salicylates and Asthma

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) refers to the combination of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and acute upper and lower respiratory tract reactions to the ingestion of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) and other cyclooxygenase-1 inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AERD affects 0.3-0.9 % of the general population. AERD generally occurs due to abnormalities in mediators and expression of arachidonic acid biosynthesis. Local IgE responses to staphylococcal enterotoxins may also be responsible for eosinophilic activation in the nasal polyp tissues of AERD patients. Clinical features of AERD include the onset of nasal congestion with anosmia, progressing to chronic pansinusitis and nasal polyps that regrow rapidly after surgery. Aspirin desensitization, Leukotriene-modifying agents, biologic agents, management of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis are recommended as treatment modalities. Immunotherapy is prescribed only to those AERD patients who experience clear seasonal or perennial allergy symptoms in addition to the symptoms attributable to chronic nasal polyposis. There are also investigational and dietary therapies. In this review, the important aspects of AERD will be presented, along with a literature survey.

Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Aspirin; Asthma; Desensitization, Immunologic; Diet; Humans; Immunotherapy; Leukotriene Antagonists; Nasal Polyps; Omalizumab; Rhinitis; Salicylates; Sinusitis

Alcoholic drinks are capable of triggering a wide range of allergic and allergic-like responses, including rhinitis, itching, facial swelling, headache, cough and asthma. Limited epidemiological data suggests that many individuals are affected and that sensitivities occur to a variety of drinks, including wine, beer and spirits. In surveys of asthmatics, over 40% reported the triggering of allergic or allergic-like symptoms following alcoholic drink consumption and 30 - 35% reported worsening of their asthma. Sensitivity to ethanol itself can play a role in triggering adverse responses, particularly in Asians, which is due mainly to a reduced capacity to metabolize acetaldehyde. In Caucasians, specific non-alcohol components are the main cause of sensitivities to alcoholic drinks. Allergic sensitivities to specific components of beer, spirits and distilled liquors have been described. Wine is clearly the most commonly reported trigger for adverse responses. Sensitivities to wine appear to be due mainly to pharmacological intolerances to specific components, such as biogenic amines and the sulphite additives. Histamine in wine has been associated with the triggering of a wide spectrum of adverse symptoms, including sneezing, rhinitis, itching, flushing, headache and asthma. The sulphite additives in wine have been associated with triggering asthmatic responses. Clinical studies have confirmed sensitivities to the sulphites in wine in limited numbers of individuals, but the extent to which the sulphites contribute to wine sensitivity overall is not clear. The aetiology of wine-induced asthmatic responses may be complex and may involve several co-factors.

Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Asthma; Biogenic Amines; Ethanol; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Rhinitis; Salicylates; Sulfites

There is much (renewed) interest about the effects of salicylates on food intolerance, attention-deficit disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Current evidence for the efficacy of salicylate-elimination diets in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders and hyperactivity is weak, and further investigation is required on the relationship between salicylates and cardiovascular disease.

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Diseases; Food; Food Analysis; Humans; Hyperkinesis; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Salicylates; Urticaria

Topics: Asthma; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Bronchitis; Cough; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Failure; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Pruritus; Pulmonary Embolism; Radiography, Thoracic; Respiratory Sounds; Salicylates

A poor therapeutic response may be explained by incomplete or erroneous diagnostic assessment, by failure to employ optimal drug doses and combinations, or by inadequate attention to the non-pharmacologic aspects of management. Poor compliance and counterproductive patient attitudes may need to be addressed. These problems and the approach to asthma concomitant with other diseases are discussed.

Topics: Asthma; Diabetes Complications; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyspnea, Paroxysmal; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hyperventilation; Occupational Diseases; Patient Compliance; Physician-Patient Relations; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salicylates; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Sympathomimetics; Theophylline; Thyroid Diseases

Topics: Aspirin; Asthma; Drug Hypersensitivity; Food Additives; Food Preservatives; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Asthma; Epilepsy; Hypoxia; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Myasthenia Gravis; Salicylates; Tetanus; Toxicology; Wounds and Injuries

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is comprised of aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity, bronchial asthma, and nasal polyposis. Treatment of this condition is challenging and may include topical/systemic steroids, endoscopic sinus surgery, and/or aspirin desensitization.. A prospective crossover pilot study (n = 10) was conducted in which patients were randomized into either of 2 groups with 6 weeks of regular diet (R) or 6 weeks of a low salicylate diet (LS).. The study was conducted in a tertiary otolaryngology clinic.. Patients with AERD were enrolled in the study.. Subjective (Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 [SNOT-22], Nasal Sinus Symptom Scale [NSSS], and the Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 [ACQ-7]) and objective outcome instruments (Peri-Operative Sinus Evaluation [POSE] and Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score [LKES]) were used to evaluate patients at baseline, 6 weeks (at crossover), and 12 weeks.. Wilcoxon rank sum tests demonstrated that patients on the low salicylate diet had improved scores compared to their regular diet when evaluated by 4 of the 5 outcome measures (SNOT-22 pLS = 0.0059, NSSS pLS = 0.0195, LKES pLS = 0.0039, POSE pLS = 0.005).. Results of the pilot study indicate that implementation of a low salicylate diet improves the nasal symptoms and nasal endoscopy findings of individuals with AERD. Further research is required to support these findings.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Asthma; Cross-Over Studies; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Polyps; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Rhinitis; Salicylates; Single-Blind Method; Sinusitis

Aspirin, a cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitor, is the antiplatelet drug of choice to prevent serious vascular events. Adverse reactions to aspirin are frequent particularly among patients with asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. COX-1 inhibitors but not COX-2 inhibitors precipitate asthma attacks. Triflusal is a preferential COX-2 inhibitor antiplatelet agent that is as effective as aspirin in the prevention of serious vascular events. The aim of the study was to assess the tolerability of triflusal in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).. We studied 26 asthma patients [11 males, aged 52 (23-75) years] who had suffered asthma episodes triggered by one or more (23% of patients) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aspirin sensitivity was confirmed by either intranasal or oral aspirin challenge. All subjects underwent a single-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenge with three doses of triflusal separated by 1 week (first cumulative dose = 225 mg; second cumulative dose = 450 mg; third cumulative dose = 900 mg). Cutaneous, respiratory, general symptoms and lung function were monitored for 4 h in the laboratory and for 24 h at home.. No clinical reactions to triflusal were observed. There were no significant changes in lung function measurements.. Our study appears to demonstrate that triflusal is a suitable alternative to aspirin as antiplatelet agent to prevent AERD.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Asthma; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Probability; Reference Values; Respiratory Function Tests; Risk Assessment; Salicylates; Severity of Illness Index; Single-Blind Method; Treatment Outcome

Aspirin (ASA) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, precipitate asthmatic attacks in ASA-intolerant patients, while sodium salicylate, hardly active on COX by itself, is well tolerated by these patients. However, salicylate moiety appears to interfere with aspirin inhibitory action on platelets and vascular COX. Such interaction, if present at the level of respiratory tract, may be of interest to pathogenesis of ASA-induced asthma. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study on the effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT, trilisate) pre-treatment on ASA-induced adverse reactions in nine patients. Pulmonary function tests, nasal symptoms score, PNIF and serum salicylate levels were monitored following challenges with threshold doses of ASA. Trilisate administered at a dose of 3000 mg daily for 3 days, offered a moderate protection against ASA-induced symptoms; it diminished the severity and/or delayed the appearance of FEV1 fall. Maximal decreases in FEV1 as well as reaction intensity indexes were significantly lower (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.002, respectively) after trilisate pre-treatment as compared to placebo. Trilisate also attenuated nasal symptoms in three out of five patients. Although the precise mechanism of the protective action of trilisate is unknown, our data support the possibility of interaction between salicylate and ASA on cyclo-oxygenase locus in the respiratory tract in ASA-intolerant patients.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Choline; Double-Blind Method; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Salicylates

Treatment of inflammatory diseases of asthmatics can be a serious problem since some patients show intolerance to aspirin and other non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs that are cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Salicylates were believed to be well tolerated, but recent reports have demonstrated that diflunisal and salicylsalicylic acid can precipitate asthma attacks in aspirin-intolerant patients. This study was designed to determine the tolerance of choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT), a nonacetylated salicylate with potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, in 23 asthmatics with aspirin hypersensitivity confirmed by oral challenge. The study consisted of three phases: 1) patients received increasing doses (50-1,500 mg) of CMT under a single-blind protocol; 2) patients received either a placebo or CMT challenge in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design; 3) patients received CMT at daily 3,000 mg doses for 1 week. Throughout the study, pulmonary function tests, peak nasal inspiratory flow, and serum salicylate and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels were monitored. Results showed no airway obstruction, nasal congestion or rhinorrhea after CMT. There was no significant decrease in serum TXB2 levels, indicating the absence of cyclooxygenase inhibition with CMT. We conclude that choline magnesium trisalicylate is a safe drug for treatment of different anti-inflammatory disorders in asthmatics with aspirin hypersensitivity.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Asthma; Choline; Double-Blind Method; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Function Tests; Salicylates; Single-Blind Method

Ten aspirin (ASA)-sensitive patients with asthma underwent double-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenges with salsalate followed by ASA-sensitive confirmatory challenges. All 10 patients sustained asthmatic reactions to ASA, but only two developed respiratory reactions to 2 gm of salsalate. In these two patients, repeat confirmatory challenges with 2 gm of salsalate reproduced the same asthmatic reactions. Both patients were desensitized to ASA, and cross-desensitization with 2 gm of salsalate was then achieved. We conclude that salsalate, a weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase in vitro, is less likely than ASA to induce asthma in known ASA-sensitive patients with asthma but may occasionally cross-react in these patients. Such reactions were mild and easily treated with beta 2-agonists.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Aspirin; Asthma; Double-Blind Method; Drug Hypersensitivity; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Salicylates; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Asthma; Histone Acetyltransferases; Inflammation; Interleukin-33; Mice; Salicylates

Severe asthma (SA) database was established in Hungary to estimate the prevalence of SA and to define and analyze clinical phenotypes of the patients.. SA questionnaires were sent out to 143 public pulmonary dispensaries specialized for diagnosing and caring pulmonary patients. Data of 520 SA patients were evaluated.. The prevalence of SA within the asthmatic population in Hungary was 0.89%. The mean age of patients were 56.4 ± 13.4 years, SA were more frequent in females (64%), the prevalence of allergy was 56.6%, 72.1% of patients had persistent airflow limitation (FEV1 < 80%), 37.9% severe airway obstruction (FEV1 ≤ 60%), 33.6% required systemic corticosteroid maintenance therapy, 21.5% had salicylate intolerance and 43.2% rhinosinusitis. A Bayesian dependency network was calculated which revealed several interdependencies between the characteristics. E.g. there was a strong association between salicylate intolerance and rhinosinusitis, more patients received regular systemic corticosteroid treatment who had salicylate intolerance and the proportion of salicylate intolerance was significantly higher in females.. The prevalence of SA was determined in Hungary which was lower than in other studies. Using a Bayesian-based network analysis several interdependencies were revealed between patient characteristics.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Asthma; Bayes Theorem; Female; Humans; Hungary; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Salicylates; Sinusitis; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Anniversaries and Special Events; Antacids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asthma; Bacterial Vaccines; Bismuth; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Nobel Prize; Organometallic Compounds; Peptic Ulcer; Probiotics; Salicylates; Stress, Psychological

Asthma is a multi-factorial and complicated lung disorder of the immune system which has expanded to a wider ambit unveiling its etiology to be omnipresent at both ends of the spectrum involving basic pharmacology and in-depth immunology. As asthma occurs through triggered activation of various immune cells due to different stimuli, it poses a great challenge to uncover specific targets for therapeutic interventions. Recent pharmacotherapeutic approaches for asthma have been focused on molecular targeting of transcription factors and their signaling pathways; mainly nucleus factor kappa B (NFκB) and its associated pathways which orchestrate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, GM-CSF), chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1a, eotaxin), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS). 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sodium salicylate are known to suppress NFκB activation by inhibiting inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKκB). In order to target the transcription factor, a suitable carrier system for delivering the drug to the intracellular space is essential. 5-ASA and sodium salicylate loaded liposomes incorporated into PEG-4-acrylate and CCRGGC microgels (a polymer formed by crosslinking of trypsin sensitive peptide and PEG-4-acrylate) could probably suit the needs for developing a disease responsive drug delivery system which will serve as a prophylactic therapy for asthmatic patients.

Topics: Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Mesalamine; Models, Biological; NF-kappa B; Salicylates; Signal Transduction; Sodium Salicylate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

We present a 19-month-old boy with a history of asthma who presented to the pediatric emergency department with noisy breathing and tachypnea partially responsive to albuterol. He was discharged to routine care at home. His parents brought him back the next day for persistent respiratory distress despite routine home albuterol. A check of electrolytes showed a low bicarbonate level.

