salicylates and Dental-Leakage

To compare apical microleakage of extracted, single-rooted teeth obturated with thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha using two different endodontic sealers (calcium-hydroxide and resin based).. An experimental study.. The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Dental Clinics and Laboratory from June to September 2015.. The study was conducted using extracted teeth. After access cavities were made, cleaning and shaping of root canals was done in 70 teeth. Teeth were randomly allocated into two groups and obturated with thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha (Obtura II) using two sealers (Sealapex vs. AH plus). After immersing the teeth in 2.0% methylene blue, they were split longitudinally, viewed under light microscope (magnification X4) and images were taken by a camera connected to microscope. The extent of dye penetration was assessed from apex to its coronal part and recorded in millimeters. Independent sample t-test was used to compare microleakage in the two groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for inter-examiner reliability of dye penetration measurements. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.. Teeth obturated with Obtura II gutta-percha with AH plus sealer had a mean dye penetration of 1.20 ±0.79 mm. This was significantly better than Obtura II with Sealapex sealer (p=0.003).. Obtura II-AH plus sealer was a better combination for obturation as it showed a lesser degree of microleakage. Obtura II with Sealapex group showed higher microleakage, so this combination should be avoided in single-rooted teeth.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Dental Pulp Cavity; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates

The aim was to evaluate the effects of Oral-B (OB), Listerine (LN) and Rembrandt Plus (RM) mouthrinses on microleakage of composite resin restorations bonded with two adhesive systems after bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide.. A total of 60 Cl V cavities were prepared on human premolars. The occlusal and gingival margins were placed 1 mm occlusal to and apical to CEJ respectively. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups based on the adhesive system used: Excite (EX) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) groups. After composite resin restoration of cavities, thermocycling and bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for 2 hours daily for 14 days, the teeth in each adhesive group were further subdivided into three subgroups and were immersed for 12 hours in the three OB, RM and LN mouthrinses. The teeth were then placed in 2% basic fuschin for 24 hours. After dissecting the teeth, microleakage was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 16×. Data was analyzed with multifactor ANOVA and Bonferroni test at p < 0.05.. Microleakage with EX was significantly higher than that with CSE (p = 0.009). Microleakage at gingival margins was significantly higher than that at occlusal margins (p = 0.15). Microleakage with OB was higher than that with LN (p = 0.02). However, there were no significant differences in microleakage between LN and RM (p = 1) and between RM and OB (p = 0.15). In addition, with the EX adhesive system, microleakage with OB was higher than that with LN and RM (p = 0.02).. In the present study, microleakage of composite resin restorations was influenced by the type of the adhesive system, mouthrinse type and the location of the cavity margin.. Use of some mouthrinses, such as OB after bleaching can increase postrestoration microleakage of resin composite restorations bonded with etch-and-rinse adhesive systems.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Carbamide Peroxide; Cetylpyridinium; Coloring Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Enamel; Dental Leakage; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Mouthwashes; Peroxides; Resin Cements; Rosaniline Dyes; Salicylates; Temperature; Terpenes; Time Factors; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Tooth Cervix; Urea; Young Adult

Methylene blue (MB) remains the most frequently used tracer for dye penetration tests of endodontic fillings, despite its chemical reactions with different materials. This study checked whether dye penetration displayed by MB is comparable to Rhodamine B (RB). One hundred and seventy-two root canals were filled with gutta-percha and six sealers. Samples were covered with nail varnish except for the apical area, and immersed in MB or RB solutions under negative pressure. After 24 h, roots were bisected, photographed and the maximal dye penetration recorded. Dye penetrations displayed by MB and RB were compared (Newman-Keuls test). MB and RB displayed comparable results for groups filled with AH Plus, EndoREZ and Polifil (P > 0.05). For Endofill, Sealer 26 and Sealapex, a significant lower dye penetration was observed when MB was used (P < 0.05). Laboratory tests using MB for measuring dye penetration through filled root canals can result in misleading conclusions.

Topics: Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Coloring Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Fluorescent Dyes; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Materials Testing; Methylene Blue; Reproducibility of Results; Rhodamines; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Surface Properties; Time Factors

To assess the sealing ability of zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), Apexit, and Sealapex used as sealer-only backfills in root canals of primary teeth using the high-pressure replica technique.. Two hundred and seventy root canals of deciduous molars as well as primary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to three groups (n=90). Root canals were prepared to size 35 and filled with either zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), Apexit, or Sealapex using a lentulo filler. Twenty-four hours after setting of the materials the roots were nail-varnished (except for the apical tip), and half of the specimens (n=45) were penetrated by a coloured (rhodamine B) epoxy resin. The resin was infiltated into the pores and cavities of the teeth in a high-pressure vessel. The remaining groups (n=45) were stored in 100% humidity, and infiltration of the resin followed after 40d. Apical leakage was assessed by means of a grinding technique using eight steps of 0.5mm each.. ZOE and Apexit failed to seal the root canals in both subgroups. This was significantly different from the root canals filled with Sealapex where in both subgroups some 30% of the specimens revealed a tight seal up to a distance of 2.9mm of the apex.. Under the conditions of this study it can be concluded that Sealapex shows less leakage than ZOE and Apexit. With regard to the three materials tested, Sealapex should be a viable alternative for sealer-only obturation of pulpectomized primary teeth. The high-pressure replica technique seems to be suitable for assessing leakage of root canal filling materials.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Tooth Apex; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The present study investigated the sealing ability of four root canal sealers at two different thicknesses. There were 82 maxillary incisors roots prepared with Gates Glidden drills up to size 6 and divided into four groups: Pulp Canal Sealer, EndoREZ, Sealapex, and AH Plus. Each group was divided in two subgroups and gutta-percha cylinders 1.5 or 1 mm wide were used, respectively. The roots were mounted in a bacterial leakage model and the system was checked daily during the following 12 wk. Data were analyzed by Log-Rank test and Student t-test. In the thin layer samples, the sealers demonstrated similar results while, in the thick layer samples, AH Plus revealed the best performance. Generally, greater sealer thickness influenced negatively the sealing ability of the root canal filling, except in AH Plus samples.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Dental Pulp Cavity; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Incisor; Materials Testing; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Saliva; Surface Properties; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of this study was to introduce a new method for quantitative testing of endodontic leakage.. Eighty straight maxillary anterior teeth were divided randomly into 3 experimental groups of 20 samples each and 2 control groups. The experimental groups were prepared using the modified double-flared technique and obturated by lateral compaction of cold gutta-percha with Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Sealapex, or AH Plus sealer. With the leakage test device, coronal 1 mol/L glucose solution was forced under a hydrostatic pressure of 1.5 kPa toward the apical part of the root. Leakage was measured by the concentration of leaked glucose in apical reservoir at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days with the enzymatic glucose oxidase method.. No significant difference of sealing ability was found among 3 test groups at 1, 2, 4, and 7 days. From the tenth day, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT showed the highest leakage, and the leakage was not significantly different between Sealapex and AH Plus.. The quantitative method is sensitive, nondestructive, and clinically relevant. Pulp Canal Sealer EWT showed more leakage than Sealapex and AH Plus in most observation time.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Filtration; Glucose; Glucose Oxidase; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Hydrostatic Pressure; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors; Tooth Apex; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of four root canal sealers. Forty-eight maxillary central incisors were instrumented with Profile rotary instruments. They were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12) and filled using lateral condensation with one of the four sealers: Sealapex, Pulp Canal Sealer, AH 26, and Ketac-Endo. The apical leakage was measured with a fluid filtration method and expressed as L s(-1) KPa(-1). The teeth filled with Sealapex displayed a higher apical leakage (8.42 +/- 4.2 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) than those filled with AH 26 (2.10 +/- 1.39 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)), Pulp Canal Sealer (0.17 +/- 0.09 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) or Ketac-Endo (0.32 +/- 0.24 10(-1) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found among AH 26, Pulp Canal Sealer, and Ketac-Endo. No correlation was found between the sealing efficiency of the four sealers and their adhesive properties recorded in a previous study.

