salicylates and Gingival-Hemorrhage

This randomized, single center, examiner-blind, controlled, parallel-group, 6-month clinical study compared the antiplaque/antigingivitis potential of an essential oil (EO) versus a 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-containing mouthrinse. A 5% hydroalcohol solution was included as a control group.. 354 healthy volunteers (18-71 years of age) were enrolled in this clinical trial; 338 subjects completed the study. At baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month visits, subjects received an oral examination, gingivitis (MGI), gingival bleeding (BI) and plaque assessments (PI). Following randomization, subjects received a prophylaxis and began brushing twice daily with the provided fluoride toothpaste and rinsing twice daily with 20 mL of the assigned mouthrinse for 30 seconds.. All rinses were well tolerated by the subjects, with the exception of extrinsic tooth stain complaints in 13 subjects in the CPC group between the 3- and 6-month exams. Statistically significant reductions in gingivitis, bleeding and plaque were observed for both EO and CPC at all post-baseline time-points when compared to the negative control. At 6 months MGI and PI were reduced by 42.6% and 42.0% for EO and by 17.1% and 13.9% respectively, for CPC vs. control. When compared to CPC, EO was statistically significantly superior at all post-baseline time-points. EO showed increasing reductions in MGI of 10.5%, 20.3% and 30.7% as well as reductions in PI of 12.7%, 23.7% and 32.6% at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. When analyzing the number of healthy sites (MGI scores of 0 or 1), the beneficial effect of the EO-containing mouthrinse is 45.8% greater than using a CPC-containing mouthrinse and 59.8% greater than placebo.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cetylpyridinium; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Periodontal Index; Placebos; Salicylates; Single-Blind Method; Terpenes; Tooth Discoloration; Young Adult

The use of chlorhexidine and povidone iodine solutions applied as a coolant during ultrasonic root debridement for the treatment of chronic periodontitis has been described. Hitherto, this application has not yet been extensively investigated for essential oil solutions. The goal was to clinically explore this and to compare to water irrigation.. Thirty-five chronic periodontitis patients participated in a single-blind randomized controlled clinical study. Patients were randomly allocated to the control group (n=18) or test group (n=17) receiving oral hygiene instructions and ultrasonic root debridement using water as a coolant, respectively, a pure essential oil solution. Oral hygiene was reinforced if necessary at each occasion, and clinical parameters were collected at baseline and after 1 and 3 months.. Significant pocket reduction (control, 1.02 mm; test, 0.89 mm) and clinical attachment gain (control and test, 0.48 mm) were shown in both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the groups at any point in time for any of the parameters.. Essential oil solutions do not offer a clinical benefit over water when used as a coolant during ultrasonic root debridement for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cariostatic Agents; Chronic Periodontitis; Cryotherapy; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Diamines; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluorides; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oils, Volatile; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Root Planing; Salicylates; Single-Blind Method; Terpenes; Therapeutic Irrigation; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Ultrasonic Therapy; Water

This 3-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the clinical and microbial effects of an essential oil mouth rinse used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control by patients in supportive periodontal care.. Fifty patients were randomly allocated to an essential oil group (Listerine(®) Coolmint; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) or placebo group to rinse twice per day as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control. At baseline and after 3 months, plaque index (PI), gingivitis index (GI), probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BoP) and clinical attachment level were registered. Subgingival plaque samples were collected for the detection and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Micromonas micros, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium genus and Streptococcus mutans by means of real-time PCR (qPCR). Patient's compliance, satisfaction and side effects were registered.. Twenty-three patients in the essential oil group (mean age: 57) and 21 in the placebo group (mean age: 55) with acceptable oral hygiene at intake (mean PI <1.5 on a scale of 5) adhered to the study protocol. Gingivitis index, PI and BoP significantly reduced over time (P ≤ 0.029); however, between group analyses revealed no significant differences. There was no significant change over time neither in detection frequency nor load for any of the microbiota. Daily rinsing with an essential oil rinse was found safe and perceived beneficial by the patients.. Patients in supportive periodontal care who are fairly compliant with oral hygiene may not benefit from additional mouth rinsing using an essential oil solution.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteroides; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fusobacterium; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Patient Satisfaction; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Placebos; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Salicylates; Streptococcus mutans; Terpenes; Treatment Outcome; Treponema denticola

Gingivitis is a chronic inflammatory condition, resulting from gingival bacteria and bacterial byproducts. Antiplaque oral rinses reduce inflammation by removing or inhibiting plaque formation. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of HM-302, a mouth rinse based on natural products, on gingival inflammation.. A prospective, double-blinded, randomized parallel-group controlled trial involving 62 patients was conducted to assess efficacy and safety. During a 2-week period with no dental hygiene, subjects were randomized to receive either the study rinse (HM-302); a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) rinse; an essential oils (EO) rinse; or a water-only preparation. The gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and number of bleeding sites were measured at baseline and at the end of the study period.. Progression of gingival inflammation resulting from lack of dental hygiene was lowest in patients treated with the HM-302 rinse, and was significantly less marked than in patients treated with the water-only preparation. When compared to the CPC and EO treatments, HM-302 was the only mouth rinse that was significantlybetter than the control, with respect to both the change in absolute GI scores (p = .006) and to the percent increase in GI scores (p = .012). No serious adverse effects were noted in any of the study groups.. HM-302 is a safe and effective treatment for preventing the development of gingival inflammation in an experimental gingivitis model. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effects.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Centella; Cetylpyridinium; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Echinacea; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Phytotherapy; Pilot Projects; Placebos; Plant Extracts; Prospective Studies; Safety; Salicylates; Sambucus nigra; Terpenes; Treatment Outcome; Triterpenes; Young Adult

