salicylates and Ear-Diseases

Ototoxicity of drugs is still an important problem in the management of many disorders. Some issues of inner ear impairment following administration of antibiotics, cytostatics, salicylates and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are presented in the article. Some of the clinical symptoms indicative to the possibility of complications in the inner ear: tinnitus, hearing loss, giddiness and vertigo. Negative side effects of drugs might occur after general as well as in local treatment, e.g. ear drops. Antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group reveal a particularly high ototoxicity. The risk of the occurrence of ototoxicity increases in patients with kidney and inner ear disorders, treated with more than one ototoxic drug and in patients over 65 years and under 3 years of age. Prophylactics against complications consists of analysis of indications of treatment with the above mentioned drugs, its proper dosage, knowledge of the risk groups, daily observation on the patient and monitoring of the hearing and balance organs. Treatment of complications usually does not result in positive effects.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Child, Preschool; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Ear Diseases; Female; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Salicylates

Thirty-six patients with symptoms of impacted ear wax were recruited to an open, randomized, parallel group study of 'Audax' ear drops and 'Earex' ear drops. Patients had had their symptoms for several weeks and they were assessed on entry for the degree of impaction in each ear. After using the drops, morning and evening for 4 days, they were assessed on the fifth day for degree of impaction, ease of syringing, side-effects or discomfort, and the investigator's and patient's own global impression of efficacy of the ear drops. A trend was seen showing less impaction post-treatment in the 'Audax' group than in the 'Earex' group although the difference did not reach statistical significance. A significant difference was seen in favour of 'Audax' for the frequency and ease of syringing (p < 0.005). No patients in the 'Audax' group reported any side-effect or discomfort although 1 patient using 'Earex' reported slight irritation whilst another found the smell unacceptable. The results of the investigators' and patients' own global impression of efficacy were significantly in favour of 'Audax' ear drops (p < 0.01).

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerumen; Drug Combinations; Ear Canal; Ear Diseases; Female; Glycerol; Glycols; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plant Oils; Salicylates

A parallel group, single-blind, randomized study was carried out in a general practice to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of two ear drop preparations ('Audax' and 'Cerumol') in the softening of ear wax in 50 adult patients with impacted or hardened ear wax. Assessments were made on entry of the amount, colour and consistency of the ear wax, symptoms, and objective hearing. Patients were then allocated at random to receive one or other preparation and instructed to use the drops, morning and evening, for 4 days after which they were reassessed. Details were recorded of any side-effects or discomfort caused by the study medication and both physician and patients were asked to give their overall opinion of treatment efficacy. Both treatments were shown to be effective in the softening of ear wax and were well tolerated, there being no significant difference between the two groups in these parameters. However, patients who had abnormal hearing before treatment had a significantly greater improvement in objective hearing after treatment with 'Audax' ear drops compared to those patients treated with 'Cerumol' ear drops. There were no between-treatment differences in either either the physician's or patient's overall assessments of effectiveness.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arachis; Benzocaine; Cerumen; Chlorobenzenes; Chlorobutanol; Drug Combinations; Ear Canal; Ear Diseases; Female; Glycerol; Glycols; Hearing Tests; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oils; Plant Oils; Salicylates; Single-Blind Method

Topics: Acetaminophen; Choline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ear Diseases; Humans; Pain; Salicylates

One of the major factors limiting the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is gastrointestinal toxicity. Gaultherin, 2-[(6-O-beta-D-Xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] benzoic acid methyl ester, a natural salicylate derivative extracted from Gaultheria yunnanensis, has been shown to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and lack gastric ulcerogenic effect compared to aspirin in our primary study. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of gaultherin, which may rely on its active metabolite, and the mechanism responsible for the non-ulcerogenic property. The results showed that gaultherin (200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the abdominal contractions in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of gaultherin was demonstrated in the croton oil-induced ear edema model in mice. The results showed that gaultherin and equimolar dose of aspirin produced comparable inhibitory effects. The study of the metabolism characters of gaultherin in mice and rats indicated that gaultherin could be metabolically converted to salicylate, which produced the pharmacological effects, and provided effective concentrations for an extended period. In vitro metabolism experiment showed that gaultherin was metabolized by beta-glycosidase produced by human intestinal bacteria and esterases in intestine, blood and liver successively to release salicylate finally. The study suggested gaultherin did not cause gastric ulcer for the reason that it released salicylate in intestine slowly, not in stomach and it left the cyclooxygenase-1 unaffected, which was the source of cytoprotective prostaglandins in gastric epithelium.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acetic Acid; Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Croton Oil; Disaccharides; Disease Models, Animal; Ear Diseases; Esterases; Gastric Mucosa; Gaultheria; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Immersion; Inflammation; Intestines; Male; Mice; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Restraint, Physical; Salicylates; Stomach Ulcer; Stress, Psychological; Water

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimalarials; Diuretics; Ear Diseases; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Dosage Forms; Ear Diseases; Glycerol; Humans; Oils; Salicylates; Solutions

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Diuretics; Ear Diseases; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Salicylates; Vestibular Function Tests

Topics: Adolescent; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Deafness; Diuretics; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Female; Hearing Aids; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Radiotherapy; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Local; Body Weight; Boric Acids; Ear Diseases; Eustachian Tube; Female; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Middle Aged; Palate; Posture; Pressure; Salicylates; Sphenoid Bone; Tendons; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tinnitus

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Audiometry; Cochlea; Contraceptives, Oral; Diuretics; Drug Synergism; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Ear Diseases; Female; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Salicylates; Thalidomide; Vestibular Function Tests; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Audiometry; Ear; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Hearing Disorders; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Hearing Tests; Humans; Indomethacin; Meniere Disease; Middle Aged; Neuritis; Pilot Projects; Salicylates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspirin; Choline; Ear Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Otitis Media; Pain; Salicylates

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Boric Acids; Chronic Disease; Ear Diseases; Estrogens; Eustachian Tube; Female; Fluorocarbon Polymers; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Injections; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Aged; Borates; Ear Diseases; Equipment and Supplies; Eustachian Tube; Female; Fluorocarbon Polymers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates