salicylates and Dental-Caries

Various hypotheses have been introduced and discussed in the past decade to explain the aetiology of caries and paradontopathies: Non-specific/group-specific/specific plaque hypothesis, exogenic plaque hypothesis, ecological change theory. Principles and strategies of chemotherapy for dental plaque-related ailments are treated on the basis of these theories.

Topics: Amines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cariostatic Agents; Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Fluorides; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Salicylates; Terpenes; Tin Fluorides

Patients susceptible to periodontal disease and dental caries, including those who undergo fixed prosthodontic treatments use chemical plaque control agents. However, these mouthrinses may result in adverse effects such as discoloration of the restorative materials. The aim of this study was to compare the color stability of monolithic zirconia and feldspathic porcelain after immersion in two different mouthrinses: 0.2% Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or Listerine®. Color change was evaluated by color spectrophotometer and according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIELab) system.. We prepared 72 disc-shaped porcelains (n = 36) as follows: Group A consisted of dental direkt cube X2 discs (49% translucency) as the monolithic zirconia and group B consisted of VITA VMK 95 as a feldspathic porcelain. Groups A and B were divided into three subgroups (n = 12 per group). Each subgroup was immersed in one of the following three solutions: distilled water (control), CHX, or Listerine® for 2 min, once per day. We recorded the samples' baseline color values according to the CIELab system by using a color spectrophotometer operated by an experienced operator. Color measurements were subsequently obtained following 7 days of immersion, and after the samples were rinsed with distilled water and allowed to dry. We measured CIE L*, a*, and b*and calculated the color difference (ΔE*ab). All data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.. Color changes occurred in the experimental groups. The ΔE*ab values were significantly greater in VMK 95 porcelain compared to cube X2 (both p < 0.001) following immersion in CHX and Listerine® mouthrinses. However no significant difference was founded when distilled water was used (p = 0.630). For the two materials, the ΔE values were highest in CHX, followed by the Listerine® and distilled water.. Both monolithic zirconia and feldspathic porcelain were susceptible to color changes following immersion in CHX and Listerine® mouthrinses.

Topics: Chlorhexidine; Color; Dental Alloys; Dental Caries; Dental Porcelain; Drug Combinations; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mouthwashes; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Surface Properties; Terpenes; Zirconium

Previous evaluations of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract were not done in conditions similar to the oral environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. cattleianum leaf extract on enamel demineralisation, extracellular polysaccharide formation, and the microbial composition of dental biofilms formed in situ.. Ten volunteers took part in this crossover study. They wore palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks for 14 days. Each volunteer dripped 20% sucrose 8 times per day on the enamel blocks. Twice a day, deionised water (negative control), extract, or a commercial mouthwash (active control) was dripped after sucrose application. On the 12th and 13th days of the experiment, plaque acidogenicity was measured with a microelectrode, and the pH drop was calculated. On the 14th day, biofilms were harvested and total anaerobic microorganisms (TM), total streptococci (TS), mutans streptococci (MS), and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were evaluated. Enamel demineralisation was evaluated by the percentage change of surface microhardness (%ΔSMH) and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The researcher was blinded to the treatments during data collection.. The extract group showed lower TM, TS, MS, EPS, %ΔSMH, and ΔKHN values than the negative control group. There were no differences between the active and negative control groups regarding MS and EPS levels. There were no differences in pH drop between the extract and active control groups, although they were significantly different from the negative control group. For all other parameters, the extract differed from the active control group.. Psidium cattleianum leaf extract exhibits a potential anticariogenic effect.

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biofilms; Cariostatic Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Drug Combinations; Hardness; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Psidium; Salicylates; Streptococcus; Sucrose; Terpenes; Tooth Demineralization

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biofilms; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorhexidine; Chlorine Compounds; Dental Caries; Dental Hygienists; Drug Combinations; Evidence-Based Dentistry; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Mouthwashes; Oxides; Patient Participation; Patient Preference; Professional-Patient Relations; Salicylates; Terpenes; Xerostomia; Young Adult

Dental caries is a polymicrobial disease and complicated to treat. Understanding the microbiota responses to treatment from different individuals is a key factor in developing effective treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the 24-h posttreatment effect of two oral antiseptics (chlorhexidine and Listerine) on species composition of microplate plaque biofilms that had been initiated from the saliva of five different donors and grown in both 0.15% and 0.5% sucrose. Plaque composition was analyzed using checkerboard DNA : DNA hybridization analysis, which comprised of a panel of 40 species associated with oral health and disease. The supernatant pH of the plaques grown in 0.15% sucrose ranged from 4.3 to 6 and in 0.5% sucrose, it ranged from 3.8 to 4. Plaque biomass was largely unaffected by either antiseptic. Each donor had a different salivary microbial profile, differentiating according to the prevalence of either caries or periodontal/anaerobic pathogens. Despite similar plaque microbiota compositions being elicited through the sucrose growth conditions, microbiota responses to chlorhexidine and Listerine differentiated according to the donor. These findings indicate that efficacious caries treatments would depend on the responses of an individual's microbiota, which may differ from person to person.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Biomass; Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Ecosystem; Humans; Mouthwashes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Periodontitis; Salicylates; Saliva; Terpenes; Treatment Outcome

