salicylates and Arthritis

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use, salicylate and nonsalicylate, is all too commonly associated with gastropathy. The problem is reviewed as significantly impacting upon the success of the most common treatment of most forms of arthritis. Blockade of prostaglandin products by NSAID is recently recognized as a basis for the ultimate failure of adaptive cytoprotection to respond to putative threat and restore the gastric mucosa. A cohort of such patients, based upon risk factors especially noted in elderly women taking longterm high sustained doses of NSAID is identified for purposes of closer clinical monitoring. Issues of prophylaxis, adjustment of arthritis regimens to NSAID gastropathy, and gastroprotective measures are reviewed as strategic responses to this recently recognized and described iatrogenic problem of arthritis management.

Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Rheumatology; Salicylates; Steroids; Stomach Diseases; Sucralfate

Despite the adverse effects of aspirin, many physicians still consider it to be the drug of choice for initial treatment of arthritic disorders. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are better tolerated than aspirin but have similar, although milder, side effects. The nonacetylated salicylates appear to have fewer adverse effects than either aspirin or the NSAIDs and therefore may warrant greater consideration as first-line therapy for arthritis.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Aspirin; Cell Aggregation; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Neutrophils; Prostaglandins; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspirin; Child; Drug Tolerance; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Humans; Indomethacin; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Kidney; Kinetics; Liver; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Salicylates; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Columbidae; Gold; Haplorhini; Humans; Indomethacin; Mice; Pyrazoles; Rats; Salicylates; Species Specificity; Swine

Topics: Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Chloroquine; Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Methotrexate; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Electrocardiography; Humans; Inflammation; Morphine; Myocardial Infarction; Myositis; Pericarditis; Peritonitis; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Colchicine; Eye Manifestations; Humans; Prognosis; Radiography; Radiography, Thoracic; Salicylates; Sarcoidosis; Steroids

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azoles; Gold; Humans; Quinolines; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Gold; Orthopedics; Pathology; Phenylbutazone; Physical Therapy Modalities; Physiology; Pyrazoles; Radiography; Rheumatoid Factor; Salicylates

Salsalate in a non-acetylated salicylate with activity as an antirheumatic agent. The hemostatic effects of this agent were studied in twelve healthy subjects and nine patients with hemophilia A. Healthy subjects showed no change in bleeding time, platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or collagen, or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release in response to arachidonic acid as measured in an impedance whole blood lumi-aggregometer. The patients with hemophilia A showed no bleeding time prolongation nor an effect on ADP or collagen induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma. It is concluded that this agent may be useful in the treatment of arthritis in patients with hereditary coagulation disorders.

Topics: Arthritis; Blood Coagulation; Hemophilia A; Hemostasis; Humans; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Salicylates

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are theoretically contra-indicated in the haemophilias but might be useful for those patients with chronic arthritic pain, as long-term strong analgesics are also undesirable. We carried out studies of platelet function and coagulation in 8 normal controls and 7 haemophiliacs while they were taking sequentially benoxaprofen and salsalate. No significant alterations in platelet function, bleeding time or coagulation occurred with either drug. In a subsequent double-blind controlled clinical trial using ibuprofen and placebo 8 of 9 patients had a significant reduction in pain score whilst using ibuprofen without significant change in the frequency of bleeds or the amount of concentrate used. Laboratory measures of coagulation also failed to reveal any adverse effect of the active drug. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be beneficial and may be used with caution in haemophilia.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Blood Platelets; Clinical Trials as Topic; Hemophilia A; Humans; Ibuprofen; Middle Aged; Propionates; Salicylates

A report is given about a multicentric double-blind test for proof of effectiveness of two new suppository preparations with and without codeine against comparable remedies. Dolo Visano Supp. sine codeino showed a slight superiority over the reference preparation. This was proved above all for the influence upon pain and muscular overstrain. The better tolerability was marked. Dolo Visano Supp. (with codeine) showed advantages against the reference preparation. It was used in cases of severe pain, and in 88% it had a very good effect, whereas for the reference preparation this applied only in 67,9%. The assessments of physician and patients were almost alike. The myotonolytic effect has been proved equally for both of the new suppository preparations.

Topics: Arthritis; Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Codeine; Diphenhydramine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Humans; Meprobamate; Muscle Rigidity; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Nicotinic Acids; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Plant Extracts; Salicylamides; Salicylates; Spinal Nerve Roots; Suppositories

Diflunisal, a new analgesic/anti-inflammatory monosubstance, has been compared with naproxen in a double-blind study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In doses of 1 g diflunisal daily and 750 mg naproxen daily both therapies resulted in significant improvements in subjective and objective parameters measured - day and night pain, morning stiffness, Ritchie index, grip strength, and doctor and patient assessment of overall effect. Side effects were uncommon and of little significance in the diflunisal-treated patients, whereas two patients in the naproxen group were dropped from the study because of clinically significant drug-related side effects. It is concluded that diflunisal should be a very useful addition to the therapies currently available.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diflunisal; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Naproxen; Random Allocation; Salicylates

A review is presented of both published work and unpublished observations concerned with: a) the 'efficacy' of copper bracelets for arthritis; b) the bio-reactivity of metallic copper (especially with human sweat); c) permeation of the skin by Cu(II) when complexed with certain ligands (such as salicylates); d) the pharmacological and clinical activity of AlcusalR and DermcusalR, two formulations of copper salicylate with ethanol and dimethyl sulphoxide respectively that can be applied to the skin. Topical application promises to be a superior alternative to orally ingested drugs.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Arthritis; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Copper; Humans; Salicylates; Skin Absorption

Fosfosal or 2-phosphonoxybenzoic acid is a new analgesic drug, whose analgesic activity and side effects have been determined in a double blind clinical study in comparison with placebo. The study has been done with 60 outpatients, of both sexes, which suffered musculoskeletal and arthritic pains. Patients were treated with fosfosal or placebo for eight days. The daily dose of fosfosal was 1 gram three times a day, once every 6-8 hours. The results obtained show that fosfosal has a clear analgesic activity, statistically significant versus placebo in all the parameters that were measured: pain severity, activity impairment and insomnia. The overall evaluation of the group of patients treated with fosfosal showed a marked improvement with a difference statistically significant with respect to the control group treated with placebo (p less than 0.001). The distribution of results in the fosfosal treated group was as follows: poor, 1; regular, 8; good, 10 and excellent, 6. The distribution in the placebo group was as follows: poor, 15; regular, 3; good, 2 and excellent, 0. The marked analgesic activity, the absence of side effects and the excellent gastric tolerance suggest that fosfosal is a promising new analgesic drug useful for the treatment of painful syndromes of several etiologies.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Arthritis; Bone Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pain; Salicylates

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Female; Fibromyalgia; Flufenamic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Spinal Osteophytosis; Terpenes

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Indomethacin; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates

This study examined the efficacy of sodium salicylate for providing analgesia in an amphotericin B-induced bovine synovitis-arthritis model using 10 male Holstein calves, 4 to 6 mo old and weighing approximately 250 kg. The study used a repeated measures partial crossover design with 2 phases, consisting of 3 treatment periods within each phase. Calves were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to the sodium salicylate (50 mg/kg i.v.) or placebo group for phase 1. In period 1, lameness induction was simulated with a needle prick of the coronary band, followed by drug or placebo administration. At predetermined time points, serial blood samples for cortisol and salicylate concentrations, electrodermal activity measurements, heart rates, and pressure mat data were collected. Visual lameness scores were recorded by an observer blinded to treatments. In period 2, lameness was induced with injection of amphotericin B into the distal interphalangeal joint, followed by drug or placebo administration, with sample collection as described previously. In period 3, the drug or placebo was administered to the respective calves with sample collection. After a 10-d washout period, phase 2 was conducted with treatments crossed over between groups. Cortisol and salicylate samples were analyzed by competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay, respectively. The pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using compartmental analysis. Mean intravenous salicylate apparent volume of distribution was 0.2 +/- 0.005 L/kg, total body clearance was 4.3 +/- 0.2 mL/min.kg, and elimination half-life was 36.9 +/- 1.2 min. The repeated measures data were analyzed based on a univariate split-plot approach with a random effects-mixed model. Differences in stance phase duration and serum cortisol concentration values were seen both between periods and between treatment group x periods; differences in heart rate, contact surface area, and contact pressure values were seen between periods, suggesting that our lameness model was effective. No differences were seen between treatment groups. When analyzed by visual lameness score, differences were seen in heart rate, contact surface area, contact pressure, and cortisol concentrations. Area under the time-effect curves, determined by using the trapezoidal rule, had results similar to the repeated measures data, except for a difference in period for electrodermal activity. This amphotericin B-induced synovitis-

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Arthritis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Hydrocortisone; Lameness, Animal; Male; Random Allocation; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate; Synovitis; Treatment Outcome

Cutaneous lichenoid eruptions can arise as a result of exogenous compound exposures. Pharmaceutical drugs, industrial compounds, and inhaled particles have been implicated as causative agents. To date, there have been no recorded cases of lichenoid drug eruptions (LDEs) caused by clinical use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug salsalate. We describe a patient who experienced a lichenoid eruption after the initiation of salsalate for relief of arthritic pain. This eruption emerged after 1 month of therapy with salsalate, persisted for as long as salsalate was administered, and cleared within 3 weeks of discontinuing the medication. LDEs can clinically and histologically resemble idiopathic or classic lichen planus. Integrating drug history, clinical morphology, clinical distribution, and histopathology can aid in the differentiation. As in our patient's case, curative treatment for LDE requires discontinuation of the drug.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Lichen Planus; Male; Pain; Salicylates; Treatment Outcome

"Milwaukee shoulder" is often associated with large effusions that cannot be managed with conventional therapy. We describe a 75-year-old man whose massive hydrops of both shoulders was resistant to treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), multiple aspirations, and injections of corticosteroid. The effusions resolved completely after treatment with oral colchicine and an NSAID containing magnesium.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Choline; Colchicine; Cysts; Edema; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Male; Salicylates; Shoulder Joint; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Triamcinolone Acetonide

A 61-year-old woman receiving long-term hemodialysis presented with symptoms of tinnitus, insomnia, malaise, and disequilibrium. On close questioning, it was discovered that she had received a prescription for salsalate (Disalcid) from a consulting physician who had evaluated her for joint pain. This tablet was similar in appearance to a dried aluminum hydroxide gel preparation (Alu-tab) that the patient was taking as a phosphate binder. She had mistakenly been taking six Disalcid tablets with each meal. Her salicylate level was 5.86 mmol/L, but she had no change in her serum electrolyte levels or acid-base status. When the salsalate treatment was stopped and regular dialysis treatments were continued, the symptoms of salicylism resolved. This case illustrates one of the potential dangers of polypharmacy in patients with chronic disease. The midl course was probably due to ongoing hemodialysis, which prevented the appearance of the usual acid-base abnormalities of salicylate intoxication.

Topics: Aluminum Hydroxide; Arthritis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis; Salicylates; Tablets

The analgesic response-serum concentration relationship (pharmacodynamics) of a representative nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, diflunisal, was examined after an acute dose in adjuvant arthritic and control rats. The analgesic response was 2-fold higher in the arthritic animals compared to controls. In parallel with this, there was a 2-fold increase in the serum free concentrations of diflunisal in the arthritic rats. Thus, the increase in diflunisal analgesic response in arthritis may be attributed to pharmacokinetic perturbations, resulting from alterations in serum protein binding and not to changes in drug pharmacodynamics. Endogenous binding inhibitors in adjuvant arthritis may contribute to the observed decreased in diflunisal protein binding.

Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Diflunisal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pain; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Salicylates; Sensory Thresholds

20 patients with elevated serum uric acid levels and osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were given diflunisal 500 mg b.i.d. The joint complaints were influenced good to excellent in all patients. The uric acid levels were decreased from 7.37 to 6.22 mg/dl for the duration of this eight week open study. Diflunisal can be advocated also for the treatment of gout.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Diflunisal; Female; Gout; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Uric Acid

Topics: Alabama; Arthritis; Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; Humans; Patient Care Team; Patient Education as Topic; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Service, Hospital; Salicylates; Steroids

Nonacetylated salicylates have not been reported to cause the hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. A 73-year-old woman with a creatinine clearance of 0.33 mL/s (20 mL/min), hypertension, and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease developed reversible renal insufficiency when her dose of salsalate was increased to 4.5 g/d (serum salicylate concentration, 2.22 mmol/L [30.7 mg/dL]). Under close observation the patient was re-treated with lower doses of salsalate while renal function and the urinary excretions of prostaglandins were monitored. The excretion of prostaglandin E2 decreased abruptly while the excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha decreased more gradually as the dose of salsalate was increased. Renal function appeared to decline in parallel with the decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and recovered rapidly after discontinuation of salsalate therapy. Nonacetylated salicylates can cause a hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure in patients at risk for this nephropathy.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Arthritis; Dinoprostone; Disease Susceptibility; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Humans; Organometallic Compounds; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Carbazoles; Humans; Methotrexate; Salicylates

We report a case of neutropenia associated with the use of diflunisal. The neutropenia occurred with initial administration and on subsequent inadvertent rechallenge with the drug. Bone marrow biopsy showed active granulopoiesis and an immune-mediated mechanism for this response is postulated.

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Arthritis; Diflunisal; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Female; Hip Joint; Humans; Imidazoles; Male; Middle Aged; Piroxicam; Salicylates; Spinal Diseases; Thiazines

The cost of antacids or other drugs and hospital admission for the treatment of gastrointestinal side effects must be factored into any comparison between costs of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and salicylate drugs in the treatment of arthritis. Records and interviews of 534 patients treated for arthritis, 310 treated with nonsalicylate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 224 treated with salicylates, were evaluated for this comparison. Costs of the basic drug, medical treatment for gastrointestinal side effects, and hospitalization for such treatment were added, averaged for 30-day per patient treatment periods, and compared. When hospital costs were excluded, costs per patient per month of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy were comparable to costs of nonacetylated salicylate therapy, and both sums were more than twice the cost of therapy with an aspirin compound. When hospital costs were included, average non-acetylated salicylate costs per patient per month were far higher than those for treatment with either aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These findings suggest the value of randomized multicenter studies to establish the cost-effectiveness nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy v salicylate therapy in the treatment of arthritis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antacids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hospitalization; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Office Visits; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Retrospective Studies; Salicylates

Equilibration of salicylic, salicyluric and gentisic acids between plasma and synovial fluid (SF) was measured in 36 patients receiving chronic salicylate therapy and from whom SF was required for diagnostic purposes. Gentisic and salicyluric acids equilibrated completely, while SF salicylic acid concentration was less than that in plasma. The presence of significant gentisic acid concentrations in SF could contribute to the therapeutic response to chronic salicylate therapy, since its antiinflammatory effect is even greater than that of acetylsalicylic acid.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Aspirin; Female; Gentisates; Hippurates; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Synovial Fluid

Two young patients with unimpaired renal and hepatic function were found to have developed metabolic acidosis after treatment for glaucoma and joint pain with a combination of salicylates and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in normal doses. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors appear to interact with salicylates to produce serious metabolic acidosis in patients without the predisposing factors generally considered to constitute risks. It is recommended that treatment combining salicylates and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is either kept to a minimum or avoided.

Topics: Acetazolamide; Acidosis; Adult; Arthritis; Aspirin; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Child; Dichlorphenamide; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Male; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Aspirin; Diflunisal; Fenoprofen; Glucocorticoids; Gold; Humans; Ibuprofen; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Naproxen; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Penicillamine; Piroxicam; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Salicylates; Sulindac; Thiazines; Tolmetin

The penetration of the two components of imidazole 2-hydroxybenzoate (ITF 182), imidazole and salicylate, into inflamed sites induced by intrapleural injection of carrageenin in the rat and by a urate-cotton pellet implantation in the knee joint of the rabbit is studied. The results obtained show that the two components of the salt penetrate rapidly the inflamed sites and display different kinetic profiles: imidazole diffuses throughout inflamed and non-inflamed fluids without any specific localization, salicylate shows preferential localization in inflamed fluids and remains longer than imidazole.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Carrageenan; Exudates and Transudates; Imidazoles; Inflammation; Knee Joint; Male; Pleura; Pleurisy; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyrine; Arthritis; Gold; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Indomethacin; Meclofenamic Acid; Nurse-Patient Relations; Patient Education as Topic; Penicillamine; Phenylpropionates; Salicylates

Recent research indicates that endogenous copper is involved in anti-inflammatory and tissue repair processes. Of interest also is the analgesic efficacy of Cu complexes, since rheumatoid arthritis and similar inflammatory conditions are extremely painful. In pilot experiments, arthritic rats failed to increase voluntarily their rate of drinking a 5 mg/ml solution of copper salicylate (Cu Sal). The data from the experiment reported here showed that a forced oral dose of Cu Sal calculated at 200 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced sensitivity to mechanical pressure in less than 30 minutes but more than 15 minutes. The analgesic effect of the Cu Sal was greater for arthritic than for non-arthritic rats, suggesting that two types of analgesia are involved. First, it produces a direct analgesic effect which works irrespective of the presence of inflammation. Second, it appears to have an indirect analgesic effect due to reduction of inflammatory hyperalgesia. It was also found that Cu Sal administered orally reduces inflammation in rats with adjuvant arthritis. In summary, the results from this experiment demonstrate that Cu Sal has specific and general analgesic properties and anti-inflammatory potential.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Body Weight; Copper; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Rats; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspirin; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Interactions; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Age Factors; Arthritis; Humans; Infant; Salicylates

The relative risks associated with anti-inflammatory drug prescription for patients with an earlier history of drug-associated gastro-intestinal disturbance have been investigated in a retrospective study. Under these circumstances ibuprofen was well tolerated. The risks associated with modified salicylates (principally aspirin in enteric-coated form) and indomethacin suppositories also appeared to be relatively slight. Retreatment with phenylbutazone, oral indomethacin, naproxen and combination therapy was hazardous.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Ibuprofen; Indomethacin; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Peptic Ulcer; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Salicylates; Suppositories; Time Factors

Salicylate (SA) binding to albumin in purified human serum albumin (HSA) solutions was found to be predictably dependent on the concentrations of albumin and total SA. The influence of the presence of other ligands on SA binding in HSA solutions was measured and, in the case of bound fatty acids, free fractions of SA were increased by up to 100%. In sharp contrast, the free fraction of SA present in sera from patients with arthritis who were on long-term aspirin (ASA) therapy was roughly twice that found in HSA solutions. A correlation between serum concentrations of free SA and albumin was evident in sera from one group of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (r = -0.75) but was not seen in sera from the other patients. This would indicate that in vivo, the albumin level is not the sole, or, in some patients, even the dominant determinant of the free fraction of SA. Additional factors such as fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands, both endogenous and exogenous, should be studied further, especially in adults.

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Child; Chronic Disease; Fatty Acids; Humans; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Arthritis; Bee Venoms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myositis; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Bursitis; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Salicylates; Spondylitis; Tendinopathy

110 patients with various arthropathies, mostly rheumatoid arthritis, treated with salicylates, were investigated for the presence of signs of liver disease attributable to this drug. An increased serum alkaline phosphatase level was observed in 9 of 96 ASA-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, this alteration could not be related to the use of salicylates, nor to the ingestion of any other antirheumatic drug. The hyperphosphatasemia persisted during a three-year follow-up in five of the nine patients.

Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arthritis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Middle Aged; Salicylates

Platelet function as determined by platelet aggregation and the release reaction was found to be normal in 8 patients receiving a nonacetylated analog of aspirin, salsalate, while all 5 aspirin controls had abnormal platelet function. Mean bleeding time in patients taking salsalate was less than that in aspirin controls. This study demonstrates that salsalate, which has anti-inflammatory activity and reduces prostaglandin synthesis, does not interfere with normal platelet function.

Topics: Arthritis; Aspirin; Bleeding Time; Blood Platelets; Humans; Platelet Aggregation; Salicylates; Serotonin

Twenty-eight medical specialists (internists, rheumatologists) selected 102 primarily arthritic patients for a two-week efficacy and safety field study of salicylsalicylic acid. Data were gathered on pain, morning stiffness, range of motion, serum salicylate concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and gastro-intestinal bleeding before and after a 15-day drug trial. Results showed a 67% favourable clinical response in the physician's global evaluation and a 60% improvement in pain; the drug itself was well tolerated by 96% of patients. Response correlations with morning stiffness and range of motion were equivocal. Of fifty-four patients examined before and after treatment for intestinal bleeding, only two (3.7%) had detectable faecal blood loss. Good clinical response had a statistically significant association with serum drug concentrations of 13.6 to 13.8 mg%; unsatisfactory response was noted in those patients with mean serum salicylate levels of 8.6 mg%. ESR decreased or was unchanged in thirty-five patients with satisfactory clinical response and in fourteen patients with unsatisfactory response.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Salicylates

A study was made of the salicylate concentrations in samples of blood and articular fluid from 30 patients treated with acetylsalicylic acid. The data were divided in groups according to the diagnosis of the articular diseases and showed no significant differences as regards the salicylate kinetics in the blood. A concentration of 0.3 mg/1 was reached in 6 minutes on the average and the "near maximum" concentration was 23.0 mg/1 on the average. In the articular fluid a concentration of 0.3 mg/1 the salicylates was reached in 10 to 31 minutes. The average maximum concentration as 14.8 mg/1. The findings support the hypothesis that diffusion was the dominant factor in the passage of salicylates from the blood to the articular fluid. The transport varied with the characteristics of the articular diseases. Histopathological changes in the various types of synovitis would alter the biophysical properties of the internal part of the articularcapsule and would thus alter the kinetics of salicylates.

Topics: Arthritis; Aspirin; Humans; Salicylates; Synovial Fluid

Topics: Arthritis; Choline; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Flufenamic Acid; Humans; Ibuprofen; Indomethacin; Mefenamic Acid; Naproxen; Oxyphenbutazone; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates

The simlutaneous oral administration of benorylate (4-(acetamido) phenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate) with either indomethacin or phenylbutazone to rats suffering from Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis leads to an anti-inflammatory effect which is significantly greater than the effect of the same drugs administered alone. Such an additive anti-inflammatory effect is not apparent when the metabolites of benorylate (paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid) are administered with indomethacin or phenylbutazone. Paracetamol does not increase the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin or phenylbutazone and acetylsalicylic acid clearly antagonizes it. The molecule of benorylate itsel is therefore responsible for the additive anti-inflammatory effect. However, if antipyretic activity (yeast-induced hyperthermia) is examined instead of anti-inflammatory activity, the simultaneous oral administration of the different drugs always produces an additive effect. It is concluded that the antagonism between indomethacin or phenylbutazone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs other than benorylate is present at some receptors but not all. The clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Aspirin; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Fever; Indomethacin; Male; Phenylbutazone; Rats; Salicylates; Time Factors

Topics: Arthritis; Choline; Economics; Humans; Salicylates

Benorylate is obtained by esterification of acetylsalicylic acid and N-acetyl p-aminophenol (4-acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate). Experimentally, this new product has been shown to be a good analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. A clinical trial was carried out in order to study the efficacy, side effects and tolerance of this new product. In a group of 49 hospitalised patients aged from 20 to 70 years who were treated with this new product, 15 had ankylosing spondylitis, 11 had chronic progressive rheumatoid arthritis, 4 had Reiter's syndrome, 4 had psoriatic arthropathy, 8 had osteoarthrosis of the hip and 7 had various forms of rheumatism. The drug was administered orally in suspension form, initially three times per day, then twice, the total daily doses being 15 ml (6 g) or 20 ml (8 g). Treatment was regarded as effective in 62% of the cases, and of these 62%, 46% good and very good results were obtained. In 88% of the patients, tolerance was satisfactory and of these, it was excellent in 80%. Only in 2 cases did treatment have to be discontinued on account of side effects. From the biological point of view, uricaemia was significantly reduced in 7 patients, and in 6 patients uricuria increased. With regard to the level of salicylate in the blood assays showed that it is the same for 6 g benorylate and for 4 g aspirin. Benorylate has been shown to be an effective treatment for both inflammatory and degenerative rheumatic disorders. The results of its use can be compared with those obtained by acetylsalicylic acid, but is better tolerated. In addition, in chronic disorders it is better to have to take the product only twice per day.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of salicylate acquired by a newborn infant from a mother who took 6.5 gm of aspirin a day during her entire pregnancy, and to characterize the kinetics of salicylate elimination by the infant. This healthy female infant was born with a salicylic acid concentration of 25 mg/100 ml plasma and 75 mg/kg body weight. The drug was eliminated during the first 5 days of life, primarily in the form of salicyluric acid. Salicylate elimination was relatively slower than in normal adults, but more rapid than in newborn infants of mothers who had taken only one small dose of aspirin shortly before delivery. The apparent in vivo KM and Vmax for salicylurate formation, on a body weight basis, were at the adult level. The slower elimination of salicylate (relative to adults) by the infant was due to immaturity of the glucuronidation and renal excretory pathways.

Topics: Arthritis; Aspirin; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis; Behcet Syndrome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Remission, Spontaneous; Salicylates

Behçet's disease, originally described as a triad of ocular inflammation and oral and genital ulcerations, is better understood as a mulitsystem disease involving skin, joints, central nervous system, large bowel, and peripheral veins. This report of a 49-year-old female patient with uveitis and recurrent orogenital lesions, polyarthritis, and skin lesions, serves as introduction to a review of articular involvement in Behçet's disease. Included is complete synovial fluid analysis with measurement of intraarticular complement. Arthropathy, occurring in at least one-half of reported patients, is usually polyarticular and asymmetrical. It affects knees and ankles most frequently and rarely produces loss of function or deformity. During exacerbations synovial fluid appears inflammatory with polymorphonuclear leukocytosis greater than 25,000 cells/mul; synovial fluid complement is consistently elevated. Histologically the synovium shows increased vascularity with perivascular lymphocyte infiltration. Etiology and treatment of Behçet's disease are briefly discussed.

Topics: Arthritis; Behcet Syndrome; Complement System Proteins; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Salicylates; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Arthritis; Bandages; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Knee Joint; Physical Therapy Modalities; Salicylates

Evidence is presented which indicates that 7-chloro-3,3a-dihydro-2-methyl-2H,9H-isoxazolo-(3,2-b) (1,3)-benzoxazin-9-one (I) and 5-chlorosalicylic acid, its major metabolic end-product, are equally effective as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agents, while the former is a somewhat more effective analgesic than its metabolite in the rat. However, at the equimolar doses used in this study, I is not ulcerogenic, while 5-chlorosalicylic acid does possess this untoward effect in the fasted rat. Moreover, the LD50 for 5-chlorosalicylic acid (261.0 mg/kg) is approximately 6.5 times less than that of I (1710.0 mg/kg) in the nonfasted rat. These results support the postulation that 5-chlorosalicylic acid is most likely responsible for the pharmacological activity displayed by I; i.e., the latter acts as a carrier or delivery system, allowing attenuation of the toxic properties of its active metabolite.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Body Temperature; Edema; Isoxazoles; Male; Oxazines; Oxazoles; Rats; Salicylates; Stomach Ulcer

Sodium salicylate was given intravenously to clinically normal cows, and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was given orally to arthritic and clinically normal cattle. Despite slow absorption (half-time of absorption, 2.91 hours) of orally administered aspirin and rapid elimination (biologic half-life, 32 minutes) of salicylates, oral dosage of 100 mg/kg every 12 hours maintained serum salicylate concentration greater than 30 mug/ml, which was considered to be therapeutically effective.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Arthritis; Aspirin; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Hindlimb; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Aged; Ankle Joint; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroplasty; Bursitis; Gout; Hip Joint; Humans; Indomethacin; Knee Joint; Laminectomy; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Osteotomy; Phenylbutazone; Physical Therapy Modalities; Radiography; Salicylates; Shoulder Joint; Spinal Diseases; Tarsal Joints; Wrist Joint

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Child; Chronic Disease; Humans; Salicylates; Uveitis, Anterior

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Arthritis; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocalcinosis; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gout; Humans; Knee; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylbutazone; Prognosis; Pubic Symphysis; Radiography; Salicylates; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Wrist

Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Indomethacin; Male; Rats; Salicylates

Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Arthritis; Chickens; Colchicine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucuronidase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocytes; Male; Muramidase; Salicylates; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Capillary Permeability; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Indomethacin; Injections, Intra-Articular; Iodine Radioisotopes; Joints; Rats; Salicylates; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Turpentine

Topics: Arthritis; Humans; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Prednisone; Recurrence; Rheumatic Fever; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Rheumatic Nodule; Salicylates; Serum Sickness; Streptococcus

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Infectious; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Genitalia, Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates

1. The polyarthritis produced in rats by i.v. inoculation with Mycoplasma arthritidis was made more severe by salicylates.2. The infection increased the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum lysozyme, counts of total white blood corpuscles, polymorphonuclear cells and lymphocytes, haemolytic serum complement (CH 50) and its component C3. Salicylates enhanced the rise in ESR, CH 50 and C3, but suppressed the rise in lymphocytes and even induced a fall.3. Salicylates did not interfere with the development and action of metabolic inhibition antibodies against M. arthritidis, and did not promote the growth of M. arthritidis.4. Rats treated with salicylate during the first infection acquired the same immunity to reinfection as did infected controls.5. Salicylates did not render rats susceptible to M. fermentans which is non-pathogenic to rats, but may be involved in human rheumatoid arthritis.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Arthritis; Aspirin; Blood Cell Count; Blood Sedimentation; Complement System Proteins; Erythrocytes; Leukocyte Count; Male; Muramidase; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Rats; Salicylates; Time Factors

Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspirin; Body Weight; Chlorpromazine; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Hydrocortisone; Indomethacin; Male; Mycobacterium; Phenytoin; Prednisolone; Rats; Salicylates; Spironolactone; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Bursitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Psoriasis; Salicylates; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Esters; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotinic Acids; Ointments; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Salicylates; Sulfuric Acids

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aminopyrine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Bradykinin; Chloroquine; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Antagonism; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune System Diseases; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Mice; Phenylbutazone; Rabbits; Rats; Salicylates; Serotonin; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Xylenes

Topics: Arthritis; Cartilage; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Contact Inhibition; Crystallization; DNA; Movement; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Neoplasms; Proteins; RNA; Salicylates; Surface Properties; Temperature; Transplantation Immunology; Water

Topics: Acetaminophen; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Chloroquine; Codeine; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Dextropropoxyphene; Gold; Gout; Humans; Indomethacin; Mefenamic Acid; Pentazocine; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chronic Disease; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Humans; Male; Salicylates; Synovial Fluid

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Blood Sedimentation; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Latex Fixation Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Proteins; Rheumatoid Factor; Salicylates; Synovial Fluid; Tropical Medicine; Uric Acid

Topics: Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspirin; Cortisone; Drug Industry; Glucocorticoids; Gold; Humans; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Research; Salicylates

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspirin; Codeine; Dextropropoxyphene; Erythema; Female; Guinea Pigs; Inflammation; Male; Oxyphenbutazone; Phenylbutazone; Placebos; Propionates; Rats; Salicylates; Sodium

The plasma levels of the urate-binding alpha(1)-alpha(2)-globulin, as determined by its urate-binding capacity, have been recorded in 19 individuals from two gouty kindreds. A significantly reduced binding capacity, accounting for 13-30% of the mean value obtained in healthy, unrelated control subjects, was found in all cases of gout and in the single case of essential hyperuricemia included in the present study. In addition, six apparently healthy members of one of these kindreds also exhibited this characteristic. The distribution of the characteristic in three subsequent generations from this kindred further supported the hypothesis that the reduced binding capacity was inherited as an autosomal trait for which affected subjects were heterozygous. Based on the present observation, the mechanisms of inheritance in primary gout are discussed with special emphasis on the possible cooperation of genetic and environmental factors.

Topics: Adult; Alpha-Globulins; Arthritis; Autoradiography; Chromatography, Gel; Epilepsy; Female; Gout; Heterozygote; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Narcolepsy; Pedigree; Protein Binding; Puberty; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Uric Acid

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Emulsions; Female; Heparinoids; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotinic Acids; Osteoarthritis; Salicylates; Spinal Diseases

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Collagen Diseases; Gold; Humans; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Phenylbutazone; Respiratory Insufficiency; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Tonsillectomy

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Butadienes; Child; Glucocorticoids; Health Resorts; Humans; Mud Therapy; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Lymphedema; Phenylbutazone; Prednisone; Salicylates; Sarcoidosis; Tuberculin Test

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzoates; Enzymes; Formaldehyde; Hydrocortisone; Liver; Rats; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blindness; Cataract; Conjunctivitis; Diplopia; Drug Therapy; Edema; Eye Diseases; Eye Manifestations; Glaucoma; Gold; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Intraocular Pressure; Iridocyclitis; Iritis; Keratitis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Myopia; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Spondylitis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Toxicology; Uveitis

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Drug Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Drug Therapy; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Adolescent; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Child; Child Care; Chloroquine; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Family Practice; General Practice; Gold; Humans; Penicillins; Prednisone; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Body Fluids; Drug Therapy; Edema; Electrophoresis; Phenylbutazone; Proteins; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Dosage Forms; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chloroquine; Drug Therapy; Female; Gold; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Indomethacin; Phenylbutazone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Salicylates; Toxicology

Polyarthritis is a well-recognized manifestation of sarcoidosis, but the various series of cases reported in the literature reveal considerable variation in its incidence as well as in its clinical manifestations. Three major types of sarcoid polyarthritis are defined, as distinguished by their clinical and pathological features. Two of these types are usually seen in conjunction with the subacute or transient form of sarcoidosis and, in most cases, are accompanied by erythema nodosum. They differ markedly in severity, but their prognosis is uniformly good. The third type, in contrast, is of a chronic nature and is often associated with permanent joint changes. Mild joint manifestations are a frequent finding in sarcoidosis, but more severe arthritis is relatively rare.Two cases of sarcoidosis, presenting with severe polyarthritis, are reported in detail, and cases seen in Halifax hospitals during the period 1954 to 1964 are reviewed.

Topics: Antigens; Arthritis; Colchicine; Drug Therapy; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Incidence; Pathology; Prognosis; Radiography, Thoracic; Salicylates; Sarcoidosis; Tenosynovitis

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Circadian Rhythm; Drug Therapy; Humans; Inflammation; Joint Diseases; Pain; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Audiometry; Blood; Cochlea; Drug Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Geriatrics; Hearing Disorders; Hearing Tests; Humans; Oxidoreductases; Salicylates; Tinnitus; Toxicology

Topics: Adolescent; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Atropine; Cataract; Child; Cocaine; Corneal Opacity; Cortisone; Eye; Humans; Iridocyclitis; Penicillins; Prednisolone; Salicylates

A number of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders are amenable to varying degrees of therapeutic control with the administration of nonspecific anti-inflammatory drugs. An evaluation of these suppressive agents in the field of rheumatic diseases and practical suggestions regarding their administration are presented. Eight synthetically modified corticosteroid compounds are available commercially. Each of them exhibits qualitative differences in one or several physiologic actions, each has certain advantages and disadvantages in therapy, and each shares the major deterrent features of corticosteroids. Prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, fluprednisolone and paramethasone have similar therapeutic indices, and there is little choice between them for the usual rheumatoid patient requiring steroid therapy. Conversely, the therapeutic indices of dexamethasone, betamethasone and triamcinolone are lower than that of prednisolone; they are less desirable for routine use and should be reserved for specially selected cases. Salicylates are preferred to adrenocortical steroids in the treatment of the ordinary patient with acute rheumatic fever. Steroid therapy should be reserved for resistant cases and for those with significant carditis. Salicylates are mainstays for pain relief in rheumatoid arthritis, but with the analgesic doses usually employed their anti-inflammatory action is slight.Phenylbutazone is a highly useful anti-inflammatory agent, especially in management of acute gouty arthritis and ankylosing (rheumatoid) spondylitis; its metabolite, oxyphenylbutazone, does not exhibit clear-cut advantages. Colchicine specifically suppresses acute gouty arthritis. Its analogues, desacetylcolchicine and desacetylthiocolchicine, produce fewer unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms, but may promote agranulocytosis and alopecia.A number of indole preparations with anti-inflammatory activity have been tested clinically. One of them, indomethacin, has received extensive therapeutic trial; with dosages that can be tolerated the drug is fairly effective in the symptomatic control of ankylosing (rheumatoid) spondylitis but it is of questionable value in peripheral rheumatoid arthritis.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Betamethasone; Colchicine; Dexamethasone; Humans; Indoles; Indomethacin; Methylprednisolone; Oxyphenbutazone; Paramethasone; Pharmacology; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Toxicology; Triamcinolone

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gold; Methylprednisolone; Office Management; Phenylbutazone; Prednisone; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Polysaccharides; Salicylates; Uracil Nucleotides

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Transfusion; Collagen Diseases; Connective Tissue; Cortisone; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Pathology; Physical Therapy Modalities; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Radiography, Thoracic; Salicylates; Scleroderma, Systemic

Topics: Aged; Allergy and Immunology; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Diabetic Retinopathy; Geriatrics; Humans; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Blood Chemical Analysis; Humans; Knee; Plasma; Proteins; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Synovial Fluid

Topics: Anemia; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Climate; Diet; Diet Therapy; Exercise Therapy; Gold; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperthermia, Induced; Phenylbutazone; Physician-Patient Relations; Prednisone; Rest; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cervical Vertebrae; Cortisone; Deglutition Disorders; Hoarseness; Humans; Larynx; Pathology; Prednisone; Salicylates; Spinal Cord Compression; Synovitis; Voice; Wrist

Topics: Aluminum; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomedical Research; Dyspepsia; Geriatrics; Hydroxides; Pharmacology; Placebos; Salicylates; Silicones; Toxicology

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Agglutination; Ankle; Antigens; Arthritis; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Feces; Fever; Finland; Humans; Knee; Phenylbutazone; Radiography; Salicylates; Salmonella typhimurium; Serologic Tests

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Child; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Gold; Humans; Phenylbutazone; Physical Therapy Modalities; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Child; Drug Therapy; Gold; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pathology; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Prognosis; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Phenylbutazone; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Camphor; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Essential; Humans; Liniments; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Ointments; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antimalarials; Antipyretics; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gout; Pyrazoles; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Spondylitis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gold; Gout; Humans; Pyrazoles; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Spondylitis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Uricosuric Agents

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gold; Injections; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates; Therapeutics

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asian People; Gold; Humans; Jews; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Arthritis; Chloroquine; Drug Therapy; Gold; Indomethacin; Phenylbutazone; Prednisone; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antipyretics; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gold; Indoles; Indomethacin; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates

Topics: Achlorhydria; Adolescent; Aging; Anemia; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Blood Sedimentation; Child; Fever; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gold; Hormones; Humans; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Physical Therapy Modalities; Prognosis; Salicylates; Sex

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Benzoates; Formaldehyde; Hydrocortisone; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Drug Therapy; Gastric Acidity Determination; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Drug Therapy; Israel; Prednisone; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminopyrine; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chloroquine; Drug Therapy; Gold; Humans; Prednisone; Pyrazoles; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Toxicology

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Drug Therapy; Hearing Disorders; Hearing Tests; Humans; Research; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Chloroquine; Gold; Humans; Pyrazoles; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Hypoparathyroidism; Osteoarthritis; Pantothenic Acid; Phenylbutyrates; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gold; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Phenylbutazone; Physical Therapy Modalities; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gout; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Adolescent; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Exercise Therapy; Gold; Humans; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gold; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Pyrazoles; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Aspirin; Chlorothiazide; Colchicine; Gout; Hydrochlorothiazide; Mecamylamine; Pempidine; Phenylbutazone; Probenecid; Pyrazoles; Salicylates

Arthritis induced in rats by mycobacterial adjuvant has been used for the study of compounds of known value in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in man. The development of the arthritic syndrome in treated and control rats was followed by measuring the changes in foot thickness of both hind-feet with a micrometer. This method allowed the effect of anti-inflammatory compounds to be expressed quantitatively. Anti-inflammatory activity was readily observed in certain steroids, pyrazolidines, salicylates and sodium aurothiomalate. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were inactive. The inhibition obtained by daily treatment with the steroid paramethasone disappeared when treatment was withdrawn.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Betamethasone; Chloroquine; Cortisone; Dexamethasone; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Male; Mycobacterium; Paramethasone; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Rats; Research; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Analgesics; Antipyretics; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Neuritis; Salicylates; Urea

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Copper; Exercise Therapy; Gold; Humans; Phenylbutazone; Physical Therapy Modalities; Physiology; Rehabilitation; Rest; Salicylates

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Sedimentation; Child; Chloroquine; Diagnosis, Differential; England; Genetics, Medical; Gold; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Iridocyclitis; Mortality; Pathology; Phenylbutazone; Physical Therapy Modalities; Radiography; Salicylates; Splints; Spondylitis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Child; Chloroquine; Cortisone; Drug Therapy; Humans; Infant; Prednisone; Pyrazoles; Salicylates; Triamcinolone

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chloroquine; Glucocorticoids; Gold; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates

Topics: Achlorhydria; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Gastric Juice; Salicylates; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Sedimentation; Erythrocytes; Salicylates; Steroids

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Phenylbutazone; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Arthritis; Disease; Drug Combinations; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Knee; Knee Joint; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Tissue Extracts

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Salicylates; Uric Acid

Topics: Arthritis; Choline; Drug Combinations; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Choline; Drug Combinations; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Choline; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Salicylates; Sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamides; Sulfonamides

Topics: Arthritis; Balneology; Drug Combinations; Humans; Humic Substances; Orthopedics; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Salicylanilides; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antacids; Arthritis; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; General Practice; Humans; Prednisone; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Vitamins

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Humans; Phenylbutazone; Prednisone; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Arthritis; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Salicylates; Succinates; Succinic Acid

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Salicylates; Sodium

Topics: Acids; Arthritis; Cinnamates; Humans; Pain; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Sodium

Topics: Arthritis; Aspirin; Humans; Salicylates; Succinates; Succinic Acid

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Salicylates

Topics: Anthelmintics; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Ascorbic Acid; Mephenesin; Salicylates; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Humans; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Disease; Humans; Neuritis; Peripheral Nerves; Salicylamides; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Camphor; Humans; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Electrolytes; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Minerals; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate; Uric Acid

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Balneology; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cortisone; Gold; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Administration, Oral; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Humans; Pantothenic Acid; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Salicylamides; Salicylates

Topics: Aminopyrine; Analgesics; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cortisone; Humans; Joints; Salicylates

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Coal Tar; Cortisone; Humans; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Catechols; Humans; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates; Sodium

Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Humans; Parity; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Salicylates

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Aminosalicylic Acids; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Salicylates

Topics: Arthritis; Humans; Salicylates; Succinates; Succinic Acid

Topics: Arthritis; Humans; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatic Fever; Salicylates