salicylates and Dermatitis--Contact

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Candidiasis; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Eczema; Environmental Exposure; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Infant; Male; Photosensitivity Disorders; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salicylates; Steroids; Sulfur

Topics: Alcohols; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eczema; Humans; Lanolin; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aged; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Hydroquinones; Hyperpigmentation; Patch Tests; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Cream; Skin Pigmentation; Sunscreening Agents; Treatment Outcome

Covalent modification of skin proteins by electrophiles is a key event in the induction of skin sensitisation but not skin irritation although the exact nature of the binding mechanisms has not been determined empirically for the vast majority of sensitisers. It is also unknown whether immunologically relevant protein targets exist in the skin contributing to effecting skin sensitisation. To determine the haptenation mechanism(s) and spectra of amino acid reactivity in an intact protein for two sensitisers expected to react by different mechanisms, human serum albumin (HSA) was chosen as a model protein. The aim of this work was also to verify for selected non-sensitisers and irritants that no protein haptenation occurs even under forcing conditions. HSA was incubated with chemicals and the resulting complexes were digested with trypsin and analysed deploying matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The data confirmed that different residues (lysine, cysteine, histidine and tyrosine) are covalently modified in a highly selective and differential manner by the sensitisers 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene and phenyl salicylate. Additionally, non-sensitisers 2,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene, butyl paraben and benzaldehyde and irritants benzalkonium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulphate did not covalently modify HSA under any conditions. The data indicate that covalent haptenation is a prerequisite of skin sensitisation but not irritation. The data also suggest that protein modifications are targeted to certain amino acids residing in chemical microenvironments conducive to reactivity within an intact protein. Deriving such information is relevant to our understanding of antigen formation in the immunobiology of skin sensitisation and in the development of in vitro protein haptenation assays.

Topics: Acetylation; Benzaldehydes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis, Contact; Dinitrochlorobenzene; Haptens; Hydrolysis; Irritants; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Molecular Weight; Nitrobenzenes; Parabens; Peptide Mapping; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Skin; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Trypsin

The local lymph node assay (LLNA) and the IgE test in the mouse are proposed models for predictive recognition of low molecular weight chemicals causing IgE-mediated allergic airway reactions in man. Since rats are commonly used in routine toxicity studies and a previous study (Arts et al. (1996) Food Chem. Toxicol. 34, 55-62) has shown that several rat strains were found appropriate for the LLNA, the suitability of the rat for the IgE test was examined in the present study. Serum IgE concentrations were examined following topical exposure of Brown Norway (BN) and Wistar rats to each of four chemicals with known diverse sensitization potential in humans: trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a dermal and respiratory sensitizer, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), a dermal sensitizer with no or limited potential to cause respiratory allergy; formaldehyde (FA), a skin irritant and dermal sensitizer with equivocal evidence for respiratory sensitizing potential; methyl salicylate (MS), a skin irritant devoid of sensitizing properties. Of the four tested chemicals, only exposure to TMA resulted in a significant increase in serum IgE concentration and this response was only evoked in the high-IgE-responding BN rat. The latter two chemicals were also tested for lymph node activation, in casu the ear-draining lymph nodes. FA caused a dose-dependent activation of the draining lymph nodes whereas MS was inactive. The results as obtained with TMA, DNCB and MS in the rat are in agreement with human data. The results with FA though, indicate the need for further studies of chemicals that have both irritant and sensitizing properties at about similar concentrations or may act through non-IgE-mediated immune mechanisms.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Allergens; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Division; Dermatitis, Contact; Dinitrochlorobenzene; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Formaldehyde; Immunoglobulin E; Lymph Nodes; Organ Size; Phthalic Anhydrides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Adolescent; Castor Oil; Collodion; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Drug Eruptions; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Lactates; Resins, Plant; Salicylates; Tars

The author describes two patients with acute contact allergy to 3-(aminomethyl)-pyridyl salicylate in an analgesic spray. In one case, the patient reacted when someone used the spray not far from her.

Topics: Adult; Aminopyridines; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Recurrence; Salicylates

The authors describe two cases of allergic contact dermatitis to colophony included in the formulation of flexible collodion BP, the vehicle of a wart paint. Patch and repeated open application tests confirmed absence of contact allergy to other constituents. The patients were known to be allergic to various adhesive plasters. The use of flexible collodion USP, which does not contain colophony, is highly advisable whenever possible.

Topics: Adult; Collodion; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Patch Tests; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Resins, Plant; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Warts

Topics: Adolescent; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Humans; Salicylates

2 patients with acute allergic contact dermatitis from 3-(aminomethyl)-pyridyl salicylate are described. Both patients were females with histories of urticaria and showed cross-sensitization to substances of the para group. Clinical manifestations included eczema, angioedema and respiratory effects. In 1 patient, airborne elicitation was suspected. A lymphocyte transformation test confirmed the allergy, with an extremely high response index. 35 normal controls were negative.

Topics: Aminopyridines; Analgesics; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Salicylates; Urticaria

The effects of 3 topical applications of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diclofenac 1%, naproxene 10% and salicylic acid 5% in gel vehicles, on immediate contact reactions to 500 mM benzoic acid, 500 mM cinnamic aldehyde, 50 mM methyl nicotinate, all in pet., and 14.1 M (100%) dimethyl sulfoxide, were studied in 16 medical students. Erythema and edema reactions were observed visually, and the changes in the skin blood flow were monitored using laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). NSAIDs had significant inhibitory effects on erythema induced by all 4 substances tested and on edema induced by methyl nicotinate. The inhibition was probably due in part to percutaneous absorption and systemic effects of NSAIDs. There were differences between visual and LDF assessments, which stresses the importance of monitoring erythematous reactions of the skin both visually and with LDF.

Topics: Acrolein; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzoates; Benzoic Acid; Dermatitis, Contact; Diclofenac; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Female; Humans; Irritants; Male; Naproxen; Nicotinic Acids; Regional Blood Flow; Salicylates; Skin

Eleven cases of allergic contact dermatitis following the use of proprietary topical analgesic sprays (Algiospray and Pangesic) are described. Patch testing revealed that the adverse reactions were attributable to 3-(aminomethyl)-pyridine, which is present in these products as an ion pair with salicylic acid. The similarity between the two products investigated is not immediately apparent from the chemical nomenclature used by the manufacturers to describe the ingredients of their sprays.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Aminopyridines; Analgesics; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Salicylates

We report 3 cases of allergic contact dermatitis behind the ears from wearing the same brand of industrial safety spectacles. In each case, a positive patch test was obtained with scrapings of the plastic frame. In 2 cases further patch tests with constituents of the plastic were carried out; positive patch tests were obtained with phenyl salicylate. Phenyl salicylate is used as an ultraviolet inhibitor in some cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate propionate formulae. It has previously been reported as a contact sensitizer from its use as a sun screen in a lip salve. Positive patch test reactions were also obtained variously in these patients with balsam of Peru, resorcinol monobenzoate, and epoxy resin.

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Eye Protective Devices; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Protective Devices; Salicylates

Topics: Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

The possibility that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms was studied in laboratory mice. The time course and dose response to topical application of phenol, croton oil, benzalkonium chloride, ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP), and methyl salicylate were compared. The responses to each chemical were measured as changes in ear thickness following application to one ear. Maximal responses were as follows: methyl salicylate 20 min, phenol 1 hr, croton oil and benzalkonium chloride 6 hr, and EPP 8 hr. The response to EPP included an early, smaller response at 1 hr. Time courses of the responses were not altered by changing the vehicle in which the irritants were applied or by altering the dose. The rates of regression of the inflammatory responses also varied. Although visibly normal, thickness of ears treated with either phenol or benzalkonium chloride remained 0.05 to 1 mm thicker than solvent-treated control ears for 6 weeks. Although the incidence of prolonged thickness was dose related, it was not determined by the intensity of the acute response; doses of other irritants which produced equivalent acute increases in ear thickness did not produce similar changes. The components of the acute responses, i.e., vascular permeability, change in blood flow, and cellular infiltration, to 5 mg methyl salicylate, 2 mg EPP, and 0.05 mg croton oil were compared in studies of tissue histology, changes in vascular permeability by trypan blue and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin, and change in local surface temperature as an index of blood flow. The histology of the reactions at the time of maximum response to the chemicals differed. Multiple periods of increased permeability and increased surface temperature were produced by the irritants. The permeability and blood flow responses produced by the irritants varied in number, time of occurrence relative to time of application and to time of maximum response, and in magnitude of the changes. Differences in time courses of the responses which were not altered by experimentally varying rate of absorption and in components of the inflammatory response to the three irritants suggest that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms.

Topics: Absorption; Alkynes; Animals; Croton Oil; Dermatitis, Contact; Ear; Female; Irritants; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Salicylates; Time Factors

Not only is urticaria a condition of disparate cause, but it also may be produced through the action of one or more of a long list of chemical mediators. This article discusses some of the accepted procedures in the evaluation of patients with urticaria, which includes not only categorization but also a search for the sources of aggravation and laboratory testing to confirm the clinical diagnosis. An example of a printed history form is included, which comprises questions that hopefully will help to identify aggravating factors as well as potential causes.

Topics: Angioedema; Aspirin; Cold Temperature; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Food Preservatives; Hot Temperature; Humans; Pressure; Salicylates; Sunlight; Tyramine; Urticaria; Vasculitis; Water; Yeasts

The potential of benzyl salicylate, an important fragrance and flavour ingredient, to induce hypersensitivity or to elicit reactions to pre-existing hypersensitivity in the general population was evaluated by analysing patch-test data. Results obtained from fragrance and formulator companies for a total of 10,538 patch tests on benzyl salicylate alone, on a variety of household and personal care consumer products and on fragrance blends containing benzyl salicylate were analysed as part of this survey. No induced or elicited responses directly attributable to benzyl salicylate were observed in the 35 patch tests on benzyl salicylate alone, or in the 10,503 patch tests on consumer products or fragrance blends containing benzyl salicylate. The highest concentration of benzyl salicylate tested in the consumer-product tests was 2 X 10(-1)%, and benzyl salicylate alone was tested at 10% in ethanol. This study indicates that benzyl salicylate has a very low potential to induce hypersensitivity ('induced' reactions) or to elicit reactions presumably attributable to pre-existing sensitization ('elicited' reactions) and thus supports the safe use of benzyl salicylate in consumer products and fragrance blends.

Topics: Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Animals; Cheilitis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Six cases of contact dermatitis from a lip salve are described. Five were allergic to phenyl salicylate and one to geraniol in the fragrance. The dermatitis spread in a ring around the mouth. Phenyl salicylate has been removed from the formulation.

Topics: Adult; Child; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Female; Humans; Nitrazepam; Pigmentation Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Pigmentation

Topics: Adult; Aged; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Combinations; Drug Eruptions; Eczema; Female; Humans; Irritants; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Oils; Petrolatum; Phenols; Psoriasis; Rosaniline Dyes; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Cheilitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Humans; Salicylates

Two patients with follicular dermatitis were found to have a contact sensitivity to homomenthyl salicylate, a sunscreening chemical present in a commercially available suntan lotion. One patient did not use the product, but her boyfriend did, and contact between the two individuals resulted in a follicular dermatitis developing in her. A second patient with contact dermatitis to homomenthyl salicylate also had a follicular eruption. Both patients appear to represent true allergic sensitivities.

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Sunscreening Agents

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Rosacea; Salicylates

Topics: Aspirin; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dermatitis, Contact; Eczema; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Salicylates; Tablets

Assays of steroidal and non-steroidal drugs in an experimental model of dermatitis induced in the ear of the rabbit by the application of a solution of croton oil revealed clearly differentiable inhibitory effects on the rise in skin temperature, the oedema and the increase in tissue mass due to the inflammatory process. The results obtained in this test system fairly accurately reflect the relative therapeutic potencies of known dermatocorticoids and, in conjunction with those found by other methods, afford a more exact characterization of the activity profiles of non-steroidal contra-inflammatory agents.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Body Temperature; Clobetasol; Croton Oil; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Evaluation; Ear, External; Flumethasone; Hydrocortisone; Indomethacin; Rabbits; Salicylates; Skin

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates

We report two patients who developed allergic eczematous contact dermatitis to a salacid plaster used to treat plantar warts. Both patients were subsequently shown to be allergic to dehydroabietic acid, a resin contained in the plaster.

Topics: Child; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Foot Diseases; Humans; Salicylates; Warts

Topics: Adult; Anilides; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Soaps

A variety of derivatives of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid have been investigated for their immunogenic properties in guinea pigs including salicylsalicylic acid (SSA), acetylsalicylsalicylic acid (ASSA), disalicylide (DI), trisalicylide (TRI), acetylsalicylic acid paracetamol ester (ASPE) and acetylsalicylic acid guajacol ester (ASGE). Contact sensitivity could be elicited by the sensitizing agent, however, with acetylsalicylic acid anhydride (ASAN) a more pronounced contact reaction could consistently be observed. Systemic anaphylactic reactions elicited by intravenous injection of N-salicyloyl bovine serum albumin could only be induced by ASAN, DI, TRI and ASSA, whereas SSA, ASPE and ASGE did not induce an anaphylactic state at a comparable dose level. From these results it is anticipated that all aryl esters of acetylsalicylic or salicylic acid are immunogenic when applied intradermally, leading to a N-salicyloyl specific immune response.

Topics: Acetylation; Anaphylaxis; Anhydrides; Animals; Aspirin; Carboxylic Acids; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Contact; Esters; Guinea Pigs; Immunization; Salicylates; Serum Albumin, Bovine

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Beryllium; Cell Migration Inhibition; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dermatitis, Contact; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Immunodiffusion; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Macrophages; Salicylates; Skin Tests; Solubility

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anilides; Biopsy; Chlorothiazide; Chlorpromazine; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Erythema; Female; Halogens; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Cold Temperature; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Eczema; Eczema, Dyshidrotic; Humans; Neurodermatitis; Pityriasis; Salicylates; Zinc

Topics: Anilides; Animals; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Guinea Pigs; Immune Sera; Immunization, Passive; Radiation Effects; Salicylates; Transfer Factor

Topics: Allergens; Anilides; Animals; Carrageenan; Cell Migration Inhibition; Chlorine; Depression, Chemical; Dermatitis, Contact; Guinea Pigs; Macrophages; Nitrobenzenes; Salicylates; Silicon Dioxide; Skin; Skin Tests; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Benzoates; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Haptens; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Petrolatum; Polystyrenes; Salicylates; Skin; Structure-Activity Relationship; Toluene

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Amitriptyline; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzene Derivatives; Carbutamide; Dermatitis, Contact; Dibenzazepines; Drug Hypersensitivity; Furosemide; Humans; Parabens; Penicillins; Phenothiazines; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Salicylates; Sulfonamides; Tolbutamide; Xanthenes

Topics: Anilides; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Carbanilides; Chlorine; Dermatitis, Contact; Hexachlorophene; Humans; Phenols; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Soaps; Sulfides

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Allergens; Anilides; Animals; Antigens; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Migration Inhibition; Culture Techniques; Dermatitis, Contact; Esterases; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Peritoneum; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Tests; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aminopyrine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Bradykinin; Chloroquine; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Antagonism; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune System Diseases; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Mice; Phenylbutazone; Rabbits; Rats; Salicylates; Serotonin; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Xylenes

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Bicarbonates; Dermatitis, Contact; Erythema; Humans; Infant; Male; Ointments; Salicylates; Scalp Dermatoses; Skin Absorption; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allergens; Animals; Benzyl Compounds; Child; Child, Preschool; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazoles; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Synergism; Eczema; Female; Flumethasone; Fluorine; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Pregnanes; Psoriasis; Salicylates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Dermatitis, Contact; Erythema; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Male; Methoxsalen; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Tests; Sunscreening Agents

Topics: Aged; Aldehydes; Allergens; Antifungal Agents; Bromine; Chromatography, Gas; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Aged; Anilides; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dermatitis, Contact; Halogens; Hexachlorophene; Humans; Male; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Phenothiazines; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Soaps; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urticaria

Topics: Benzofurans; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Lichens; Male; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Aminopyrine; Angioedema; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Barbiturates; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Hypersensitivity; Erythema; Erythema Multiforme; Erythema Nodosum; Exanthema; Humans; Hungary; Pertussis Vaccine; Purpura; Quinine; Salicylates; Smallpox Vaccine; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Sulfonamides; Tetanus Antitoxin; Tranquilizing Agents; Vaccinia

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Allergens; Balsams; Benzene Derivatives; Coal Tar; Dermatitis, Contact; Detergents; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Male; Middle Aged; Perfume; Salicylates; Sex Factors; Skin Tests; Soaps

Topics: Anilides; Antigens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dermatitis, Contact; Disinfectants; Haptens; Humans; Methane; Phenols; Photosensitivity Disorders; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Sulfides

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anilides; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Guinea Pigs; Halogens; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Adult; Anilides; Bromine; Dermatitis, Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Salicylates; Skin Tests; Soaps

Topics: Anilides; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Male; Salicylates; Soaps

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzoates; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Mercury Compounds; Salicylates; Sulfhydryl Compounds