Neurocutaneous syndrome, a newly discovered toxicity disorder, is characterized by neurological sensations, pain, depleted energy, and memory loss as well as itchy cutaneous lesions that may invite various opportunistic infections. Components in the calcium hydroxide dental sealants Dycal, Life and Sealapex have been identified as sources of the observed symptoms. Sulfonamide and neurological toxicity issues are discussed, and three case histories are presented. Additional notes on zinc oxide, Fynal, IRM, and Sultan U/P sealers are also included. Diagnostic and management protocols at the Parasitology Center, Inc., are proposed.

Topics: Adult; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Humans; Inlays; Minerals; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Reoperation; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Mouthwashes; Salicylates; Terpenes

To evaluate the efficacy of a fluoride dentifrice containing a fixed combination of essential oils (Thymol, Menthol, Eucalyptol, and Methyl Salicylate) in preventing caries in Sprague Dawley rats.. The dentifrice contains 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP) as the fluoride source and a silica abrasive system. A fluoride-free placebo and a clinically proven USP dentifrice reference standard for SMFP/silica were included as controls. Three groups of 45 SDV-free Sprague Dawley weanlings were infected by a cariogenic strain of Streptococcus sobrinus and fed cariogenic diet NIH 2000 ad libitum. Animals were treated twice daily (once on weekends) with the assigned dentifrice using a cotton-tipped applicator, for 5 wks, after which they were terminated and caries scored using Larson's modification of the Keyes method.. Analyses of variance were used to compare inter-group means, the total E lesion score was the primary efficacy variable. Compared with the fluoride-free vehicle control, the experimental dentifrice and USP reference standard dentifrice produced a statistically significant reductions of 18.3% and 12.2% respectively for total caries score (P<0.001). Compared with the clinically tested USP positive control dentifrice, the experimental dentifrice produced a statistically significant reduction in the total caries score of 6.9% (P=0.028). The results of this study show that 1) both the new dentifrice containing essential oils and USP dentifrice are statistically significantly effective in reducing caries in the rat model, 2) the anticaries activity of the SMFP dentifrice is not adversely affected with the addition of essential oils.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cariostatic Agents; Cyclohexanols; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Dentifrices; Diet, Cariogenic; Disease Models, Animal; Eucalyptol; Eucalyptus; Fluorides; Gingivitis; Menthol; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Phosphates; Placebos; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salicylates; Silicon Dioxide; Single-Blind Method; Streptococcus sobrinus; Terpenes; Thymol

The influence of acid type (pKa effects) of weak organic acid buffers on dissolution kinetics of dental enamel was critically examined for rigorous testing of the behavioral validity of the physical model of Patel et al. (1987). Quantitative evaluation of this model indicated that monitoring initial dissolution rates was a viable approach to critical testing of the model. Initial dissolution rates were determined in 0.1 mol/L acetate (pKa = 4.77), benzoate (pKa = 4.20), and salicylate (pKa = 2.98) buffers (pH = 4.50, mu = 0.50), with ground bovine enamel blocks of known surface area mounted in a rotating disk apparatus. The Levich theory was used to study dependence of dissolution rates on stirring rates in these buffers. The experimental data were analyzed by the physical model which includes pKa effects, complexation of the buffer anion with the other ions, surface kinetics, simultaneous diffusion and equilibrium of all species in enamel pores, diffusion layer thickness, and bulk solution composition. The KIAP (formula: see text) governing the dissolution reaction and the surface resistance factor were deduced from the model. Dissolution kinetics was also followed in these buffers in the presence of calcium or phosphate common ions. In effect, by conducting both the stirring rate studies and common ion experiments, we derived the driving force function independently by these two techniques. The results obtained in this study were consistent with the model, indicating that pKa effects on the dissolution of dental enamel can be accounted for quantitatively by the model, and it was found that weak acids do not influence either the apparent solubility or the surface reaction process of bovine dental enamel.

Topics: Acetates; Animals; Benzoates; Calcium; Carboxylic Acids; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Solubility; Durapatite; Hydroxyapatites; Kinetics; Mathematics; Phosphates; Salicylates