electron-donating volatile sulphur compound levels were determined in triplicate using a sulphide monitor (Interscan model 1170) both prior to (0.00 h) and following oral rinsing (20 ml of 5 of the products) or chewing (2 capsules of the remaining product) episodes with each product examined (0.29, 1.29, 2.29 and 5.29 h post-administration).. Results were recorded as peak and steady-state volatile sulphur compound equivalents (ppb). With the exception of one of the products, each oral health care product tested was found to reproducibly reduce volatile sulphur compound concentrations within 20 min of treatment; the mean % decreases in peak (and corresponding steady-state) levels ranging from 3.6 (0.0) to 16.8 (16.4)%. Subsequently, volatile sulphur compound concentrations returned to their zero-control (baseline) values within 5 h, the rate of this regression being in the reverse of the order observed for the magnitude of the primary 20 min reduction for both peak and steady-state measurements. As expected, the water placebo exerted no influence on oral cavity volatile sulphur compound levels. The most effective oral health care products contained admixtures of chlorite anion and chlorine dioxide (both of these agents have the ability to directly oxidise volatile sulphur compounds to non-malodorous products and the latter is also powerfully cidal towards odourigenic micro-organisms).. We therefore conclude that oral health care products containing such oxohalogen oxidants may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of oral malodour.

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Capsules; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorides; Chlorine; Chlorine Compounds; Confidence Intervals; Drug Combinations; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Halitosis; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Male; Mastication; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Placebos; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfur Compounds; Terpenes; Time Factors; Water

To evaluate the efficacy of Listerine, a solution for washing the oral cavity consisting of essential oils (thymol, methanol, eukalyptol) and methyl salicylate, minimum concentrations inhibiting the growth of various microorganisms in the oral cavity and the bactericidal effects on bacteria in the saliva and dental plaque were evaluated in vitro. Listerine inhibited the growth of microorganisms over a very broad range. The minimum concentration inhibiting growth of Listerine was a 4 to 32 fold dilution, 2-4 times as potent as the solution after elimination of active ingredient components, in 38 of 54 bacterial strains, indicating the efficacy of the active ingredient in the inhibition of the growth of microorganisms. Bactericidal action of Listerine against from bacteria isolated from saliva and dental plaque from 5 healthy normal subjects was tested. Listerine exhibited a potent bactericidal effect on bacteria in saliva and dental plaque. Most of the bacteria died after a 30 second exposure to Listerine. According to these results, Listerine appears to be effective as a solution used for cleansing the oral cavity and dentures.

Topics: Bacteria; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Halitosis; Humans; Mouthwashes; Salicylates; Saliva; Terpenes