rome and Abortion--Spontaneous

In consideration of the effect of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and ACP1 (a low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase) on T-cell receptor activity, we have analysed the joint distribution of these polymorphisms in a sample of women with primary repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA) to search for possible interactive effects on susceptibility to RSA.. ACP1 and ADA phenotypes were determined in 170 women with primary RSA in 79 healthy consecutive puerperae and in 160 female newborns from the Caucasian population of Rome and in 357 healthy consecutive puerperae from the Caucasian population of Penne. Chi-square test of independence and three way contingency table analysis by a log-linear model were performed.. Women with low-ADA activity and high-ACP1 activity show the lowest susceptibility to RSA. Women with high-ADA activity and low-ACP1 activity, on the contrary, show the highest susceptibility to RSA and also the highest incidence of auto antibodies and of A blood group incompatibility.. The data are in agreement with those expected on the basis of the effects of ACP1 and ADA genetic variability on T-cell receptor activity and suggest a cooperative effect of the two polymorphic systems in the susceptibility/resistance to repeated spontaneous abortion.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Autoantibodies; Female; Fertility; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pregnancy; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Rome

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Female; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Rome

We investigated the possible differential effects of A and B blood group materno-fetal incompatibility on human fertility through a comparative analysis of couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and healthy mothers. ABO phenotype was determined in 5180 healthy mothers and their newborn babies from the population of Sassari (Sardinia) and in 1359 healthy puerperae (women who have just given birth) from the population of Rome. Mother-newborn joint ABO distribution in healthy mothers was compared with wife-husband joint ABO distribution in RSA couples. Distortions from expected distribution were evaluated by symmetry analysis. In both RSA couples and healthy mothers significant deviation from expected symmetry patterns were observed. Deviations in RSA are in the opposite direction to those observed in healthy puerperae. The most important difference observed concerned the symmetric joint phenotypes mother (women) A/infant (husband) B (B incompatible) and mother (women) B/infant (husband) A (A incompatible). A low number of B incompatible in RSA couples and a high number of B incompatible in healthy mothers was observed. The phenomenon is much more evident in women aged 24-28 years, a period of maximum fecundity. It is possible that the presence of anti-B immunoglobulin in the mother might have a protective effect against fetal loss in some cases of mother-infant ABO incompatibility.

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Blood Group Incompatibility; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Gene Frequency; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Italy; Linear Models; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Rome

The prevalence of HIV-1 among women of reproductive age is currently estimated at the time they give birth. We assessed HIV-1 prevalence at the end of pregnancy, whether they delivered or had an induced or spontaneous abortion. Women admitted at the end of pregnancy to hospitals in the Lazio Region, Italy, were tested for antibodies to HIV-1. Consent for testing was granted by 97.1% of 218,357 subjects; women who did not consent were tested anonymously. The prevalences of infection were 0.34% in 1989, 0.38% in 1990, 0.28% in 1991, 0.23% in 1992, 0.28% in 1993, and 0.24% in 1994. Significantly higher prevalences of infection were associated with induced abortion (0.49%) than with delivery (0.18%; OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 2.29-3.22) and among women who refused (0.85%) than among those who consented to testing (0.27%; OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 2.35-4.19). A significant temporal reduction in prevalence was observed only among women who delivered (0.15% in 1993 and 1994; 0.26% in 1989 and 1990). The prevalence of HIV-1 infection is thus higher among women undergoing induced abortions than among those who deliver and higher among women who refuse testing than among those who consent. Studies confined to neonatal testing or to voluntary testing of pregnant women would thus underestimate the prevalence of HIV-1 among women of reproductive age.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seroprevalence; HIV-1; Humans; Population Surveillance; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Rome

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Asia, Western; Attitude; Female; Greece, Ancient; History, Ancient; Humans; Pregnancy; Rome

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Birth Weight; Cesarean Section; Congenital Abnormalities; Delivery, Obstetric; Extraction, Obstetrical; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Obstetrical Forceps; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Rome

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Age Factors; Female; Humans; Occupations; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Rome