s6c-sarafotoxin and Prostatic-Neoplasms

In some diseases in which endothelin-1 production increases, e.g. prostate cancer, endothelin-1 is considered to be involved in the generation of pain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist, (E)-N-[6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)[2,2'-bipyrimidin]-4-yl]-2-phenylethenesulfonamide monopotassium salt (YM598), on the nociception potentiated by endothelin-1 in a cancer inoculation-induced pain model in mice, induced by inoculation of the androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line PPC-1 into the hind paws of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. No pain responses were observed in the sham-operated mice, whereas monophasic pain responses were observed in the PPC-1-inoculated mice. Endothelin-1 (1 to 10 pmol/paw) but not sarafotoxin S6c potentiated the pain response in prostate cancer-inoculated mice. Both YM598 and atrasentan (0.3 to 3 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the endothelin-1 (10 pmol/paw)-induced potentiation of nociception in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonists might relieve pain in patients with various diseases in which endothelin-1 production is increased, e.g. prostate cancer.

Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Atrasentan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; Endothelin-1; Hindlimb; Male; Mice; Mice, SCID; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pyrimidines; Pyrrolidines; Sulfonamides; Time Factors; Viper Venoms

The objective of the present study was to characterize the binding and functional properties of endothelin (ET) receptor subtypes in the human prostate. Human prostatic tissue was obtained from male subjects undergoing radical prostatectomy for low-volume prostate cancer. The optimal assay conditions for characterizing human prostatic ET-1 binding sites on slide-mounted tissue sections were defined. Maximal specific 125I-ET-1 binding was achieved after a 10-min preincubation, a 120-min incubation, and a washing procedure that consisted of a brief rinse and a 1-min wash. The mean equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and density (Bmax) of ET-1 binding sites determined from six saturation studies were 0.72 +/- 0.13 nM and 40.4 +/- 6.9 fmol/mg of wet weight, respectively. The mean Hill coefficient was 0.99 +/- 0.01, indicating that 125I-ET-1 identifies a single population of binding sites. The pharmacology of 125I-ET-1 binding sites was characterized using competitive binding experiments. The competition plots for ET-1 were best fit by a one-binding site model, whereas the plots for sarafotoxin 6C (S6C) and BQ123 were consistently best fit by a two-site model. The mean Ki value of ET-1 was 0.34 +/- 0.12 nM. The mean Ki values for the high and low affinity S6C binding sites were 0.50 +/- 0.09 nM and 0.84 +/- 0.28 microM, respectively. The mean Ki values for the high and low affinity BQ123 binding sites were 5.51 +/- 1.05 nM and 24.9 +/- 6.5 microM, respectively. The ratio of ETA to ETB binding sites was approximately 2:1. The ET receptor subtype mediating prostatic smooth muscle tension was investigated using agonist-antagonist competition studies. ET-1, a nonselective ET agonist, elicited a potent contraction of prostate smooth muscle. The pA2 of BQ123 for inhibiting ET-1-mediated contraction was 6.84. S6C, a selective ETB agonist, also elicited a potent contraction of prostate smooth muscle. BQ123 at concentractions between 0.1 and 10 microM did not shift the S6C dose-response curve. These functional studies suggest that both ETA and ETB receptors mediate the tension of prostate smooth muscle. Endogenous ETS may be involved in the pathophysiology of bladder outlet obstruction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. If this is the case, then ET antagonists may represent effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Topics: Binding, Competitive; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; Endothelins; Frozen Sections; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Peptides, Cyclic; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Endothelin; Tissue Embedding; Viper Venoms