Topics: Adhesiveness; Analysis of Variance; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Filtration; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Humidity; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Silver; Statistics as Topic; Temperature; Time Factors; Titanium; Tooth Apex; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of this study was to compare the classical dye-penetration method to a dye-extraction method, with a fluid-filtration method as control. Forty teeth were prepared with a ProFile device and divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) according to the sealer used for the lateral condensation: Pulp Canal Sealer, Sealapex, AH Plus, and Ketac-Endo. The apical seal was evaluated on the same teeth with all three methods, successively: a fluid-filtration method, a dye-penetration method with 2% methylene blue, and a new method where the roots were dissolved in 65% nitric acid to extract the methylene blue before reading the absorbance of the solution. The classical dye penetration did not show any difference among the sealers and showed no correlation with the two other techniques. The fluid filtration (p < 0.01) and the dye extraction (p < 0.01) showed that Sealapex displayed the highest apical leakage. The correlation between the results obtained with these two methods was significant (p = 0.001 and r = 0.7). This study showed the limitation of the classical dye-penetration studies and that the dye-extraction, i.e. dissolution, method gave the same results as fluid filtration but saved much laboratory time.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Calcium Hydroxide; Colorimetry; Coloring Agents; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Filtration; Glass Ionomer Cements; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Methylene Blue; Nitric Acid; Reproducibility of Results; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Solvents; Tooth Apex; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The apical sealing ability of a tricalcium phosphate sealer was compared with that of three other sealers. Seventy roots of human incisors were cleansed and shaped and randomly assigned to one of seven groups of ten roots each. The root canal systems were obturated with gutta-percha and one sealer using the lateral-vertical condensation technique. The canal was sealed with Roth's sealer, Sealapex, Kerr root canal sealer, or Sankin apatite root sealer (Type I, II, or III). One group was filled with gutta-percha without sealer to serve as a control. After the roots were immersed in silver nitrate, the degree of dye penetration was measured under a dissecting microscope. Results indicated that Sealapex had the best sealing ability, followed by Sankin apatite root sealer, Type II. Roth's cement showed the most dye penetration. Canals that were obturated without sealer showed significantly greater apical leakage.

Topics: Apatites; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Durapatite; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Incisor; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical seal obtained with various root canal sealing cements using a new method based on the use of a radionuclide and an external detection technique. A total of 150 maxillary incisors and canines, which had been kept in saline solution, were used. The root canals were instrumented with a stepback technique and circumferential filing. Six experimental groups and two control groups were randomly formed. Each experimental group was obturated by a lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha points and a different sealing cement (two based on zinc oxide-eugenol cement, two based on resins and two on calcium hydroxide); the positive control used gutta-percha without sealing cement, while in the negative control the apex was covered with nail varnish, leaving the root canal empty. The apical leakage was measured using an external detection technique after submerging the root apices in a solution containing the radioisotope metastable 99Tc. No leakage was observed in the negative control group. There was a large difference between the leakage observed in the positive control group and the experimental groups. The best seal was obtained using Sealapex cement, which differed significantly from AH26, Tubli-Seal and Diaket; there was no significant difference between the latter. The poorest results were obtained with Endomethasone and CRCS; there was a significant difference between these and the previous three sealing cements.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dexamethasone; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Formaldehyde; Gamma Cameras; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Methenamine; Polyvinyls; Radionuclide Imaging; Resins, Synthetic; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Silver; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Thymol; Titanium; Tooth Root; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The objective of this study was to describe a new method for the quantitative analysis of a microleakage of endodontic filling materials. Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups. After root canal shaping, the experimental groups were filled using the lateral condensation technique with the Epiphany system (G1), with gutta-percha + Sealapex (G2), and with gutta-percha + AH Plus (G3). Each root was mounted on a modified leakage testing device, and caffeine solution was used as a tracer (2000 ng mL-1, pH 6.0), applied in the coronal direction towards the tooth apex, creating a hydrostatic pressure of 2.55 kPa. Presence of caffeine in the receiving solution was measured after 10, 30, and 60 days, using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). None of the groups presented microleakage at 10 days. At 30 days, G2 and G3 showed similar infiltration patterns (means: 16.0 and 13.9 ng mL-1, respectively), whereas G1 showed significantly higher values (mean: 105.2 ng mL-1). At 60 days, leakage values were 182.6 ng mL-1 for G1, 139.0 ng mL-1 for G2, and 53.5 ng mL-1 for G3. AH Plus showed the best sealing ability and HPLC-MS/MS showed high sensitivity and specificity for tracer quantification.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Chromatography, Liquid; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Random Allocation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical seal obtained with four root canal sealers AH 26, Sealapex, Endoflas FS and AH Plus, with lateral condensation.. Sixty root canals were prepared using the step-back technique. The specimens were divided into four experimental groups of 12 teeth and two control groups of 12 teeth. The experimental groups were obturated by laterally condensed gutta-percha with one of the tested sealers and control groups were obturated without any sealer. Methylene blue dye penetration with centrifuging method was used to evaluate the apical sealing ability. The quantitative apical leakage of each specimen was measured after 2 weeks.. The results showed no significant differences between all groups except between AH Plus and Endoflas FS (<0.05). AH Plus showed significantly less leakage than Endoflas FS.. AH Plus showed the least leakage compared to AH 26, Sealapex and Endoflas FS.

Topics: Barium Sulfate; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Centrifugation; Coloring Agents; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Edetic Acid; Epoxy Resins; Humans; Humidity; Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; Materials Testing; Methylene Blue; Polyvinyls; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Silver; Sodium Hypochlorite; Temperature; Time Factors; Titanium; Tooth Apex; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

To evaluate the sealing ability of five root canal sealers, including two experimental cements (MBP and MTA-Obtura) using the fluid filtration method.. Teeth were divided into 5 study groups: G1-AH Plus; G2-Acroseal; G3Sealapex; G4-MBP; G5-MTA-Obtura; and two controls. Chemical-mechanical preparation was performed with ProFile rotary nickel-titanium instruments 1 mm short of the apical foramen. The sealing ability was evaluated by fluid filtration at 15, 30, and 60 days.. The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the materials at different periods (p<0.05). AH Plus and MBP had similar leakage values at 15 and 60 days, alternating with significant reduction at 30 days, while the other materials showed progressive increase in leakage values. Acroseal and Sealapex presented the best results at 15 days and the worst at 60 days.. All sealers evaluated presented fluid leakage, with AH Plus and MBP showing the best results at the end of the experimental period. Acroseal, Sealapex, and MTA-Obtura presented increase in leakage values at longer observation periods.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Gutta-Percha; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Oxides; Resin Cements; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silicates; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical seal obtained with four root canal sealers: Rocanal 2, Sealapex, AH Plus, and RC Sealer. Forty root canals were prepared using the step-back technique. The specimens were divided into four groups of 10 samples and obturated by laterally condensed gutta-percha with one of the tested sealers. The computerized fluid filtration method was used for evaluation of apical sealing properties. The quantitative apical leakage of each specimen was measured after 7, 14, and 21 days. Statistical analysis indicated that the apical leakage of all sealers used in this study decreased gradually from 7 days to 21 days (p < 0.05). Sealapex showed better apical sealing than the other sealers at 7, 14, and 21 days (p < 0.05). RC Sealer, AH Plus, and Rocanal 2 showed similar apical leakage values at every period (p > 0.05).

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Filtration; Humans; Phenols; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Tooth Apex

To evaluate the influence of root canal form on the sealing ability of two root canal sealers.. Twenty radiographically confirmed straight and 20 curved root canals were prepared with a stepback hand filing technique. Root canal aberrations created during preparation were determined by the use of double exposure radiographic technique. The prepared canals were filled with lateral condensation of gutta-percha and one or other of two root canal sealers (Pulp Canal Sealer and Sealapex). Leakage along the apical 10 mm of roots was measured with a fluid transport model at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month intervals.. There were no statistically significant differences between straight and curved root canals (P > 0.05) for prevalence of root canal transportation. The prevalence of apical transportation was 80% in the straight and 85% in the curved root canals. A complete seal was more frequently observed in straight canals compared with curved canals. Utilizing the pi* index, analysis showed the filling with Sealapex allowed more leakage than Pulp Canal Sealer at 1 year.. Under the conditions of the study, root canal form influenced short-term sealing ability. In the long-term the seal was affected by the sealer rather than root canal form.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Dental Pulp Cavity; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Statistics, Nonparametric; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of the present study was to compare two experimental calcium phosphate-based sealers with AH Plus, Sealapex, Ketac-Endo and Hermetic with regard to coronal seal. Two standardized artificial canals were prepared in each of 120 blocks of bovine root dentin. The blocks were divided into six groups. All of the 40 canals of each group were filled with gutta-percha and either AH Plus, Hermetic, Ketac-Endo, Sealapex or two different experimental sealers. One canal of one block was filled with gutta-percha and sealer using lateral condensation, whilst the other canal was obturated using Thermafil. The roots were immersed in black ink and thereafter cleared. Maximum linear dye penetration was measured coronally. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test for the global null hypothesis and the closed test procedure for pairwise comparisons. With lateral condensation, experimental sealer I was comparable with AH Plus and Hermetic but showed significantly higher penetration depths than Ketac-Endo and Sealapex. Using Thermafil, more leakage was found for experimental sealer I than for AH Plus, Ketac-Endo and Sealapex. Using both techniques, leakage of experimental sealer II did not differ significantly from leakage of AH Plus, Ketac-Endo and Sealapex. Due to the low leakage of experimental sealer II in the present study, further evaluations such as bacterial penetration or fluid filtration should follow.

Topics: Animals; Calcium Hydroxide; Calcium Phosphates; Cattle; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Gutta-Percha; Materials Testing; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Coronal leakage can produce contamination of periapical tissues, resulting in endodontic failure.. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of 2 sealers to prevent coronal leakage in canals filled with gutta-percha and prepared for cast dowels but without coronal sealing.. The crowns of 60 extracted single-rooted teeth were amputated. The root canals were prepared corono-apically and filled with gutta-percha cones and 1 of 2 different endodontic sealers: a resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and a calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Sealapex). Specimens were then stored in water for 7 days to allow the sealers to set. The specimens were prepared in 1 of 2 ways: no preparation for cast dowel or preparation of cast-dowel space (n=15). External surfaces of the roots were sealed with cyanoacrylate cement. The teeth were thermal cycled at 5 degrees and 55 degrees C in water baths (dwell time=30 seconds) for 500 cycles. Specimens were then submerged in 2% methylene blue colorant for 24 hours. Microleakage was measured according to the percentage of area stained with the colorant. Effects of each factor (cast-dowel preparation and type of sealant) on microleakage were analyzed by the Student t test (alpha=.05).. The AH Plus and Sealapex sealers with cast-dowel preparation resulted in significantly (P<.001) more leakage compared to sealers with no dowel preparation.. Cast dowel-space preparation had a negative influence on the sealing ability of the remnant root-canal filling material.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Humans; Post and Core Technique; Regression Analysis; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates

To investigate whether Ca(OH)2 in four different agents alters the physical properties (Exp. I) and sealing ability (Exp. II) of root canal sealers.. (Exp. I) Calcipex (Nippon Sika-Yakuhin, Shimonoseki, Japan), Vitapex (Neo-Dental, Tokyo, Japan), Calkyl (Showa Yakuhin, Tokyo, Japan), and Ca(OH)2 were used as Ca(OH)2 agents. Four sealers were tested for flow, working time, setting time, and film thickness: Canals (Showa Yakuhin), Canals-N (Showa Yakuhin), Ketac -Endo (Espe, Seefeld, Germany), and Sealapex (Kerr, Romulus, MI, USA). Each Ca(OH)2 agent was added to 10 vol.% of each sealer, and the mixture and controls without a Ca(OH)2 agent were tested according to ISO specifications. Measurements were compared using Student's t-tests (P < 0.05). (Exp. II) After removing Ca(OH)2 agents applied to the root canals of 100 extracted human teeth, canals were filled with sealer. Controls were filled with each sealer without Ca(OH)2 agents. Sealing ability was evaluated using distance of dye penetration from the apices. Dye penetration data were compared using analysis of variance and post hoc Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05).. Ca(OH)2 agents influenced the physical properties of the sealers. Flow and setting time met ISO requirements, but film thickness and working time did not. Apical sealing ability of all four sealers was influenced by Ca(OH)2 agents. The sealing ability of Sealapex improved with all Ca(OH)2 agents. The physical and sealing abilities varied among the other sealers.. Contact with Ca(OH)2 agents left on the canal wall caused considerable changes to the sealing ability of sealers.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Coloring Agents; Dental Leakage; Drug Interactions; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The sealing of the root canal system is of fundamental importance for successful endodontic treatment. To obtain an adequate apical seal, many factors must be considered such as the presence of smear layer and the sealer applied. After canal preparation, this layer must be removed because it prevents close contact between the dentinal walls and the sealing material. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of four different sealers after smear layer removal with either 17% EDTA-T irrigation or Er:YAG laser irradiation of 46 teeth. The canals were sealed with four different sealers: Sealapex, Ketac Endo, AH Plus and N-Rickert. The method for smear layer removal did not influence apical sealing. AH Plus and N-Rickert allowed less dye leakage when compared to Sealapex and Ketac Endo.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Chelating Agents; Coloring Agents; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Dentin; Edetic Acid; Epoxy Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Laser Therapy; Lasers, Solid-State; Materials Testing; Methylene Blue; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Smear Layer

The purpose of this study was to determine whether chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%), used as an endodontic irrigating solution, would affect the apical seal of three root canal cements. One hundred, extracted, human, single-canal teeth were divided into 9 experimental groups of 10 teeth each, in addition to a positive and negative control group of 5 teeth each. The teeth were decoronated at the level of the CEJ, accessed, instrumented to a Master apical file #50, irrigated with either sterile saline, 5.25% NaOCl, or 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, and dried using paper points. Obturation was accomplished using lateral condensation and one of three endodontic sealers: Roth's 811, AH 26, or Sealapex. Postobturation apical leakage was measured at 270- and 360-day observation periods using the fluid filtration method. Using the mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA test with Tukey's honest significance difference multiple comparison procedure, the results showed the saline-Sealapex combination had significantly more leakage (p < 0.05) than either the Peridex-Sealapex or saline-Roth's combinations at 270 days. No other significant differences were noted between any sealer-irrigant combination at 270 days. The saline-Sealapex combination had significantly more leakage than the saline-Roth's combination at 360 days. No other significant differences were noted at 360 days. Under the conditions of this study, chlorhexidine gluconate irrigant did not adversely affect the apical seal of three root canal cements at 270 and 360 days.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Materials Testing; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Salicylates; Silver; Sodium Hypochlorite; Statistics, Nonparametric; Titanium; Tooth Apex; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of this study was to examine coverage patterns of sealer on canal walls and between gutta-percha cones after lateral condensation. Ninety extracted teeth with single canals were evenly and randomly divided into three sealer groups (Roth's, Sealapex, AH 26). Canals were cleaned and shaped, then coated with one of the three sealers followed by lateral condensation of gutta-percha. The teeth were placed into 100% humidity at 37 degrees C. After 4 months the roots were notched and fractured longitudinally and the dentin lifted to expose the gutta-percha sealer and dentin walls. Qualitative assessment was in the apical and coronal as to the amount and the pattern of sealer coverage. Coverage was categorized by the amount and location as follows: (a) no sealer; (b) slight-partial; (c) moderate-partial; or (d) complete coverage. Sealer was frequently absent between gutta-percha cones and the canal wall and at times absent between cones, with a general moderate-partial coverage. No sealer group demonstrated complete coverage; however, AH 26 showed more consistent moderate-partial distribution. Coverage was better in the coronal. In conclusion, none of the three sealers showed a continuous layer between the primary gutta-percha obturant and the canal wall or in spaces between cones.

Topics: Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The effect of chelating solutions EDTA, EGTA and CDTA on human dentin adhesiveness and microleakage with 4 sealers (Sealer 26, Sealapex, N-Rickert and Endofill) was evaluated in vitro. Whether or not there was a mathematical correlation between the tests of adhesiveness and microleakage was also evaluated. A total of eighty maxillary and mandibular molars were used to test adhesiveness. After wearing of the occlusal surface to obtain a flat surface, the sealer was placed with an aluminum cylinder (10 mm x 6 mm). Adhesiveness was evaluated with a 4444 Instron universal testing machine. Microleakage was evaluated in 160 maxillary canines after root canal instrumentation, obturation and clearing. The penetration of India ink in the apical region was measured with a measurescope. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: group 1, distilled water, group 2, EDTA; group 3, EGTA; group 4, CDTA. Sealer 26 and EDTA had the best results (p<0.01) for adhesiveness and microleakage. There was no correlation between the test for adhesiveness and microleakage.

Topics: Adhesiveness; Analysis of Variance; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Carbon; Chelating Agents; Coloring Agents; Cuspid; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Dentin; Edetic Acid; Egtazic Acid; Humans; Humidity; Molar; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Preparation; Salicylates; Statistics as Topic; Temperature; Time Factors

An in vitro dye leakage study was performed to compare the apical leakage of a fill with injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) filler/sealer and a master silver cone with leakage from a fill of Sealapex sealer and laterally condensed gutta-percha. Ten instrumented, extracted, single-rooted human teeth were obturated with either laterally condensed gutta-percha and Sealapex as the sealer or with a single master cone and the CPC paste sealer. Additional teeth were included in the study to serve as controls. The teeth were placed in 1% poly-R dye solution (pH 7.0) for 5 days. After the teeth were longitudinally sectioned apical leakage of dye was measured. There were no significant differences between the CPC and Sealapex groups. The single cone CPC procedure provided an adequate apical seal against dye penetration. Should retreatment become necessary the single cone may be removed to provide access for instrumentation.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Calcium Phosphates; Coloring Agents; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%), used as an endodontic irrigating solution would affect the apical seal obtained when using three different root canal cements. One hundred extracted human single-canal teeth were divided into 9 experimental groups of 10 teeth each and a positive and negative group of 5 teeth each. The teeth were decoronated at the level of the cementoenamel junction, then accessed, instrumented to a Master Apical File #50, irrigated with either sterile saline, 5.25% NaOCl or 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, and dried using paper points. Obturation was accomplished using lateral condensation and 1 of 3 endodontic sealers: Roth's 811, AH26, or Sealapex. At 90 and 180 days after obturation apical leakage was measured using the fluid filtration method. Using the ANOVA test the results showed no significant difference in seal related to the irrigant at both the 90- and 180-day observation periods.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Humans; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Salicylates; Silver; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

In this study, the effect of different root canal sealers on 1%, and 2% methylene blue (MB) solutions and India ink were analyzed using spectrophotometry. One hundred and twelve specimens were used in this study. One hundred and five plastic tubes were filled with Sealapex, Endomethasone, Sultan, AH Plus or Ketac Endo. Twenty-one plastic tubes were used for each group. Seven plastic tubes were not filled, serving as controls. Seven specimens were taken from each group randomly and immersed in 0.8 ml 1% MB, 2% MB or black India ink. The optical density of the solutions after 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of immersion was measured in a spectrophotometer at 416 nm. The optical density (OD) of the solutions was stable for the control group. The OD values for the 1% MB solutions were increased in the Sealapex and Sultan groups. The OD values for the 2% MB solutions were also increased for Sealapex and AH Plus. OD values were decreased for all India ink groups. The change in OD values relating to each time interval was statistically analyzed for each test material using two-way ANOVA. In the dye leakage studies, India ink, when compared to MB solutions, was a more reliable tracer as no dissolution of the root canal sealers occurred in contact with India ink.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Calcium Hydroxide; Carbon; Coloring Agents; Dental Leakage; Dexamethasone; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Eugenol; Formaldehyde; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immersion; Methylene Blue; Optics and Photonics; Reproducibility of Results; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Solubility; Spectrophotometry; Thymol; Time Factors; Zinc Oxide

The aims of this study were to find a dentin bonding system suitable for root canal treatment using a newly developed root canal resin sealer, and to examine its sealing ability. The sealer was composed of vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, methyl methacrylate, zirconia, and tributylborane catalyst. The effects of dentin conditioners and primers on dentin bonding were studied by tensile bond strength testing and scanning electron microscopy. Apical and coronal leakage were evaluated at 1-, 4-, and 12-wk intervals by a dye penetration test using a methylene blue solution. Pulp Canal Sealer EWT and Sealapex were used as controls. Significantly high bond strength was obtained by treating dentin with EDTA, followed by application of a glutaraldehyde/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate primer. The experimental resin sealer produced a significantly superior coronal seal at 12 wk when compared with the two control sealers (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed few gaps at the resin sealer-dentin interface.

Topics: Alkenes; Analysis of Variance; Boron Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Chelating Agents; Coloring Agents; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Edetic Acid; Fluorides; Glutaral; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Methylene Blue; Methylmethacrylate; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Resin Cements; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Salicylates; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength; Time Factors; Vinyl Compounds; Zirconium

The antimicrobial activity of four root canal sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex, Ketac Endo, and Fill Canal), two calcium hydroxide pastes (Calen and Calasept), and a zinc oxide paste was evaluated. Seven bacterial strains were used, six of them standard; Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541. There was a wild strain of Streptococcus mutans isolated from saliva obtained in an adult dental clinic. Activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method with Brain Heart Infusion agar and Müller Hinton medium seeded by pour plate. Calcium hydroxide-based sealers and pastes were either placed directly into 4.0 x 4.0 mm wells or by using absorbent paper points. The plates were kept at room temperature for 2 hr for diffusion. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hr, the medium was optimized with 0.05 g% TTC gel and inhibition haloes were measured. All bacterial strains were inhibited by all materials using the well method. However, when the materials were applied with absorbent paper points, Enterococcus faecalis was not inhibited by zinc oxide, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not inhibited by AH Plus, Fill Canal, and the zinc oxide-based paste. We conclude that sealers and pastes presented antimicrobial activity in vitro and culture medium optimization with 0.05 g% TTC gel facilitated observation of the inhibition haloes.

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Barium Sulfate; Bismuth; Borates; Calcium Chloride; Calcium Hydroxide; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Enterococcus faecalis; Epoxy Resins; Escherichia coli; Eugenol; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus luteus; Potassium Chloride; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Resins, Synthetic; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Saliva; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Zinc Oxide

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term seal of gutta-percha (GP) without sealer.. Extracted human maxillary central incisors were prepared and obturated using heat- or chloroform-softened GP only, or GP in combination with a root canal sealer. Leakage along root fillings was measured at 48 h and after a period of 6 months using a fluid transport model.. At 48 h the GP-filled roots without sealer leaked more than the control roots filled with GP and sealer (P < 0.0001). At 6 months a significant reduction in leakage was found in the GP-only groups (P < 0.05 for both heat- and chloroform-softened GP). After 6 months, roots filled by vertical condensation of GP-only had similar leakage as vertically condensed GP with a sealer (P > 0.05).. The long-term seal of root fillings is affected by the volume change of both GP and sealer. Leakage reduction due to expansion of GP may compensate to a certain extent for leakage that may occur from sealer dissolution.

Topics: Balsams; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Incisor; Maxilla; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Titanium; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

This in vitro study evaluated the coronal leakage of human saliva into root canals filled by lateral condensation of gutta-percha using two root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide. Obturated canals with gutta-percha and either Sealapex of Sealer 26 were mounted in an apparatus and then exposed to saliva. The number of days required for total recontamination of the root canal was recorded. Evaluation was conducted for 60 days. Thirty-five percent of the specimens of the Sealer 26 group showed entire recontamination at 60 days. Eighty percent of the root canals obturated with Sealapex showed complete recontamination at 60 days. Sealer 26 presented significantly less leakage than Sealapex (p < 0.01).

Topics: Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Leakage; Dental Pulp Cavity; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Saliva

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical seal obtained with three commonly used root canal sealing cements: Sealapex, AH Plus or Topseal, and Sealite, using a new method based on the quantitative analysis of 125I-radiolabeled lysozyme penetration. One hundred thirteen teeth with straight single root canals were instrumented to master apical point #25/30. These were divided into three groups: (i) negative control (4 roots) covered with two layers of nail polish, (ii) test group (105 roots) obturated by laterally condensed guttapercha with the three cements; and (iii) positive control (4 roots) obturated without cement. The groups were then immersed in 125I lysozyme solution for a period of 1, 7, 14, or 28 days. After removal, six sections of 0.8 mm length each were made of each root with a fine diamond wire. Each section was analyzed for activity by a gamma counter, corrected for decay, and used to quantify protein penetration. Leakage was high in the positive control and almost negligible in the negative control. AH Plus (Topseal) and Sealapex showed similar leakage behavior over time, with AH Plus (Topseal) performing better. Sealite showed acceptable leakage up until day 14, after which a large increase occurred, presumably due to three-dimensional instability.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Epoxy Resins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Muramidase; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

This study was performed to evaluate the physical properties (sealing, flow, radio-opacity, working time, and solubility) of a newly developed root canal sealer, CH61. It was compared with Canals, Sealapex, and AH26, which are typical commercially available root canal sealers. The sealing ability was evaluated by dye penetration. The flow was evaluated by two methods. One was flow in the vertical dimension, and the other was disk diameter. Radio-opacity, working time, and solubility were performed in accordance with the standards of the International Organization for Standardization. No dye penetration after immersion for 24 h was noted. In CH61, and there were significant differences between the values for CH61 and Canals, Sealapex, or AH26 (p < 0.001). For flow, the results differed from method to method. The radio-opacity decreased in the following order: AH26, Canals, CH61, and Sealapex. The solubility was the lowest for CH61. This study showed that CH61 had excellent sealing properties and low solubility.

Topics: Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Contrast Media; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Methenamine; Radiography, Dental; Rheology; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Therapy; Salicylates; Silver; Solubility; Time Factors; Titanium; Viscosity; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The main objective of endodontic therapy is complete obturation of the root canal system after it has been adequately prepared and sterilised. A wide variety of root canal sealers are available for obturation of the root canal system. A number of different invitro methods have been used to evaluate the sealing ability of endodontic filling materials. By combining one or two tests it may be possible to obtain information about sealing ability of the test material. Therefore, the present invitro study compared the sealing ability of three different root canal sealers, namely Sealapex, AH-26 and ZnOE by two different methods, bacterial leakage and dye penetration. The results showed that AH-26 has the maximum sealing ability followed by Sealapex and ZnOE.

Topics: Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Humans; Materials Testing; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Surface Properties; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Fifteen extracted molars were prepared for crowns. Crowns with access ports (one facial, one lingual) were cast in gold. Teeth and crowns luted with provisional cement with filters inserted into the ports were immersed in a solution of labeled macromolecules (FITC-dextran, TRITC-LPS) and evaluated for leakage. Filters were retrieved and analyzed by use of fluorescent microscopy. Leakage of LPS and dextran occurred as early as 2 weeks beneath crowns luted with a provisional cement (NoGenol).

Topics: Crowns; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dextrans; Diffusion; Drug Combinations; Fatty Acids; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Fluorescent Dyes; Gold Alloys; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Macromolecular Substances; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Molar; Resins, Plant; Rhodamines; Salicylates; Thymol; Time Factors; Zinc Oxide

A fluid transport model study was used to evaluate the sealing ability of five root canal sealers, AH 26, Sealapex, Ketac Endo, Roth, and Kerr EWT, and a dental bonding agent at thicknesses of 0.05 mm (thin layer) and 0.3 mm (thick layer) with 270 standard human root sections obturated with sealer combined with standard gutta-percha cylinders. AH26 and Sealapex sealed more tightly in thick layers, whereas Ketac Endo, Johnson and Johnson Bonding Agent, Roth, and Kerr EWT sealed more tightly in thin layers. In thin layers J&J Bonding sealed more tightly than any other sealer tested. In thick layers AH 26 and Sealapex sealed more tightly than Ketac Endo and J&J Bonding Agent, and these sealed more tightly than Roth and Kerr EWT. These findings indicate that the thickness of the sealer layer significantly influences the sealing of a root canal filling and that the influence of thickness varies depending on the type of sealer.

Topics: Air; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Materials Testing; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Silver; Surface Properties; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Sealing ability of three classes of endodontic sealers, in moisture-contaminated canals, was evaluated. A total of 120 single-rooted extracted teeth were divided into three groups. The groups were obturated with either Procosol, Sealapex, or Ketac-Endo using saline as a moisture contaminant in all cases. Half (20 teeth) of each group was placed in a saline storage medium for 9 months. The remainder of the samples were placed in India ink, under a vacuum, cleared, and the amount of dye penetration measured under magnification. The stored samples were similarly treated after the 9-month storage period. In a moisture-contaminated canal, Procosol exhibited the least amount of apical leakage, followed by Sealapex, then Ketac-Endo. There was no significant difference in the amount of dye penetration after 9 months of storage over that found initially, which indicates that the deleterious effects of moisture contamination occur during the initial placement and setting reaction.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Drug Contamination; Drug Storage; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glass Ionomer Cements; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Resins, Synthetic; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Water; Zinc Oxide

The purpose of this study was to assess long-term coronal leakage in root fillings achieved by 2 gutta-percha techniques using 2 calcium hydroxide-containing sealers. The root canals of 90 single-rooted teeth with mature apices were prepared chemomechanically. The teeth were placed randomly into four experimental groups (n = 20) and obturated with either lateral condensation of cold gutta-percha or a thermo-plasticized gutta-percha delivery system, JS Quickfill, using Sealapex or Apexit as the sealer. A further five teeth were placed in each of negative or positive control groups. After root filling the teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and stored in saline solution at 37 degrees for 1 yr. Coronal leakage was then determined with an India ink tracer (using a reduced pressure model) and a clearing technique. The extent of coronal leakage was measured at x6 magnification. Non-parametric analysis showed that there was significantly more leakage with the thermally softened gutta-percha technique than with lateral condensation (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in leakage between the groups obturated with lateral condensation (p > 0.005) but, with the thermoplasticized technique, there was more leakage with the sealer Sealapex (p < 0.05).

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Gutta-Percha; Hot Temperature; Humans; Random Allocation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Statistics, Nonparametric

This study compared the linear leakage patterns shown by 5% aqueous solution of methylene blue (MB) and India ink (II). One-hundred and twenty-five roots with single canals from extracted human teeth were used. The canals were cleaned and shaped using the step-back technique under copious irrigation. Three groups were arranged to receive root fillings of gutta-percha and one of three proprietary sealers using standard lateral condensation techniques: Sealapex (40 roots), Tubli-Seal (40 roots) and Ketac-Endo (20 roots). The remaining roots were used as controls: positive with gutta-percha and no sealer and negative with the apices sealed with nail varnish. The roots were randomly selected for 7-day immersion in either MB or II, then sectioned longitudinally; dye penetration was assessed using a Wild Leitz stereomicroscope. In all groups MB showed more penetration than II. The results were statistically significant at the P = 0.01 level, with the exception of the positive control groups. Negative controls showed no penetration. It is concluded that MB, which has a low molecular weight penetrated more deeply along root canal fillings than II, which has a large particle size.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Carbon; Coloring Agents; Dental Leakage; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glass Ionomer Cements; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Materials Testing; Methylene Blue; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Statistics, Nonparametric; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the sealability of a recently introduced thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique (Trifecta, Hygenic Corp., OH, USA) in the presence or absence of a smear layer. A total of 100 teeth with single straight root canals were included in the study. The teeth were decoronated and the canals prepared with a modified double-flared technique under constant irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The apical matrix was prepared to size 40 and apical patency subsequently confirmed with a size 10 file. Four teeth were discarded for technical reasons and the remaining 96 allocated randomly into two groups of 44 teeth and a group of eight teeth which acted as controls. Canals in group 1 were obturated randomly with either cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha or with the Trifecta technique. Canals in Group 2 were rinsed with 17% REDTA to remove the smear layer and then obturated with lateral condensation or the Trifecta technique. All teeth were suspended in India ink for 9 days, demineralized, and rendered transparent prior to the assessment of apical linear dye penetration. Apical extrusion of sealer and gutta-percha occurred commonly but there was no significant difference between the four obturation groups. However, overall, there was significantly more extrusion of sealer with the Trifecta technique compared with lateral condensation (P < 0.05). The majority of canals (79 out of 88) had no evidence of apical leakage and there was no significant difference between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Leakage; Gutta-Percha; Hot Temperature; Humans; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Smear Layer; Statistics, Nonparametric

Determination of leakage using a fluid transport model allows measurement of leakage in a longitudinal manner. Leakage of four sealers at three different thicknesses in 225 bovine root sections, after storage in water for 1 year, was measured again using the same methodology. The change in seal over time for each sealer was observed. The results after the second measurement showed that every sealer produced the best seal when the sealer layer was the thinnest. AH26, Ketac-Endo and Tubli-Seal showed a reduction in leakage over time and gave significantly less leakage than Sealapex (P<0.005). Sealapex showed significantly more leakage after storing in water for 1 year (P<0.005). Therefore, the long-lasting seal of sealer may, among other influencing factors, depend on the layer thickness and the solubility of the material.

Topics: Animals; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Cattle; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glass Ionomer Cements; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Solubility; Time Factors; Titanium; Water; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of this study was to observe the quality of seal of the glass ionomer cement, Ketac-Endo, after treatment of the root canal wall. The root canals of 140 extracted human teeth were prepared biomechanically. The root canals were treated with either EDTA or received an intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide or camphorated paramonochlorphenol. The root canals were filled by the lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha points and the sealer Ketac-Endo, or zinc oxide-eugenol cement or Sealapex. The teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue dye solution inside a flask, which was attached to a vacuum pump. Leakage was measured linearly. Sealapex exhibited significantly less leakage than Ketac-Endo or zinc oxide-eugenol cement (P<0.01). The use of EDTA and intermediary dressings reduced significantly (P<0.01) the leakage observed with the zinc oxide-eugenol sealer and Ketac-Endo.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorophenols; Dental Leakage; Edetic Acid; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Three endodontic sealers containing calcium hydroxide (Sealapex, Sealer 26 and Apexit) and a zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Grossman's sealer) were examined for sealing ability, release of hydroxyl ions and flow rate. Dye penetration test was used to assess the sealing ability of the endodontic sealers. The pH test was accomplished to evaluate the release of hydroxyl ions from sealers and the pH readings were done at intervals of 30 min, 60 min and 7 days. In the flow test the sealers were placed between two glass slabs and a weight of 500 g was placed on the top of the glass. The diameters of the formed discs were recorded. The results revealed no statistically significant difference between apical seal provided by the four sealers. All of the calcium hydroxide based sealers alkalinized the surrounding medium. Sealer 26 cement presented significantly superior flow rate when compared with the other cements. These findings indicated that endodontic sealers containing calcium hydroxide presented satisfactory physicochemical properties when compared with a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer commonly used in endodontics.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Barium Sulfate; Bismuth; Borates; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Eugenol; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Materials Testing; Resins, Synthetic; Rheology; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide

The reliability of two commonly used methods of sealability testing, dye leakage under normal atmospheric pressure and dye leakage in a partial vacuum, was tested using a repeated studies design. Forty extracted teeth were instrumented and obturated using lateral condensation of gutta-percha and Sealapex sealer. One-half of the teeth were placed in India ink under normal atmospheric pressure and the other half underwent air evacuation before immersion in the ink. After 24 h the teeth were removed from the ink and rendered transparent for linear leakage analysis. A second study, repeated within the exact parameters of the first, was performed approximately 1 month later. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the air and vacuum groups or within each group (air or vacuum) between trials, indicating that the methodology is repeatable and that application of reduced air pressure did not enhance reliability. A large majority of the teeth placed under partial vacuum showed evidence of vacuum-induced artefacts that may negate the value of vacuum as a research tool.

Topics: Air Pressure; Artifacts; Calcium Hydroxide; Coloring Agents; Dental Leakage; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Statistics, Nonparametric; Vacuum

Sealers play a key role in sealing the root canal system. Fluid transport under a headspace pressure of 50 kPa (0.5 atm) through four sealers, AH26, Ketac-Endo, Sealapex and Tubli-Seal at a thickness of 0.05, 0.25 or 3 mm, was determined using 240 standard bovine root sections which were obturated with either sealer only or sealer combined with standard gutta-percha cylinders. AH26 and Sealapex sealed more tightly than Ketac-Endo or Tubli-Seal when used without gutta-percha; AH26, Ketac-Endo, and Sealapex sealed more tightly than Tubli-Seal when the sealer layer was 0.25 mm thick, while Ketac-Endo sealed more tightly than the other three sealers when the sealer layer was 0.05 mm thick. These findings indicate that the thickness of the sealer layer influences the sealing ability of a root canal filling.

Topics: Animals; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Cattle; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Methenamine; Rheology; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Time Factors; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Incisor; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of apical dye penetration when different sealers were used with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. Fifty teeth with single root canals were biomechanically prepared using the step-back technique and irrigation with 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with cetrimide and 1% NaOCl solutions. The teeth were divided into five groups of 10 teeth each. The control group root canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha without sealer and the other four groups were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and either Apexit, Sealapex, Tubli-Seal, or AH-26 sealer. After storage in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 48 h, the root surfaces were coated with nail varnish (except at the apex), placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution, and centrifuged at 30 x g for 3 min. The roots were sectioned longitudinally to determine the following mean levels of dye penetration: AH-26, 0.48 mm; Apexit, 1.33 mm; Sealapex, 4.59 mm; Tubli-Seal, 5.58 mm; and gutta-percha alone, 7.99 mm. This study demonstrated that a root canal sealer should be used in conjunction with laterally condensed gutta-percha and that AH-26 sealer had significantly less dye penetration than the other three sealers while Apexit had significantly less dye penetration than Sealapex and Tubli-Seal. There was no significant difference between Sealapex and Tubli-Seal.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Sealing properties of four different retrograde filling materials were investigated in vitro. Radioactive isotopes were applied in the root canal, and leakage into an extraradicular fluid was measured at regular intervals. The method permitted repeated observation of the specimens over prolonged periods of time. Forty single-rooted human teeth were biomechanically instrumented and obturated using calcium-hydroxide paste. Following obturation, an apicectomy was performed and retrograde cavities were filled with four different materials: group 1, non gamma 2 amalgam (Amalcap); group 2, glass ionomer cement (Ketac Silver); group 3, calcium-hydroxide-based root canal sealer (Sealapex); group 4, composite resin (Palfique Light-S). After removal of the calcium hydroxide, the teeth were immersed in a fluid. An isotope solution was then placed in the root canals. Samples were taken from the fluid at 0, 3, 7, 28, 56, 105, 210, 285 and 376 days to determine the radioactivity. It was found that Sealapex and Palfique Light-S showed significantly less leakage than amalgam and glass ionomer cement, which had the highest apical leakage.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Calcium Hydroxide; Cermet Cements; Composite Resins; Dental Amalgam; Dental Leakage; Humans; Materials Testing; Radionuclide Imaging; Retrograde Obturation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the apical seal provided by thermoplasticized root canal obturations depends on the film thickness of the sealer used. The root canals of 120 maxillary cuspid teeth were instrumented and divided into six equal groups of 20 teeth. A thermoplasticized gutta-percha root canal obturator was used to make an impression of the lubricated canal and coated with a sealer cement before reseating. Five different sealer cements of known film thickness were studied. They were, in the decreasing order of film thickness, Roth's Type I Cement, Seal-apex, Lee Endofil, AH26, and Ketac-Cem. The control group that received no sealer was prepared as recommended by the manufacturer. The degree of microleakage was based on the depth of dye penetration from the apical end measured by two independent examiners. The data collected were analyzed by analysis of variance and Weibull distribution. Analysis of variance shows that the control group exhibited significantly higher dye penetration depth (p < 0.05) while there were no significant differences among the other five groups. Analysis by Weibull distribution function shows that Lee Endofil and AH26 exhibited a higher percentage of lower linear dye penetration values compared with other groups.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Gutta-Percha; Magnesium Oxide; Materials Testing; Methenamine; Polycarboxylate Cement; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Silver; Titanium; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Previous studies have shown that lateral condensation of gutta-percha and sealer can provide an adequate apical seal. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of apical dye penetration when different sealers were used. One-hundred twenty-five teeth with single root canals were biomechanically prepared using the step-back technique and irrigation with EDTAC and 1% NaOCl solutions. The teeth were divided into five groups of 25 teeth each. The control group root canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and no sealer and the other four groups were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and either Apexit, Sealapex, Tubli-Seal, or AH26 sealer. After storage in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 48 h, the root surfaces were coated with nail varnish (except at the apex) and placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution and centrifuged at 3 x g for 3 min. The roots were sectioned transversely at 1-mm intervals to determine the following mean levels of dye penetrations: Apexit, 1.67 mm; Sealapex, 2.28 mm; Tubli-Seal, 1.95 mm; AH26, 0.82 mm; and gutta-percha alone, 8.37 mm. This study demonstrated that a root canal sealer should be used in conjunction with laterally condensed gutta-percha and that AH26 sealer provides a significantly better apical seal than the other sealers.

Topics: Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Coloring Agents; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Humans; Materials Testing; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Silver; Titanium; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

A calcium hydroxide sealer (Sealapex) was compared with a zinc oxide and eugenol sealer (Tubli-Seal) over a 32-wk interval to examine solubility in an in vitro simulation. After obturation with gutta-percha and the appropriate sealer, specimens were immediately immersed in a saline solution to challenge the sealers' solubility. The solutions were changed weekly to allow for a continued dissolution of the sealers and to prevent establishment of an equilibrium between the solution and the sealers. The 2- and 32-wk specimens were removed from the solutions, immersed in India ink for 3 days, and then made transparent by a clearing process. Microscopic examination was used to determine the linear penetration of the ink for each tooth. Results revealed that Sealapex statistically had no greater dissolution (based upon linear penetration) than Tubli-Seal at both 2 and 32 wk. It is suggested that Sealapex has a sealing ability comparable to Tubli-Seal and can withstand long-term exposure to tissue fluids without significant leakage. This may allow time for the biochemical action of the calcium hydroxide to stimulate physiological calcification of the apical foramen.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Coloring Agents; Dental Leakage; Humans; Materials Testing; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Solubility; Time Factors; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The influence of a smear layer on the adhesion of sealer cements to dentin was assessed in recently extracted human anterior teeth. A total of 120 samples was tested, 40 per sealer; 20 each with and without the smear layer. The teeth were split longitudinally, and the internal surfaces were ground flat. One-half of each tooth was left with the smear layer intact, while the other half had the smear removed by washing for 3 min with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl. Evidence of the ability to remove the smear layer was verified by scanning electron microscopy. Using a specially designed jig, the sealer was placed into a 4-mm wide x 4-mm deep well which was then set onto the tooth at a 90-degree angle and allowed to set for 7 days in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C. This set-up was then placed into a mounting jig which was designed for the Instron Universal Testing Machine so that only a tensile load was applied without shearing or applying preloading forces. The set-up was subjected to a tensile load at a crosshead speed of 1 mm per min. The results show significant differences (p less than 0.001) among AH26, Sultan, and Sealapex, with AH26 being the strongest and Sealapex being the weakest. The only significant difference with regard to the presence or absence of the smear layer was found with AH26, which had a stronger bond when the smear layer was removed.

Topics: Adhesiveness; Analysis of Variance; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dentin; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Eugenol; Humans; Materials Testing; Methenamine; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Silver; Tensile Strength; Titanium; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

A study was performed to compare apical leakage in the root canals of teeth obturated with gutta-percha, Sealapex and calciobiotic root canal sealer. The results showed that all materials failed to produce an effective apical seal and that the degree of leakage increased with time.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Calcium Sulfate; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dental Pulp Cavity; Drug Combinations; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Methylene Blue; Polyvinyls; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide

It was the purpose of this study to determine the sealing ability of 2 commercially available calcium hydroxide-containing root canal sealers, CRCS and Sealapex. One hundred sixty single-rooted human teeth were used. The clinical crowns were removed and the roots were cleaned mechanically and by immersion for 24 h in 5% sodium hypochlorite. The root canals were then instrumented to size 80 at the apical foramen and the roots were sterilized by gamma-radiation. Under aseptic conditions the root canals were filled with a gutta-percha master cone size 70 and Sealapex (48 roots), CRCS (48 roots), and a zinc oxide-eugenol type sealer, Roth 801 (50 roots). The coronal aspects of the root canals were then sealed with zinc oxide-eugenol cement. In order to bring the roots and root filling materials in contact with tissue and tissue fluids, the roots were implanted subcutaneously in rabbits for 90 days and 1 year. Leakage as demonstrated by penetration of India ink was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The best results were obtained with CRCS. Significantly less leakage occurred with both calcium hydroxide-containing sealers than with the traditional zinc oxide-eugenol sealer.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Leakage; Humans; Root Canal Obturation; Salicylates; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The effect of human blood and moisture contamination on the sealing ability of six commonly used root canal sealers was studied. The materials tested--Tubliseal, Diaket, AH26, Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers--were placed in root canals with laterally condensed gutta-percha. The specimens were immediately immersed in blood or saline solution or kept dry for 2 hours. All the teeth were then subjected to methylene blue dye for 1 hour. A comparison of the seal was made by observation of dye penetration around the filling materials. Under all conditions, Tubliseal exhibited the least amount of marginal penetration, followed by AH 26. There was no significant difference in the depth of dye penetration between Diaket and Tubliseal in dry and wet conditions. Although AH 26, Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers showed comparable sealing ability under dry conditions, the sealing ability of AH 26 and Diaket was superior to that of Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers in moisture contamination. A significant drop in the seals afforded by AH26, Diaket, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers was recorded when these materials were immersed in blood. On the other hand, immersion in blood caused no significant change in the sealing ability of Nogenol.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bismuth; Blood; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dexamethasone; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Fatty Acids; Formaldehyde; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Polyvinyls; Resins, Plant; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Silver; Thymol; Titanium; Water; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Drug Combinations; Fatty Acids; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Resins, Plant; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Thymol; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement