ritonavir and Lung-Diseases

To describe clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and immunosuppressive therapies with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at an academic rheumatology center in Madrid and to identify baseline variables associated with a severe infection requiring hospitalization.. We identified SARS-CoV-2 positive cases by polymerase chain reaction performed at our center within an updated RMDs database in our clinic. Additional RMDs patients were identified when they contacted the clinic because of a positive infection. Data extraction included diagnosis, demographics, immunosuppressive treatment, comorbidities, and laboratory tests. Comparisons between patients with or without hospitalization were performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze associations between baseline variables and need for hospitalization.. A total of 62 patients with COVID-19 and underlying RMDs were identified by April 24, 2020. Median age was 60.9 years, and 42% men. Forty-two patients required hospitalization; these were more frequently men, older and with comorbidities. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for rheumatologic diagnosis and for baseline use of immunosuppressive therapy except for glucocorticoids that were more frequent in hospitalized patients. