rocuronium and Mydriasis

To determine the combined mydriatic effects of topical rocuronium bromide and phenylephrine in juvenile loggerhead turtles and identify any adverse effects associated with treatment.. Eleven juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta).. Four 20 μL drops of rocuronium bromide and four 20 μL drops of 10% phenylephrine were placed into the right eye at 2-minute intervals of 5 turtles, while the same volume of saline was administered to six control turtles. A pupilometer recorded pupil measurements at rest and following a light stimulus at 2, 15, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, and 360 minutes following delivery of the final drop to the ocular surface. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured at similar time points.. The nonilluminated and light-stimulated pupillary diameter of the right eye of treated turtles was significantly greater than baseline starting at 120 and 15 minutes, respectively. Light-stimulated pupillary diameter of treated eyes was greater than that of control eyes from time 15 minutes until the end of the treatment period. No systemic side effects were noted over a 24 hours period following treatment and all turtles showed normal behavior and appetite. No mydriasis was noted in either eye at 24 hours and the anterior segment was normal.. A combination of topical ophthalmic rocuronium bromide and 10% phenylephrine is safe and effective for mydriasis in juvenile loggerhead turtles.

Topics: Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Mydriasis; Phenylephrine; Rocuronium; Turtles

To evaluate the achievement of a bilateral mydriasis in raptors induced by a concurrent topical application of rocuronium bromide and to assess any side effects that might result from its use. Animals studied  Ten healthy adult common buzzards (Buteo buteo) and 10 healthy adult little owls (Athene noctua).. Common buzzards (Group 1) received a single dose of 0.40 mg of rocuronium bromide in each eye (total dose 0.80 mg/bird), whereas the little owls (Group 2) received a single dose of 0.20 mg in each eye (total dose 0.40 mg/bird). The drug was topically instilled in all the birds of both groups. The pupil diameter was measured with a pupillary gauge and the assessment of the pupillary light reflexes was performed using a standard light source.. Maximal pupillary diameter was 8.10 ± 0.56 mm in the right eye and 8.05 ± 0.59 mm in the left eye for Group 1 and 10.0 ± 0.75 mm in both eyes for Group 2. No statistical differences were evidenced between the achieved pupillary diameters of both eyes in each group. The maximal pupillary diameter was achieved at T110 min and T40 min for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The drug did not cause noticeable adverse effects in the examined birds.. A single concurrent topical administration of rocuronium bromide to the eyes of the examined birds induced a complete bilateral mydriasis in both eyes without causing any adverse effect.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Androstanols; Animals; Falconiformes; Mydriasis; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Rocuronium; Strigiformes

To evaluate the mydriatic efficacy of a neuromuscular blocking agent (rocuronium bromide) applied topically to only one eye of nocturnal birds of prey and to assess for any general and/or local adverse effects due to its use. Animal studied  Twelve healthy adult tawny owls (Strix aluco) were randomly divided in two groups.. Six birds (Group 1) received a single dose of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide. The second group of subjects (Group 2) received two doses of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide (total 0.70 mg/eye). In both groups, the curariform agent was instilled topically. Pupil diameter was measured with a pupillary gauge in 10 min intervals for a total of 100 min and then every 20 min for a total of 240 min. The assessment of the pupillary light reflex was performed using a standard light source during pupillary size recording.. Maximal pupillary diameter was 11.5 ± 0.3 mm for Group 1 and 11.0 ± 0.6 mm for Group 2 and no statistically significant differences were detected among the two groups. The maximal pupillary diameter was achieved at T80 for Group 1, and at T60 for Group 2. A complete fundus examination was possible on all treated eyes of subjects of both groups. The drug did not cause any noticeable adverse effects in any of the examined birds.. Results of the present study suggest that a single topical administration of 0.35 mg of rocuronium bromide to the eyes of healthy tawny owls results in sufficient mydriasis to allow for a complete examination of the fundus.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Androstanols; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Mydriasis; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Rocuronium; Strigiformes

Rocuronium bromide has been evaluated as a mydriatic agent in birds, but the species applied were limited and the dose and effect were variable.. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical rocuronium bromide as mydriatics in 4 species according to horizontal palpebral fissure length: Feral pigeon (. A total of 32 birds (8 for each species) were included as pre-releasing examination. Rocuronium bromide was instilled in one randomly selected eye of each bird based on palpebral fissure length criteria (0.5 mg/50 µL for pigeons, 1 mg/100 µL for kestrels and boobook owls, and 2 mg/200 µL for eagle owls). The contralateral eye was used as control and treated with normal saline. After instillation of the drug, pupil diameter, pupillary light reflex, intraocular pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were evaluated at 10 min intervals up to 180 min and at 30 min intervals up to 360 min.. Rocuronium bromide could be a good mydriatics option for 4 species of birds, however, further studies are needed to find lowest effective dose to reduce drug-related side effects.

Topics: Animals; Columbidae; Mydriasis; Mydriatics; Rocuronium; Strigiformes

This study aimed to investigate the effect of mydriasis using topical rocuronium bromide on electroretinography (ERG) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). Scotopic mixed rod and cone, photopic cone, and photopic flicker ERG were performed on nine eyes of nine healthy adult pigeons under sedation. Each pigeon underwent two sets of ERG recordings. First, without the induction of mydriasis (control) and the second time with the induction of mydriasis using topical rocuronium bromide (treatment). The results were compared using either the Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, where a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. No significant differences were observed in the a- and b-wave implicit times and amplitudes during scotopic ERG between the two groups. The a- and b-wave amplitudes in the photopic cone were significantly higher in the treatment group (63.83 ± 32.33 and 191.75 ± 94.46 µV) compared to the control group (46.15 ± 27.60 and 116.76 ± 70.65 µV; P=0.045 and P=0.032, respectively). The photopic flicker amplitude was also significantly higher in the treatment group (76.23 ± 48.56 µV) than in the control group (42.18 ± 31.18 µV; P=0.044). No statistically significant differences were observed in the photopic cone and flicker implicit times between both groups. In conclusions, mydriasis induced by rocuronium bromide in pigeon resulting in higher amplitudes during the photopic ERG but not scotopic ERG.

Topics: Animals; Columbidae; Electroretinography; Mydriasis; Rocuronium

Fixed and dilated pupils are disturbing when encountered during a physical examination in the pediatric intensive care unit, particularly when sedation or neuromuscular blockade confounds the neurologic examination. Rocuronium, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular drug, does not cross the blood-brain barrier and is not considered a causative agent for fixed mydriasis. We report a case of bilateral fixed and dilated pupils in a 1-week-old low-birth-weight neonate, which we contend was secondary to centrally mediated neuromuscular blockade.

Topics: Androstanols; Duodenostomy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mydriasis; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Postoperative Complications; Rocuronium