ro13-9904 and Peritoneal-Diseases

The accelerative effect of EMLA (eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) in the wound healing process is known. We hypothesised that post-operative peritoneal adhesions may be reduced with intra-peritoneal EMLA administration in a model of bacterial peritonitis.. Bacterial peritonitis was induced in 24 rats by cecal ligation and puncture. The rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group 1 (n=6)) received EMLA intraperitoneally, group 2 (n=6) received 2% lidocaine hcl solution intraperitoneally, the third group received one dose (100 mg/kg) of ceftriaxone sodium (Rocephin, Roche, 1 g) intraperitoneally one day after cecal ligation and puncture procedure, and in control group (group 4, n=6), no fluid or medicine was introduced into the abdomens of the rats. All animals were killed 14 days later in order to assess the adhesion score. Tissue antioxidant levels were measured in 1 g tissue samples taken from the abdominal wall.. The adhesion score was significantly lower in the EMLA group than in the lidocaine and control groups. The catalase levels were higher in the lidocaine and control groups than in EMLA group.. Intraperitoneal EMLA inhibited the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions without compromising the wound healing in this bacterial peritonitis rat model. EMLA also decreased the oxidative stress during peritonitis (Tab. 1, Fig. 7, Ref. 27). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

Topics: Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Female; Lidocaine; Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; Oxidative Stress; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis; Prilocaine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Adhesions; Wound Healing

The authors report three cases of acute epiploitis diagnosed intraoperatively and discuss the etiopathogenetic hypotheses. They suggest a relationship between acute epiploitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis, as well as their common origin.

Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Child; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Mesenteric Lymphadenitis; Omentum; Peritoneal Diseases; Premedication

Treatment of fecal peritonitis includes administration of antibiotics, physical removal of contaminants, and restoration of gastrointestinal integrity. The temporal relationship of parenteral antibiotics and peritoneal irrigation with varied antibiotic solutions was studied in a peritonitis model. Antibiotics in high concentrations may actually inhibit host immune cells; therefore, dilute solutions used were MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) (micrograms per millimeter) equivalent to usually achieved standard therapeutic blood levels. Sprague-Dawley rats were given a quantitative intraperitoneal challenge of 2 x 10(10) CFU/kg Escherichia coli and 10 mg autoclaved rat feces. Rats were randomized to receive 30 mg/kg intramuscular ceftriaxone (CTRX) either at the time of challenge (T = 0) or 2 hr later (T = 2). Two hours after peritonitis, rats received peritoneal irrigation with 30 cc of (1) normal saline, (2) dilute (10 mg/liter) CTRX solution, or (3) concentrated (1000 mg/liter) CTRX solution or (4) no irrigation. Survival and intraperitoneal pathology were then assessed. Parenteral CTRX given concurrently with peritoneal contamination improved survival (67%) compared with parenteral administration given 2 hr later (33%) (P < 0.05). Intraperitoneal CTRX irrigation improved survival (100%) in animals that received parenteral CTRX concurrently with contamination; this beneficial effect was present with both dilute and concentrated solutions and was significantly better than saline irrigation alone. Parenteral antibiotics given early after contamination of the peritoneum associated later with peritoneal lavage with antibiotic solutions improved survival.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Ceftriaxone; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneal Lavage; Peritonitis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Using a rat model of intraperitoneal abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis, we evaluated therapy with the combination of ceftriaxone plus the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam in comparison with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime alone. When treatment was begun five hours after bacterial challenge, final bacterial counts within abscesses at 3.5 days of treatment were as follows (mean +/- S.D., log10 cfu/g): ceftriaxone plus tazobactam, 4.15 +/- 1.25; cefotaxime, 4.77 +/- 1.80; ceftriaxone alone, 5.68 +/- 1.04; untreated controls, 9.14 +/- 1.13. In spite of pharmacokinetic differences between the two drugs, coadministration of tazobactam significantly enhanced activity of ceftriaxone in this model.

Topics: Abdomen; Abscess; Animals; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Ceftriaxone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Penicillanic Acid; Peritoneal Diseases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tazobactam