s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine and Weight-Gain

Nitric oxide was found to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis in cells as diverse as brown adipocytes and 3T3-L1, U937, and HeLa cells. This effect of nitric oxide was dependent on guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and was mediated by the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by exposure to cold was markedly reduced in brown adipose tissue of endothelial nitric oxide synthase null-mutant (eNOS-/-) mice, which had a reduced metabolic rate and accelerated weight gain as compared to wild-type mice. Thus, a nitric oxide-cGMP-dependent pathway controls mitochondrial biogenesis and body energy balance.

Topics: 3T3 Cells; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Cold Temperature; Cyclic GMP; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Mitochondrial; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Female; HeLa Cells; High Mobility Group Proteins; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Motor Activity; NF-E2-Related Factor 1; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Nuclear Proteins; Nuclear Respiratory Factors; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Oxadiazoles; Oxygen Consumption; Penicillamine; Quinoxalines; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; U937 Cells; Weight Gain