ro13-9904 and Intestinal-Diseases

Objective To study the effect of intestinal dysbacteriosis on mouse intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (iIELs). Methods The intestinal dysbacteriosis was induced in mice by oral administration of ceftriaxone sodium. The iIELs were digested with ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and DL-dithiothreitol (DTT). The phenotype of iIELs and the proportions of subsets of T cells were detected by flow cytometry; the concentrations of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ) in the intestine were examined by ELISA; the intestinal bacteria were analyzed with selective medium and PCR. Results Compared with the control group, intestinal commensal bacteria in mice were significantly reduced after the administration of ceftriaxone sodium, but fungi and yeasts increased. The proportions of T cell subgroups in ilELs changed, in which the proportion of TCR γδ(+)T cells significantly increased, and the activated CD3(+)T, CD8(+)T and TCR γδ(+)T cells increased. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly raised in the intestine. Conclusion The dysbacteriosis results in the decrease of commensal bacteria, the increase of the fungus, the damage of microbial barrier, the more activated T cells in ilELs and the promotion of proinflammatory cytokine secretion in the gut. This is probably one of the reasons for inflammatory bowel disease caused by dysbacteriosis.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Bacteria; Ceftriaxone; Cytokines; Dysbiosis; Flow Cytometry; Inflammation Mediators; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lectins, C-Type; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; T-Lymphocytes

In the present study, a cross-sectional survey of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections in relation to diarrhoea in Vhembe district and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated bacterial pathogens was conducted. Stool samples were collected from 528 patients attending major public hospitals and 295 children attending two public primary schools and were analyzed by standard microbiological and parasitological techniques. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (34.2%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (25.5%) were the most common parasitic causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Giardia lamblia (12.8%) was the most common cause of diarrhoea among the primary school children (p < 0.05). Schistosoma mansoni (14.4%) was more common in non-diarrhoeal samples at both hospitals (16.9%) and schools (17.6%). Campylobacter spp. (24.9%), Aeromonas spp. (20.8%), and Shigella spp. (8.5%) were the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Campylobacter (12.8%) and Aeromonas spp. (12.8%) were most common in diarrhoeal samples from school children. Vibrio spp. was less common (3% in the hospitals) and were all associated with diarrhoea. Antimicrobial resistance was common among the bacterial isolates but ceftriaxone (91%) and ciprofloxacin (88.6%) showed stronger activities against all the organisms. The present study has demonstrated that E. histolytica/dispar, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora are common parasitic causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district while Campylobacter spp. and Aeromonas are the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district of South Africa.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Ceftriaxone; Child; Ciprofloxacin; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance; Feces; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Intestines; Parasites; Prevalence; South Africa

Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were effective in the treatment of Yersinia enterocolitica O9 intestinal infection in mice. Amikacin was less effective. The impact of these drugs on indigenous bacteria from the intestinal microbiota was studied.

Topics: Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Feces; Female; Intestinal Diseases; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia Infections

Topics: Cefmenoxime; Ceftriaxone; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Legionella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Serratia