salicylates and Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning

Intoxications present in many forms including: known drug overdose or toxic exposure, illicit drug use, suicide attempt, accidental exposure, and chemical or biological terrorism. A high index of suspicion and familiarity with toxidromes can lead to early diagnosis and intervention in critically ill, poisoned patients. Despite a paucity of evidence-based information on the management of intoxicated patients, a rational and systematic approach can be life saving.

Topics: Acidosis; Amphetamines; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Critical Illness; Hospitalization; Humans; Insecticides; Methemoglobinemia; Organophosphorus Compounds; Osmolar Concentration; Poisoning; Salicylates

Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antidotes; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Ethylene Glycol; Hemoperfusion; Humans; Methanol; Poisoning; Renal Dialysis; Salicylates

Topics: 1-Propanol; Alcoholic Intoxication; Amphetamine; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Chloral Hydrate; Chlordiazepoxide; Dextropropoxyphene; Diazepam; Ethchlorvynol; Glutethimide; Heroin; Humans; Meprobamate; Methadone; Methanol; Morphine; Orphenadrine; Paraldehyde; Pentazocine; Phenothiazines; Phenytoin; Poisoning; Quinine; Salicylates; Toxicology; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Acids; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alkalies; Antidotes; Arsenic Poisoning; Atropa belladonna; Barbiturates; Benzene; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Humans; India; Kerosene; Mercury Poisoning; Opium; Organophosphate Poisoning; Petroleum; Phenothiazines; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Poisoning; Salicylates; Sulfonamides; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Animals; Bites and Stings; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Cubozoa; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Dialysis; Salicylates; Snake Bites; Toxicology

Carbon monoxide poisoning produces both immediate and delayed neuronal injury in selective regions of the brain that is not readily explained on the basis of tissue hypoxia. One possibility is that cellular injury during and after CO poisoning is related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that the extent of ROS generation in the brain would be greater after CO than after hypoxic hypoxia due to intracellular uptake of CO. We assessed hydroxyl radical (OH.) production by comparing the nonenzymatic hydroxylation of salicylic acid to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) in the hippocampus of the rat by microdialysis during either CO hypoxia or an exposure to hypoxic hypoxia that produced similar PO2 and cerebral blood flow (CBF) values in the region of microdialysis. We found neither control animals nor animals exposed to 30 min of hypoxic hypoxia at a mean tissue PO2 of 15 mmHg demonstrated significant increases in 2,3-DHBA production in the hippocampus over the 2-h the exposure. In contrast, CO exposed rats which also developed brain PO2 values in the range of 15 mmHg showed highly significant increases in 2,3-DHBA production. We conclude that cerebral oxidative stress in the hippocampus of the rat during CO hypoxia in vivo is not a direct effect of decreased tissue oxygen concentration.

Topics: Animals; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hemoglobins; Hippocampus; Hydroxybenzoates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hydroxylation; Hypoxia; Male; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuronal injury after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Severe CO poisoning is treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), which eliminates CO quickly from hemoglobin and body tissue stores, but has a potential to increase ROS generation. In this study, the effects of HBO on generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO.) in the brain after CO poisoning in rats was investigated using nonenzymatic hydroxylation of salicylic acid to 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) as a probe. In control studies, the concentrations of 2,3-DHBA after HBO in brain mitochondria and postmitochondrial supernatant (cytosol) were similar to air-exposed animals. After CO poisoning, 2,3-DHBA concentration increased in brain mitochondria but not in the cytosol. After CO exposure and HBO administration at 1.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA), a decrease in 2,3-DHBA production was detected in brain mitochondria. After CO and HBO at 2.5 ATA, 2,3-DHBA concentration increased in both mitochondria and cytosol. The oxidant scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline, administered to CO poisoned rats after HBO at 2.5 ATA, diminished 2,3-DHBA production in both subcellular compartments. These findings indicate that brain HO. production can be either diminished or accelerated after severe CO poisoning depending on the oxygen partial pressure employed during therapy.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Cytosol; Hydroxybenzoates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hydroxylation; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Several variables must be considered in the treatment of a poisoned child, including the particular substance, the individual child, and the child's home environment. General principles of treatment are described, and the management of particular substances, including household cleaning products, petroleum distillate hydrocarbons, and salicylates, is detailed. The family should not leave the emergency room without instruction on prevention of poisoning.

Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Antidotes; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Cathartics; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergencies; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Household Products; Humans; Infant; Iron; Petroleum; Plant Poisoning; Poisoning; Salicylates; Sympathomimetics; Time Factors

Topics: Accidents; Alcoholic Intoxication; Antidepressive Agents; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Foodborne Diseases; Germany, West; Glutethimide; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Insecticides; Lead Poisoning; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Methanol; Poisoning; Salicylates; Solvents; Suicide; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Digitoxin; Digoxin; Humans; Lead Poisoning; Poisoning; Salicylates

Topics: Amitriptyline; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Coma; Electroencephalography; Fungi; Humans; Imipramine; Insecticides; Isoniazid; Poisoning; Resuscitation; Salicylates; Time Factors; Trichloroethylene

Topics: Acetaminophen; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Humans; Poisoning; Salicylates

A review of the 637 out of a total of 941 consecutive cases of acute poisoning admitted to an acute medical unit without special facilities for the treatment of poisoning has shown that despite considerable limitations in the medical, nursing, and laboratory facilities available the results compare favourably with those reported from specialized units.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Diuresis; Female; Gastric Lavage; Hospital Departments; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Psychotherapy; Respiration, Artificial; Salicylates; Scotland; Suicide

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barbiturates; Body Temperature; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypotension; Intensive Care Units; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Rectum; Respiration; Salicylates; Seasons; Tranquilizing Agents; Unconsciousness

Topics: Alcohols; Antimony; Arsenic Poisoning; Barbiturates; Bismuth; Bromides; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Child; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Iron; Kerosene; Lead Poisoning; Mercury Poisoning; Methods; Parathion; Phenothiazines; Poisoning; Quinidine; Quinine; Salicylates; Strychnine; Sulfanilamides

Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Barbiturates; Blood Circulation; Carbamates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; France; Humans; Hypoxia; Lung Diseases; Morphinans; Phenothiazines; Poisoning; Respiration; Salicylates; Seizures; Trichloroethylene; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Female; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Resuscitation; Salicylates; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Scotland; Self Mutilation; Sex Factors; Suicide

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Salicylates; Seasons; Sex Factors; Wales

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohols; Analgesics; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Cardiac Glycosides; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Middle Aged; Paris; Pesticides; Poisoning; Resuscitation; Salicylates; Trichloroethylene

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Salicylates; Stress, Physiological; Suicide; Wales

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antidotes; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Child; Coma; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiration, Artificial; Salicylates; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidotes; Atropine; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Chlorpromazine; Deferoxamine; England; Gastric Lavage; Heart Massage; Humans; Meperidine; Morphine; Oxygen; Paraldehyde; Phenobarbital; Poisoning; Salicylates; Suicide; Wales

Topics: Adolescent; Barbiturates; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Central Nervous System Stimulants; England; Gastric Lavage; Geriatrics; Hospitals, General; Humans; London; Mental Disorders; Poisoning; Salicylates; Statistics as Topic; Stomach; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted