salicylates and Glycosuria

Topics: Bilirubin; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Cystinuria; Glycosuria; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketone Bodies; Occult Blood; Phenylketonurias; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Urinalysis; Urine

An on-column affinity smart polymer gel glucose sensor was developed as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. A copolymer of 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid and acrylamide, the so called "smart polymer", was synthesized in situ in a 5 cm long capillary tube with a detection window to provide the on-column detection. The optical density of this semitransparent affinity smart polymer gel, coated inside the tube, decreased with increasing glucose concentration and was detected using a UV-vis detector at 500 nm. The capillary tube was incorporated into a flow injection system. Under optimum conditions, a linear dynamic range of 0.5-16.0mM with a limit of detection of 0.5mM (S/N ≥ 3) was obtained. A single coated affinity smart polymer gel had good stability for up to 250 consecutive injections with relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The analysis time for each injection was 6 min. Ten glucose samples prepared in distilled water were analyzed by the developed method and the results compared well with those obtained from the conventional dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method (P>0.05). Real urine samples with known glucose levels were analyzed and the developed sensor provided comparable results to those from the normal strip test technique. Acceptable percentage recoveries, ranging from 88 ± 2% to 103 ± 4% from the spiked urine sample, were obtained.

Topics: Buffers; Capillary Electrochromatography; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flow Injection Analysis; Gels; Glucose; Glycosuria; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Optical Phenomena; Polymers; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates

Experimental evidence suggests that the oxidative metabolites 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DIOH) may be responsible for the nephrotoxicity of salicylic acid (SAL). In the present study, enzymuria in conjunction with glucose (GLU) and protein (PRO) excretion were used as endpoints to compare the relative nephrotoxicity of SAL with 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH. In addition, the effect of age on enzymuria and GLU and PRO excretion following treatment with SAL or 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH was investigated because the elderly are at greater risk for SAL-induced nephrotoxicity. Three and 12-month male Fischer 344 rats were administered either no treatment, vehicle, SAL, 2,3-DIOH, or 2,5-DIOH at 500 mg/kg p.o. in 5 ml/kg corn oil/DMSO (5:1). Effects of these treatments on functional integrity of renal tissue was assessed from 0--72 h after dosing by measurement of urinary creatinine, GLU, and PRO, as well as excretion of proximal and distal tubular renal enzymes. Enzymes measured as indicators of proximal tubular damage were N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP), while urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured as indicators of distal tubular damage. In comparison to 3-month vehicle-treated rats, 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH caused a significant increase between 0-8 h in excretion of urinary GLU and activities of AST, NAG, and LD, with peak effects occurring between 4-8 h. Toxic effects of either metabolite were not evident beyond 24 h, and toxicity of 2,5-DIOH was significantly greater in comparison to 2,3-DIOH. SAL treatment resulted in similar effects on enzymuria as well as GLU and PRO excretion, but peak effects did not occur until 16-24 h, and often persisted until 72 h after dosing. Maximal enzymuria in response to SAL treatment was significantly greater in 12- vs. 3-month rats for AST, NAG, and LD. In response to 2,3-DIOH treatment, the maximal response was significantly greater in 12- vs. 3-month rats for LD and AST, and for NAG in response to 2,5-DIOH treatment. The results of this study suggest that both 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH are nephrotoxic metabolites of SAL, but implicate 2,5-DIOH as the more potent nephrotoxic metabolite. The relative lack of an age effect for 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH vs. SAL supports the hypothesis [2] that age-related differences in biotransformation of SAL, and not increased tissue sensitivity to 2,3- or 2,5-DIOH, contribute t

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Administration, Oral; Aging; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Gentisates; Glycosuria; Hydroxybenzoates; Kidney; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Experimental diabetes can be produced by agents with specific toxicity for pancreatic islet B cells. This effect has been reported to be modified both in vitro and in vivo by various radical scavengers including the enzyme superoxide dismutase. Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 is lipophilic and possesses superoxide dismutase bioactivity. Prior administration of this compound to male rats appeared to attenuate the severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes as assessed by glycosuria and glucose tolerance. Diisopropylsalicylate, which has no superoxide dismutase activity, did not alter the severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats treated with the copper complex, with streptozotocin or with a combination of the two agents gained 50% less weight than untreated controls, or rats treated with diisopropylsalicylate. The attenuation of diabetes by the copper-complex may represent partial protection of the B cells against streptozotocin damage, although an extrapancreatic, toxic effect cannot be ruled out.

Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycosuria; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salicylates; Streptozocin; Superoxide Dismutase

Diabur-test 5000, a new test strip for estimation of urinary glucose, was compared with the hexokinase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method in more than 2500 urine samples. By combination of two test ranges glucose concentrations of up to 5% can be detected by the strip test. After a reading time of 2 minutes, very precise estimation of urinary glucose is possible in eight steps from negative to 5%. False estimations of more than one color step virtually do not occur. Ketone bodies, salicylic acid and several antibiotics do not influence the test strip. Ascorbic acid shows a slight influence only in concentrations above 40 mg/dl. This influence disappears with glucose concentrations of more than 0.5%. Good correlation with the reference method, wide range of readings and simple handling make the test strip suited for the laboratory and particularly for self control of diabetic patients.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Diabetes Mellitus; Glycosuria; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Ketone Bodies; Reagent Strips; Salicylates

Topics: Allopurinol; Amino Acids; Aspirin; Autoanalysis; Creatinine; Glycosuria; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Neoplasms; Phosphates; Porphobilinogen; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Purines; Salicylates; Uric Acid; Xanthine Oxidase

Topics: Autoanalysis; Colorimetry; Glycosuria; Humans; Nitroso Compounds; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry

Topics: Autoanalysis; Blood Glucose; Ethanol; Glucose; Glycosuria; Methods; Salicylates

Topics: Acetone; Biguanides; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Diet Therapy; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycosuria; Holidays; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Interpersonal Relations; Prediabetic State; Salicylates; Sports; Travel

Topics: Blood Glucose; Glycosuria; Methods; Salicylates

Topics: Amino Acids; Gentisates; Glucuronates; Glutamates; Glycosuria; Kidney; Metabolism; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Proteinuria; Rats; Renal Aminoacidurias; Research; Salicylates; Toxicology; Urine

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Aspirin; Glycosuria; Rats; Salicylates

Topics: Animals; Cortisone; Glycosuria; Hyperglycemia; Rats; Salicylates

Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glycogen; Glycosuria; Liver Glycogen; Rats; Salicylates