salicylates and Central-Nervous-System-Diseases

Topics: Acetaminophen; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apazone; Aspirin; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diclofenac; Drug Hypersensitivity; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Ibuprofen; Indomethacin; Ketoprofen; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Naproxen; Phenylbutazone; Piroxicam; Salicylates; Thiazines

Topics: Altitude Sickness; Central Nervous System Diseases; Dextropropoxyphene; Drowning; Ethchlorvynol; Hemodynamics; Heroin; Humans; Lung; Oxygen; Pancreatitis; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Therapy; Salicylates; Smoke; Syndrome

Using the American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System, we studied the effect of age upon salicylate toxicity in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Data were gathered from 545 patients by self-reported questionnaires for the 6 months and also the 7 days before the visit of interest. With one week data and weight adjusted doses in 253 patients in whom data were available, age related differences in lower gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.05) and tinnitus (p = 0.01) were found, despite the fact that elderly patients (E) took less salicylate than younger ones (y)--E [39.1 +/- 2.4 (SD) mg/kg/day] vs Y [49.8 +/- 3.89 mg/kg/day] (p = 0.02). Our data indicate a difference in salicylate dynamics among the elderly (i.e., increased toxicity in the face of decreased salicylate doses).

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Central Nervous System Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Tinnitus

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspirin; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Interactions; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Salicylates

To evaluate the relative severity of acute vs chronic salicylate poisoning in children, 112 cases (65 acute and 47 chronic) of salicylate poisoning (salicylate concentration greater than or equal to 20 mg/100 ml) admitted to The Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston and Primary Children's Medical Center in Salt Lake City between the years 1967 and 1978 were analyzed. Hyperventilation (P less than .01), dehydration (P less than .001), and severe central nervous system manifestations (P less than .001) occurred more frequently in the chronic group and remained more frequent (P less than .01) when patients having disease states capable of producing these signs and symptoms were removed from statistical analysis. At three separate salicylate concentration ranges (20 to 39, 40 to 59, and greater than or equal to 60 mg/100 ml) hyperventilation, dehydration, and severe CNS manifestations tended to occur with greater frequency in the chronic group. When severity of salicylate poisoning was categorized based on a combination of signs and symptoms, mild cases occurred more frequently in the chronic group. Finally, systemic acidosis (pH less than 7.32) was found more frequently in the chronic group (P less than .01), more frequently in patients with severe manifestations than in those with mild manifestations, and in patients with dehydration (P less than .01) and severe CNS manifestations (P less than .05). Based on the variables evaluated, chronic salicylism produces a greater morbidity than does acute salicylate poisoning in the pediatric patient.

Topics: Acidosis; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dehydration; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Infant; Male; Nausea; Salicylates; Vomiting

Topics: Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Emetics; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hypertonic Solutions; Male; Poisoning; Salicylates; Sodium; Sodium Chloride

A study of 170 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and a review of the literature indicate that this disease can significantly affect the central nervous system. Signs of CNS dysfunction were observed in 13 children. During the acute toxic stages the EEG is abnormal in many cases. Other manifestations of toxic encephalopathy such as irritability, drowsiness, stupor, convulsions and marked meningismus may be evident in severe cases. Meningitis is often suspected but ruled out by the finding of normal CSF. Steroids can rapidly improve the condition of these children. If ;unexplained' seizures occur during the chronic stage, the diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis should be entertained.

Topics: Arthritis, Juvenile; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningism; Prednisone; Salicylates; Seizures; Spinal Puncture

Topics: Adult; Central Nervous System Diseases; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Phenytoin; Poisoning; Primidone; Salicylates