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Albuterol; Alkalosis, Respiratory; Aspirin; Asthma; Bicarbonates; Bites, Human; Child Abuse; Chlorides; Developmental Disabilities; Emergencies; Humans; Hyperventilation; Infant; Male; Poisoning; Recurrence; Salicylates

Respiratory symptoms are over-represented in inflammatory bowel disease. There are similarities between the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease and that of respiratory conditions for which an adverse influence of salicylate has been identified. Natural salicylates exist within our diet.. To determine whether a lower intake of dietary salicylates is associated with less active inflammatory bowel disease and fewer concurrent respiratory symptoms.. Respiratory status, inflammatory bowel disease activity, quality of life, and dietary habits were established in 73 patients with Crohn's disease and 69 with ulcerative colitis, using a self-administered questionnaire and peak expiratory flow rate readings. Harvey-Bradshaw and Simple Birmingham/Royal Free Colitis indices, an internally validated respiratory score, and estimated weekly dietary salicylate intake, were calculated for each patient.. There was at least one respiratory symptom in 63.4% of patients. The commonest underlying respiratory diagnosis was asthma. Respiratory impairment was similar in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; 56.3% of Crohn's disease patients with an active respiratory diagnosis had other extra-intestinal manifestations. The dietary salicylate intake was independent of respiratory status, but inversely correlated with ulcerative colitis activity (dietary salicylate intake 37.0mg versus 21.4mg for low and higher Simple Birmingham/Royal Free Colitis index, respectively; p<0.02). A similar association was not seen in Crohn's disease.. Respiratory impairment is common in inflammatory bowel disease. Higher intake of dietary salicylates is associated with less active colitis and possibly causally so.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asthma; Comorbidity; Diet; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Asthma; Bismuth; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Salicylates; Tongue Diseases

Topics: Aspirin; Asthma; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Parabens; Salicylates; Toothpastes

The ability of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase which catalyzes formation of prostaglandins appears to be central to the mechanisms involved in aspirin sensitivity. We have investigated whether the plasma levels of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and its main metabolite salicylic acid (SA) at the time of intolerance reactions correspond with the concentrations required for enzyme inhibition in vitro. Twelve aspirin-sensitive and 15 aspirin-tolerant subjects were followed during provocation with aspirin. ASA and SA concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC. After oral provocation (up to 460 mg cumulative dose), the levels of ASA and SA in plasma were equivalent in aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant subjects. For the aspirin-sensitive subjects, at the time of adverse reaction, the concentration range was 2.9-33.3 microM for ASA and 18.1-245 microM for SA. Oral provocation with sodium salicylate yielding 10-fold higher SA levels did not elicit intolerance reactions. Statistically significantly lower levels of ASA and SA (P < or = 0.01) evoked airway obstruction, as compared with merely extrapulmonary symptoms. Bronchial absorption of aspirin was found after inhalation of lysine-aspirin and was comparable in asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. In three aspirin-sensitive subjects who developed airway obstruction, the plasma levels for ASA and SA were 0.9-2.6 microM and 0.0-6.7 microM, respectively. In conclusion, the plasma levels of ASA reached at the time of a positive reaction are of the magnitude known to inhibit cyclo-oxygenases. Neither differences in bioavailability of ASA nor the formation of SA seems to contribute to the aspirin-elicited reactions.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Aspirin; Asthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Sodium Salicylate

The binding of serum protein to salicylate was measured by a Sephadex batch method in the serum of 82 allergic individuals, 30 members of their families, and 24 normals. Subjects with the immediate types of allergy exhibited a significantly (p less than 0.001) increased binding ability corrected for albumin (Alb). The members of their families also showed significantly (p less than 0.005) elevated binding, but this was lower than in the allergic subjects themselves. The binding study with serum proteins fractionated with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 from both allergic and normal subjects using 14C-labeled salicylate showed that the salicylate molecule binds exclusively to Alb. No correlation was observed between the binding ability corrected for Alb and the serum Alb concentration in allergic and normal subjects. From the evidence obtained, there seems to be a certain underlying diathesis related to the Alb binding ability to endogenous inflammatory substances, which may back up the consequences of allergic reactions among allergic individuals.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Middle Aged; Prealbumin; Rheumatic Fever; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Urticaria

Theophylline was measured with a Kodak Ektachem DTSC using its property of uncompetitive inhibition of alkaline phosphatase. Within- and between-batch reproducibility was satisfactory. Agreement with consensus mean values on quality assessment samples was good as was agreement on patients' samples with a high performance liquid chromatography reference method and an automated fluorescence polarisation immunoassay. At therapeutic theophylline concentrations, no interference was seen with caffeine, theobromine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyluric acid or 3-propylxanthine. 3-methylxanthine (a theophylline metabolite) gave a positive bias but the concentrations of this metabolite found in serum are such that the clinical significance of this finding is questionable. Salicylate at concentrations which might be found during therapy for paediatric rheumatoid arthritis also gave a positive bias.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Asthma; Autoanalysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fluoroimmunoassay; Humans; Magnesium; Pilot Projects; Reference Values; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Theophylline; Xanthines

A woman experienced exacerbations of bronchial asthma after taking aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for rheumatoid arthritis. On oral challenges, she developed an urticarial reaction after tartrazine; urticarial and bronchospastic reactions after salicylsalicylic acid; and urticarial and bronchospastic reactions after choline magnesium trisalicylate. Non-acetylated salicylates have been recommended for use in aspirin- and/or tartrazine-sensitive patients. The results of sensitivity studies of our patient indicates that such patients may also be sensitive to non-acetylated salicylates.

Topics: Albuterol; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Choline; Drug Combinations; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nasal Polyps; Salicylates; Tartrazine; Urticaria

Topics: Asthma; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Salicylamides; Salicylates; Theophylline

Food intolerant symptoms can have various causes, including enzyme deficiencies (of lactase or aldehyde dehydrogenase) and pharmacological effects (e.g., caffeine, salicylates). The irritable bowel syndrome can also be associated with intolerance to specific foods in some cases, but the mechanism is unclear. Immunological causes are less common but may explain the small bowel mucosal changes associated with gluten enteropathy, as well as the childhood enteropathy provoked by cow's milk or, rarely, by other foods. Food allergy of the more immediate and classical type is associated with reactions both within and outside the gastrointestinal tract. Where these include urticaria, asthma and eczema, immunoglobulin E antibodies are often demonstrable by skin or radioallergosorbent tests, but pseudo-allergic reactions can produce a similar clinical picture. Diagnosis of food intolerance depends on withdrawing the food concerned and assessing the response to a blind challenge. Objective ways of detecting subclinical reactions are also useful, including the detection of a mediator response involving prostaglandins, histamine or serotonin.

Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Animals; Asthma; beta-Galactosidase; Cattle; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Milk; Salicylates

Topics: Asthma; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Salicylates

The effects of leukotriene C4 (LTC4), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), histamine, and bradykinin upon intratracheal pressure and nerve activity from rapidly-adapting receptors (RARs) before and after the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs salicylic acid (SA) and aspirin (ASA, acetylsalicylic acid) have been studied in guinea pigs. All mediators increased tracheal pressure and nerve activity in a time-dependent manner. The peak in nerve activity always preceded the peak in tracheal pressure. Neither SA or ASA blocked the effects of histamine or PGF2 alpha upon tracheal pressure or nerve activity. ASA and even SA blocked the effects of bradykinin on both parameters. While SA had no effect on LTC4, ASA blocked the effects of LTC4 upon both tracheal pressure and nerve activity. These results suggest that both LTC4 and bradykinin may act through mediators derived from arachidonic acid not only in increasing tracheal pressures but also to increase RAR nerve activity.

Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Asthma; Bradykinin; Dinoprost; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Mechanoreceptors; Muscle, Smooth; Pressure; Prostaglandins F; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; SRS-A; Trachea

Topics: Asthma; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Ephedrine; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Iodides; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Phenobarbital; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Respiratory Insufficiency; Salicylates; Theophylline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Allergens; Animals; Antibodies; Antigens; Aspirin; Asthma; Chronic Disease; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunization, Passive; Immunodiffusion; Immunoglobulins; Macaca mulatta; Male; Middle Aged; Radioimmunoassay; Salicylates; Skin Tests

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspirin; Asthma; Binding Sites; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Hypersensitivity; Heterozygote; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Karyotyping; Nasal Polyps; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Salicylates; Saliva; Serum Globulins; Sweat; Time Factors; Tryptophan

Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Asthma; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Polyps; Respiratory Function Tests; Salicylates; Sinusitis; Skin Tests

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Acidosis, Respiratory; Alkalosis; Alkalosis, Respiratory; Arteries; Asthma; Carbon Dioxide; Education, Medical; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Keto Acids; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mathematics; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Insufficiency; Salicylates; Teaching

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Liver; Middle Aged; Neuraminic Acids; Salicylates; Sulfur

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Blood Proteins; Humans; Middle Aged; Mucoproteins; Neuraminic Acids; Salicylates

Topics: Aminopyrine; Asthma; Humans; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Salicylanilides; Salicylates

Topics: Acute Disease; Asthma; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Aspirin; Asthma; Drug Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity; Salicylates

Topics: Aminopyrine; Anaphylaxis; Antipyrine; Asthma; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Salicylates