rosmarinic-acid and Diabetes-Mellitus

Phytochemicals are abundantly occurring natural compounds extracted from plant sources. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an abundant phytochemical of

Topics: Antioxidants; Cinnamates; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rosmarinic Acid

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease result from absolute or relative insulin secretion deficiency, insulin resistance, or both, and has become a major and growing public healthy menace worldwide. Currently, clinical antidiabetic drugs still have some limitations in efficacy and safety such as gastrointestinal side effects, hypoglycemia, or weight gain.

Topics: Abietanes; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cinnamates; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rosmarinic Acid; Rosmarinus

Rosmarinic acid is a bioactive phytochemical that can be found in many herbs as ethnomedicines. It possesses remarkable pharmacological activities, and thus leading to its exploration as a therapeutic drug in diabetes treatment recently. This article reviews the extraction and fractionation techniques for plant-based natural rosmarinic acid and its anti-diabetic potential based on literature data published in journals, books, and patents from 1958 to 2017. Factors affecting the performance of rosmarinic acid extraction and fractionation such as operating temperature, time, solvent to sample ratio and eluent system are compiled and discussed in detail. The inhibitory action of rosmarinic acid against sugar digestive enzymes, and protective action towards pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and glucolipotoxicity mediated oxidative stress are also critically reviewed. The optimal parameters are largely dependent on the applied extraction and fractionation techniques, as well as the nature of plant samples. Previous studies have proven the potent role of rosmarinic acid to control plasma glucose level and increase insulin sensitivity in hyperglycemia. Although rosmarinic acid is readily absorbed by human body, its mechanism after consumption is remained unclear. Intensive studies should be well planned to determine the dosage and toxicity level of rosmarinic acid for efficacy and safe consumption.

Topics: Chemical Fractionation; Cinnamates; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Extracts; Rosmarinic Acid; Rosmarinus

This study evaluated the protective effects of two rosemary components, rosmarinic acid (RA) and carnosic acid (CA), against hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and an imbalanced gut microbiota architecture in diabetic rats. Treatment with RA and CA (30 mg kg

Topics: Abietanes; Animals; Aorta; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cinnamates; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Glycosylation; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rosmarinic Acid; Rosmarinus; Streptozocin; Triglycerides

Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum are plants ethnopharmacologically used to treat diabetes mellitus, a life-threatening disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In order to further understand their antidiabetic potential, which has been previously demonstrated in animal models, we aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of major phenolic substances from both plants on insulin secretion and gene expression in pancreatic islets isolated from NMRI mice. Insulin secretion was measured after acute (1 h) and long-term (72 h) incubation of islets with one of four cinnamic acid derivatives (caftaric, caffeic, chicoric, and rosmarinic acids) or a C-glucosylated flavonoid (vicenin-2). All substances acutely enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from islets at concentrations from 10

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cinnamates; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Flavonoids; Gene Expression; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Ocimum basilicum; Plant Extracts

Five polar constituents of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum were investigated for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase (ALR2), the first enzyme of the polyol pathway implicated in the secondary complications of diabetes. The most active compound was found to be lithospermic acid B. Caffeic acid was inactive as it showed no inhibitory activity against the enzyme. The order of the inhibitory activity of the remaining compounds was: rosmarinic acid >12-hydroxyjasmonic acid 12-O-beta-glucopyranoside > p-menth-3-ene-1,2-diol 1-O-beta-glucopyranoside. Docking studies have been undertaken to gain insight into the binding mode of the investigated compounds at the active site of ALR2. The predicted hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions may explain the observed inhibitory activity.

Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Animals; Binding Sites; Cinnamates; Computer Simulation; Crystallography, X-Ray; Databases, Factual; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucosides; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Molecular; NADP; Origanum; Rosmarinic Acid; Static Electricity; Structure-Activity Relationship