salicylates and Dermatitis--Allergic-Contact

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Drug Eruptions; Humans; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Salicylates; Sunscreening Agents

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Gaultheria; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Salicylates

Contact sensitization is frequent among patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) (52%-76%).. To evaluate the frequency of sensitization/photosensitization in an FFA population.. A population of FFA patients were patch tested (Spanish Contact Dermatitis Research Group [GEIDAC] baseline; cosmetic and fragrance series), and photopatch tested (sunscreen series).. Thirty-six patients (mean age: 64.6 years; 35/36: women) were studied. A history of dermatitis was recorded in 69.4% (frequently involving the face). Overall, 80.5% patients showed positive patch-test reactions. The most frequently positive allergens were nickel sulfate (25%), benzyl salicylate (22%), gallates (16.6%), propolis (16.6%), and limonene hydroperoxides (13.8%). Benzyl salicylate was likely relevant to the dermatitis (labeled on personal care products and most patients reporting clinical improvement with allergen avoidance). Patch tests with sunscreens showed positive reactions to 11 materials (five patients). Photopatch tests were positive in one case.. We speculate a possible relationship between sensitization to benzyl salicylate and FFA. Hypothetically, the most likely explanation is that sensitization to benzyl salicylate involving FFA patients is a consequence of increased exposure to it. It is unclear whether allergen avoidance may impact the prognosis of alopecia. However, it seems to significantly improve the patients´ quality of life by lessening dermatitis and pruritus.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allergens; Alopecia; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odorants; Pruritus; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Salicylates; Spain; Sunscreening Agents

Topics: Alopecia; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Lichen Planus; Salicylates

Topics: Alopecia; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Lichen Planus; Salicylates

Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD) is a noneczematous variant of allergic contact dermatitis, and benzyl salicylate is one of its causes. This type of PCD shows nonlichenoid interface dermatitis with pigment incontinence. We aimed to characterize the earliest histopathological changes of this reaction. A 51-year-old man presented with persistent facial eruption composed of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules due to exposure to benzyl salicylate present in his aftershave. The biopsies obtained from hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules, and from the positive patch test site to benzyl salicylate, showed a nonlichenoid focal vacuolar interface dermatitis with mononuclear cells in the papillary dermis and around the pilosebaceous units, along with melanophages. A MART-1 immunostain showed intact melanocytes in all 3 biopsies. A Fontana-Masson stain demonstrated intact melanin in the basal cell layer of a facial hyperpigmented macule and the patch test site, but melanin was reduced in the biopsy taken from a hypopigmented facial macule. There were more epidermal and dermal CD1a+ Langerhans cells in the patch test biopsy than in the other 2 biopsies. Most of the mononuclear cells were CD3+. The CD4+ to CD8+ ratio was approximately 1:1 in the facial macules; yet, CD4+ cells outnumbered CD8+ cells in the patch test biopsy. There were a few TIA-1+ cells in all 3 biopsies. In conclusion, the earliest histopathological and immunophenotypical events in PCD due to benzyl salicylate are similar to those of longer-standing lesions, i.e., a nonlichenoid focal interface dermatitis involving the epidermis and pilosebaceous unit, along with dermal melanophages.

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Cinnamates; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dioxolanes; Humans; Odorants; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Over 4000 small chemicals have been identified as allergens capable of inducing skin sensitization. Many sensitizers are hypothesized to act as haptens producing novel antigens, which can be presented to T cells by human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Recent studies suggest that some chemical allergens use hapten-independent mechanisms.. To determine whether molecular docking can identify HLA molecules that bind skin-sensitizing chemical allergens.. Structural models of HLA molecules were used as the basis for molecular docking of 22 chemical allergens. Allergens predicted to bind HLA-B*57:01 were tested for their ability to stimulate T cells by the use of proliferation and interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assays.. Chemical allergens that did not satisfy the criteria for hapten activity in vitro were predicted to bind more strongly to common HLA isoforms than those with known hapten activity. HLA-B*57:01, which is an HLA allele required for drug hypersensitivity reactions, was predicted to bind several allergens, including benzyl benzoate, benzyl cinnamate, and benzyl salicylate. In in vitro T cell stimulation assays, benzyl salicylate and benzyl cinnamate were found to stimulate T cell responses from HLA-B*57:01 carriers.. These data suggest that small-molecule skin sensitizers have the potential to interact with HLA, and show that T cell-based in vitro assays may be used to evaluate the immunogenicity of skin-sensitizing chemicals.

