safranine-t and Body-Weight

The mandible has a mixed embryological origin, and its growth is associated with the secondary cartilage of the condyle process (CP). In this area, growth depends on an array of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence protein metabolism. In the present study, we used an adolescent rat model to evaluate the growth and development of the CP under conditions of pre- and postnatal protein deficiency, combined with or without the stress of severe burn injury (BI). We found that protein deficiency severely undermined the growth of the CP, by altering the thickness of its constituent layers. BI is also capable of affecting CP growth, although the effect is less severe than protein deficiency. Interestingly, the summed effect of protein deficiency and BI on the CP is less severe than protein deficiency alone. A possible explanation is that the increased carbohydrates in a hypoproteic diet stimulate the production of endogenous insulin and protein synthesis, which partially compensates for the loss of lean body mass caused by BI.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Burns; Cartilage; Coloring Agents; Female; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Phenazines; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Rats; Tissue Fixation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism in favorable prognosis following pediatric condylar fractures managed by closed procedures. Seventy-five 1-month-old male Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Unilateral medially rotated condyle fracture in growing rats was adopted as the condyle fracture model to investigate the mechanism in favorable healing of pediatric condylar fractures. The entire fracture healing process was investigated. The rotated subcondylar fractures in young rats healed by means of callus formation, with simultaneous and prompt repositioning of the condyle. The positive outcome in these condyle fractures was also associated with active cell proliferation potential in the condyle, as well as the condyle's remodeling capability. The growth potential and remodeling capability of the condyle during the growing period might be the intrinsic factor for favorable healing following pediatric condylar fractures managed by closed procedures.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Azo Compounds; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Bone Remodeling; Bony Callus; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Proliferation; Chondrocytes; Coloring Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Fracture Healing; Isoenzymes; Joint Dislocations; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Mandibular Fractures; Methyl Green; Osteogenesis; Phenazines; Prognosis; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Treatment Outcome

To assess the clinical and histologic effects of an intraarticular application of low-dose (non-cytotoxic) liposomal clodronate in established antigen-induced monarthritis (AIA) in rabbits.. AIA was monitored by assessments of joint swelling, C-reactive protein levels, and radiographic changes in 17 NZW rabbits for 8 weeks during the course of weekly intraarticular injections of liposomal clodronate (0.145 mg/injection, low dose) or "empty" liposomes. The contralateral knee was injected with liposome buffer alone as the control. End-point analyses included macroscopic joint examination, immuno- and TUNEL staining, Safranin O staining/microspectrophotometry, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) convertase enzyme (TACE) inhibition assay.. Liposomal clodronate-treated rabbits showed a reduction and delay in joint swelling during the first 3 injections. Expression of matrix-bound (solubilized) TNFalpha, lining cell hyperplasia, and levels of RAM-11+ macrophages were low in the synovium of the liposomal clodronate treatment group, but the proportion of apoptotic lining cells was not affected. The radiologic score was low at the end of weeks 2 and 4, but at 8 weeks, no difference, compared with controls, was found in pannus formation or in the extent of joint erosion; also, joint swelling was higher than before initiation of treatment. Injections of liposomal clodronate prevented cartilage proteoglycan loss, which was significant in the superficial zone only. TACE activity was not inhibited by clodronate.. Liposomal clodronate had temporary antiinflammatory and antierosive effects on established AIA in rabbits. Over the long-term, the loss of cartilage proteoglycans was halted. This observed treatment effect may be related to the inhibition of TNFalpha production and processing in the synovium.

Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAM17 Protein; Animals; Antigens; Apoptosis; Arthritis; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Cartilage; Clodronic Acid; Injections, Intra-Articular; Liposomes; Metalloendopeptidases; Microspectrophotometry; Phenazines; Proteoglycans; Rabbits; Synovial Membrane

Changes in contact area and pressure distribution with loading were evaluated on the proximal articulating surface of the equine third carpal bone using safranin-O dye staining and pressure sensitive film techniques. A significant increase in percentage contact area resulted as the applied load was increased from 3115 to 9000 N (54.93% +/- 7.99 vs 61.43% +/- 7.37 respectively, P = 0.016). The area in contact shifted towards the dorsal aspect of both the radial and intermediate facets of the third carpal bone. Changes were also detected in the mean pressure under the same loading conditions. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the mean pressure on the dorsomedial to dorsolateral aspect of the radial facet and the dorsomedial to middle-lateral aspect of the intermediate facet with increased loading. A trend towards an increase (P < 0.10) in mean pressure was detected on the middle-medial aspect of the radial facet and the middle-medial to palmar-lateral aspect of the intermediate facet. There was no significant increase (P > 0.05) in mean pressure with an increase in load from 3115 to 9000 N at the palmar aspect of either facet. The increase in contact area and mean pressure with loading in the most dorsal and dorsomedial aspect of the radial facet may explain the large amount of third carpal bone trauma seen in this location in racing horses.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carpal Bones; Carpus, Animal; Coloring Agents; Female; Gait; Horses; Male; Phenazines; Stress, Mechanical