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with essential oils (EOs) of residual periodontal pockets.. Sixty-four individuals with chronic periodontitis were invited to participate in this randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. All subjects received non-surgical periodontal therapy. After re-evaluation (baseline), residual pockets (pocket depth ≥5 mm) received test (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with EOs) or control therapy (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with negative control). Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (R), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque were assessed at baseline and after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Differences between groups and changes over the course of time were analysed according to a generalized linear model.. There was a significant reduction in PPD and BOP, as well as a significant CAL gain in the two groups (p<0.001). Nevertheless, there were no differences between the groups at any time of the study. When only initially deep pockets (PPD ≥7 mm) were analysed, a significantly greater CAL gain (p=0.03) and PPD reduction (p=0.01) was observed in the test group.. The adjunctive use of EOs may promote significant CAL gain and PPD reduction in deep residual pockets.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chronic Periodontitis; Cyclohexanols; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Eucalyptol; Eucalyptus; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingival Recession; Humans; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Placebos; Salicylates; Subgingival Curettage; Terpenes; Therapeutic Irrigation; Thymol; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonic Therapy

Assess the effectiveness of chemical-mechanical control associated with orientation and motivation for the control of dental biofilm in orthodontic patients.. Thirty patients between 12 and 21 years of age wearing a fixed orthodontic appliance were divided into three groups. The control group (G1) received orientation regarding oral hygiene. The experimental groups (G2 and G3) received orientation regarding oral hygiene and diet as well as a hygiene kit and mouthwash; the mouthwash given to G2 was a placebo and that given to G3 contained essential oils (Listerine).. In the comparison between T0 and T60, vestibular gingivitis was worse in G1 (p<0.05), with no statistically significant differences regarding lingual gingivitis and biofilm. G2 and G3 exhibited a significant improvement in clinical conditions. In the comparison between groups, G3 had undergone a significantly greater improvement than the other groups.. The use of the commercial mouthwash, together with mechanical oral hygiene, orientation, and motivation, proved to be adequate conduct for the maintenance of oral health in orthodontic patients.. The present study contributes toward the maintenance of oral health in patients who wear a fixed orthodontic appliance through the prevention of dental biofilm buildup.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biofilms; Child; Dental Devices, Home Care; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Feeding Behavior; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Motivation; Mouthwashes; Oral Hygiene; Orthodontic Appliances; Patient Education as Topic; Placebos; Salicylates; Terpenes; Toothbrushing; Young Adult

To compare the safety and the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of two oral rinses.. A randomized, double-blind, parallel groups, single-center study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a high bioavailable, alcohol-free 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) rinse (Crest Pro-Health Rinse) and a positive control rinse containing essential oils (EO) and 21.6% ethyl alcohol (Cool Mint Listerine). Seventy-eight healthy adults were enrolled in a modified experimental gingivitis clinical trial. Four weeks before the baseline visit, subjects received a prophylaxis and were instructed to brush twice daily in a manner to approach optimum gingival health. At the end of the 4-week period, subjects were randomly assigned to treatment and instructed to use 20 ml of their assigned product for 30 seconds after brushing twice daily during a 21-day treatment phase. Plaque removal by brushing was prevented during the treatment phase for one mandibular quadrant (experimental gingivitis region) by means of a specially-manufactured tooth shield. Safety and efficacy measurements were obtained at baseline and at the end-of-treatment using the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (MQH). At all visits, an oral soft tissue examination was performed for each subject. The efficacy data obtained in the experimental gingivitis region were analyzed with analysis of covariance.. Seventy-five subjects completed the study and were included in the data analyses. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two treatment groups for MGI, GBI or MQH measures. Results were similar for shielded interproximal sites. Both treatments were well-tolerated.. This randomized, controlled comparative clinical trial demonstrated that rinsing twice daily with the experimental alcohol-free 0.07% CPC rinse provides antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy similar to that of the positive control EO rinse, a recognized antiplaque and antigingivitis mouthrinse that contains alcohol.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cetylpyridinium; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Safety; Salicylates; Terpenes

Mechanical methods of oral hygiene can be complemented by the use of chemotherapeutic mouthrinses. The authors sought to quantify the additional benefit provided by an essential oil-, or EO-, containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis in patients who brush and floss regularly.. The authors randomly assigned patients with gingivitis to one of three treatment groups: brushing and rinsing with a control mouthrinse, or BC; brushing, flossing and rinsing with a control mouthrinse, or BFC; or brushing, flossing and rinsing with an EO-containing mouthrinse, or BFEO. Patients received a dental prophylaxis at baseline, and the authors followed them for six months.. Of 246 enrolled subjects enrolled in the study, 237 subjects were evaluable at the study's conclusion. After six months, the subjects using the BFEO regimen had statistically and clinically significant lower mean Modified Gingival Index, or MGI, scores and Plaque Index, or PI, scores than did subjects in the BC group (29.9 percent and 56.3 percent, respectively; P < .001). Subjects in the BFC group had statistically significantly lower mean MGI and PI scores than did subjects in the BC group (11.2 percent and 9.3 percent, respectively; P < .001). Subjects in the BFEO group exhibited statistically and clinically significantly lower mean scores for MGI and PI than did subjects in the BFC group (21 percent and 51.9 percent, respectively; P < .001).. This study confirms that for patients with gingivitis who brush and floss routinely, the adjunctive use of an EO-containing mouthrinse provides a clinically significant and meaningful additional benefit in reducing plaque and gingivitis.. An EO-containing mouthrinse is an effective adjunct to regular brushing and flossing. Therefore, the BFEO regimen can be beneficial for patients with gingival inflammation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Devices, Home Care; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dentifrices; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Periodontal Index; Salicylates; Single-Blind Method; Terpenes; Toothbrushing

The efficacy of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic, Pfizer) and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice (Colgate Total, Colgate-Palmolive) has been demonstrated in numerous double-blind clinical studies. This study was conducted to determine their comparative efficacy.. Three hundred sixteen subjects with mild-to-moderate gingival inflammation and plaque received a dental prophylaxis and began their randomly assigned brushing and rinsing regimen in an unsupervised setting. Subjects brushed for one minute and rinsed with 20 milliliters for 30 seconds twice daily for six months. The three groups were L (control toothpaste/Listerine rinse), T (Colgate Total toothpaste/control rinse) and P (control toothpaste/control rinse).. Subjects in the L and T groups demonstrated statistically significantly lower (P < .001) Modified Gingival Index, or MGI; Bleeding Index, or BI; and Plaque Index, or PI, at both three and six months than subjects in the P group. The magnitude of reduction for the L group was 22.9 percent, 70 percent and 56.1 percent, respectively, and for the T group, 20.8 percent, 58 percent and 22.1 percent, respectively. Subjects in the L group were not different from subjects in the T group in regard to visual signs of gingivitis (MGI), but were more effective (P < .001) than subjects in the T group in experiencing reduced BI and PI. No product-related adverse events were reported.. Although the Listerine Antiseptic and Colgate Total antiplaque/antigingivitis products produced similar, clinically significant reductions in gingivitis (as measured by MGI and BI), Listerine, when used in conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice and usual oral hygiene, provided a greater benefit in reducing plaque.. When considering an antiplaque/antigingivitis product to recommend to patients, clinicians should consider Listerine Antiseptic, in conjunction with usual oral hygiene, if more rigorous plaque control is desired.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cariostatic Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Complex Mixtures; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluorides; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Periodontal Index; Salicylates; Silicic Acid; Statistics as Topic; Terpenes; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Triclosan

Sixty-six adults were examined in a double-bind study which examined the effect of an antimicrobial agent delivered by an oral irrigating device. Each subject received a randomized half mouth dental prophylaxis. The Gingival Index, gingival crevicular fluid volume, Plaque Index, Modified Papillary Bleeding Index, probing pocket depth, and probing attachment levels were determined at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. The composition of the subgingival microflora in the prophied and non-prophied quadrants was examined by phase contrast microscopy and by immunofluorescence. This study demonstrates that an antimicrobial product delivered by an oral irrigating device could result in significant reductions in plaque, bacterial cell counts, and gingival bleeding and may, therefore, be an effective adjunct to normal oral hygiene.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Dental Plaque; Dental Prophylaxis; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Gingiva; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Pilot Projects; Salicylates; Terpenes; Therapeutic Irrigation

A randomized double-blind crossover design study using 25 patients requiring bilateral gingival flap surgery was completed. The effect of rinsing postsurgically three times daily with an antimicrobial mouthrinse or physiological saline on dental plaque formation, gingival inflammation, bleeding, wound healing, and patient comfort was evaluated at 7, 14 and 28 days. The antimicrobial rinse was statistically significantly 28.9% more effective than saline at seven days for reducing plaque. It was also significantly more effective for improving wound healing at day 7 as measured by edema (p less than 0.04). There were no significant differences in gingival index scores or bleeding at any time period. Use of an antimicrobial mouthrinse may be an effective aid in early healing of gingival flap surgery wounds.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Gingiva; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Pain, Postoperative; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Salicylates; Surgical Flaps; Terpenes; Wound Healing

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biofilms; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorhexidine; Chlorine Compounds; Dental Caries; Dental Hygienists; Drug Combinations; Evidence-Based Dentistry; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Mouthwashes; Oxides; Patient Participation; Patient Preference; Professional-Patient Relations; Salicylates; Terpenes; Xerostomia; Young Adult