Topics: Allergens; Benzoates; Benzyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cinnamates; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Haptens; HLA-B Antigens; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Perfume; Salicylates; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Perfume; Salicylates; Sunscreening Agents

Topics: Aged; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Hair Preparations; Humans; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Chronic Disease; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Edema; Erythema; Eyelid Diseases; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pruritus; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Patch Tests; Salicylates; Skin Cream

Topics: Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Salicylates; Skin Tests; Sunscreening Agents

Topics: Adult; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Perfume; Salicylates

The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is the preferred test for identification of skin-sensitizing substances by measuring radioactive thymidine incorporation into the lymph node. To facilitate acceptance of nonradioactive variants, validation authorities have published harmonized minimum performance standards (PS) that the alternative endpoint assay must meet. In the present work, these standards were applied to a variant of the LLNA based on lymph node cell counts (LNCC) run in parallel as a control with the standard LLNA with radioactivity measurements, with threshold concentrations (EC3) being determined for the sensitizers. Of the 22 PS chemicals tested in this study, 21 yielded the same results from standard radioactivity and cell count measurements; only 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was positive by LLNA but negative by LNCC. Of the 16 PS positives, 15 were positive by LLNA and 14 by LNCC; methylmethacrylate was not identified as sensitizer by either of the measurements. Two of the six PS negatives tested negative in our study by both LLNA and LNCC. Of the four PS negatives which were positive in our study, chlorobenzene and methyl salicylate were tested at higher concentrations than the published PS, whereas the corresponding concentrations resulted in consistent negative results. Methylmethacrylate and nickel chloride tested positive within the concentration range used for the published PS. The results indicate cell counts and radioactive measurements are in good accordance within the same LLNA using the 22 PS test substances. Comparisons with the published PS results may, however, require balanced analysis rather than a simple checklist approach.

Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Cell Count; Chlorobenzenes; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Endpoint Determination; Female; Linear Models; Local Lymph Node Assay; Methylmethacrylate; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Nickel; Radioactivity; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Gels; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Salicylates; Veterinary Drugs

We describe acute contact sensitivity to octyl salicylate, an ultraviolet filter, used in many cosmetics and sunscreens.

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Face; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Salicylates; Sunscreening Agents

A 62-year-old woman developed allergic contact dermatitis from sunscreens containing octisalate (octyl salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate) and from a fragrance containing cis-3-hexenyl salicylate. Results of patch testing and provocative use testing confirmed that she was allergic to octisalate. Provocative use testing indicated that she was also allergic to cis-3-hexenyl salicylate.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Perfume; Salicylates; Sunscreening Agents

Topics: Aged; Allergens; Bandages; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hip; Humans; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Administration, Topical; Allergens; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gels; Humans; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Risk Assessment; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity

Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Pain; Patch Tests; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Ginkgo biloba possesses fruits that have caused numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis. Low amounts of the ginkgolic acids occur in the leaves as well.. Leaf extracts are used to treat cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disorders. The question arises whether skin hypersensitivity reactions may be adverse effects because the pharmaceutical preparations contain low amounts of ginkgolic acids.. Guinea pigs were sensitized experimentally with pure ginkgolic acids as well as with leaf extracts containing approximately 1,000 ppm of ginkgolic acids.. The guinea pigs could be sensitized successfully with the pure ginkgolic acids. The animals could not be sensitized with the leaf extract.. Leaf extracts of Ginkgo biloba taken orally or given by infusion to treat diffuse cerebral disturbances can be considered safe, even when they might contain up to 1,000 ppm of the sensitizing ginkgolic acids.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Allergens; Animals; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Irritant; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Ginkgo biloba; Guinea Pigs; Immunization; Infusions, Intravenous; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Salicylates

Local lymph node activation and increased total serum IgE levels are suggested to be predictive parameters of airway hypersensitivity caused by low molecular weight (LMW) chemicals. Whether increases of total serum IgE are indicative of actual induction of specific airway reactions (morphological and functional) after inhalation challenge was examined in the present study. In Brown Norway (BN) and Wistar rats, serum IgE concentrations were examined following topical exposure of chemicals with known diverse sensitization potential in humans: trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a dermal and respiratory sensitizer; dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), a dermal sensitizer with no known potential to cause respiratory allergy; and methyl salicylate, a skin irritant devoid of sensitizing properties. Functional and histopathological changes in the respiratory tract were examined after subsequent inhalatory challenge with these chemicals. Of the three tested chemicals, only topical exposure to TMA resulted in a significant increase in total serum IgE concentrations in the high-IgE-responding BN rat. Upon subsequent inhalatory challenge of these rats, TMA induced specific airway reactions which included a sharp decrease in respiratory rate during challenge, followed by an increase in breathing rate with a concomitant decrease in tidal volume 24 and 48 h after inhalatory challenge, and histopathological changes in the larynx and lungs of animals necropsied 48 h after challenge. Interestingly, despite low IgE levels, TMA induced histopathological changes in the larynx and lungs of Wistar rats too. Laryngeal changes were also observed in Wistar rats upon sensitization and challenge with DNCB. These data suggest that increased total serum IgE after topical sensitization is associated with immediate-type specific airway reactivity after inhalation challenge in BN rats and thus may be a valuable parameter in testing for respiratory sensitization potential of LMW compounds. Histopathological examination upon subsequent inhalation challenge of sensitized low-IgE-responders may provide information on other allergic inflammatory airway reactions.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Body Weight; Bronchi; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dinitrochlorobenzene; Female; Immunoglobulin E; Organ Size; Phthalic Anhydrides; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Salicylates

Topics: Anacardic Acids; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Plants, Toxic; Resorcinols; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Ointments; Patch Tests; Salicylates

The murine local lymph node assay is a predictive test for the identification of skin-sensitizing chemicals. The method has been the subject both of national inter-laboratory studies and of extensive comparisons with guinea pig tests. In the investigations reported here, the local lymph node assay has been evaluated further in the context of an international study comprising five independent laboratories. In addition, the influence of minor modifications to the standard assay procedure on the performance of the test has been examined. The modified procedures investigated were exposure of mice for 4 rather than 3 consecutive days, excision of lymph nodes 4 rather than 5 days after the initiation of exposure and the use of an alternative isotope. All five laboratories, irrespective of whether the standard or a modified protocol was used, were able to identify accurately, and with comparable sensitivity, potassium dichromate and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene as skin sensitizers. Using standard criteria, none of the laboratories recorded positive responses with methyl salicylate, a non-sensitizer. In the standard protocol, lymph nodes are pooled for each experimental group and the vigor of responses measured as a stimulation index relative to vehicle controls. A stimulation index of 3 or greater is considered to indicate skin-sensitizing potential. One further modification adopted by three of the laboratories was to analyze nodes from individual animals and, thereby, permit statistical evaluation. This allowed a direct comparison of statistical significance with the conventional stimulation index as criteria for a positive response. The data indicate that, while statistical evaluation may provide, in some instances, for small increases in sensitivity, this may be at the expense of some loss of selectivity. There are, however, insufficient data presently to draw firm conclusions regarding the relative value of statistical analysis. These studies demonstrate that the local lymph node assay is sufficiently robust to accommodate minor procedural and technical modifications without material changes in test performance.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Caustics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dinitrochlorobenzene; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; International Cooperation; Irritants; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Potassium Dichromate; Reference Standards; Salicylates; Skin

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Analgesics; Benzyl Alcohol; Benzyl Alcohols; Camphor; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Menthol; Salicylates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Eyeglasses; Female; Humans; Male; Resorcinols; Salicylates