rocuronium and Epilepsy

BACKGROUND Etomidate and rocuronium are often paired in rapid-sequence anesthesia induction. However, the effect of pretreatment with oxycodone on myoclonic and withdrawal movements has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oxycodone on the incidence and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus and rocuronium-induced nociceptive withdrawal movements during rapid-sequence anesthesia induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS We randomly divided 120 patients into the saline group (group S) and the oxycodone group (group O) (n=60 in each group). Patients received 0.05 mg/kg oxycodone or saline intravenously 2 min before administration of 0.3 mg/kg etomidate. The occurrence and severity of myoclonus were assessed after administration of etomidate, then rocuronium was injected, followed by evaluation of withdrawal movements. RESULTS The total frequency of involuntary movements following sequential administration of etomidate and rocuronium was significantly lower in Group O than in Group S (28.3% vs. 90%, p<0.001). The total frequency and grade 3 severity of myoclonus following etomidate injection in Group O was significantly lower than in Group S (25.0% vs. 63.3% for total frequency; 0 vs. 10 for grade 3 severity, P<0.001). The total frequency and grade 3 intensity of withdrawal movements were significantly less in Group O than in Group S (6.7% vs. 73.3% for total frequency; 0 vs. 11 for grade 3 intensity, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Oxycodone is effective for simultaneously preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus and rocuronium-induced withdrawal movements during general anesthesia induction.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Androstanols; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Double-Blind Method; Dyskinesias; Epilepsy; Etomidate; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Myoclonus; Oxycodone; Rocuronium

The diagnostic value of interictal short time electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in epileptic dogs under general anaesthesia with propofol and the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide was investigated. Two activation techniques, namely photic stimulation and hyperventilation, were evaluated for their potential to enhance the diagnostic validity of these recordings. Sixty-one dogs suffering from idiopathic epilepsy and 28 dogs suffering from symptomatic epilepsy were included. Electroencephalograms were recorded using five subdermal EEG electrodes (F3, F4, Cz, O1 and O2). All 89 EEGs were analysed visually and 61 were also evaluated quantitatively with fast Fourier transformation. Interictal paroxysmal epileptiform activity was found in 25% of idiopathic and in 29% of symptomatic epileptic dogs. Quantitative analysis of the EEGs (qEEGs) detected significant differences of frequency analysis in single reading points without any continuous changes of frequency bands. A comparison between healthy and affected brain hemispheres in seven dogs with focal lesions of one hemisphere did not show any significant differences in qEEG analysis. qEEG was not more sensitive than visual evaluation. Despite the use of activation techniques, the results showed that short time EEG recordings in epileptic dogs can detect interictal epileptic activity in less than one third of all seizuring dogs and is not a useful screening method.

Topics: Androstanols; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Hyperventilation; Male; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Photic Stimulation; Propofol; Rocuronium; Time Factors

The onset and time course of action of rocuronium in normal children and children receiving anticonvulsant drugs for prolonged periods was characterized. A single bolus dose of 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium was administered i.v. to seven nonepileptic patients on no medication, and eight patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy consisting of either phenytoin, carbamazepine, or both who were age and weight matched. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored by the evoked compound electromyography of the thenar muscles using train of four stimulation every 20 s. Recovery times of the first twitch to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of baseline values and recovery index were obtained. The onset times were 1.05+/-0.5 and 1.41+/-0.5 min for the control and anticonvulsant groups respectively and were not significantly different. Children receiving chronic anticonvulsant therapy had significantly shorter recovery index than the control group (control 10.4+/-5.1 min, anticonvulsant 4.8+/-1.7 min, P<0.05). Furthermore, the duration of recovery to 10%, 50%, 75% and 100% of baseline T1 values was less in the anticonvulsant drug group. Our data confirm resistance to rocuronium in children on chronic anticonvulsant drugs.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Androstanols; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Epilepsy; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Neuromuscular Blockade; Neuromuscular Junction; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Phenytoin; Rocuronium; Synaptic Transmission; Thumb; Time Factors

Topics: Androstanols; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance; Epilepsy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Rocuronium; Synaptic Transmission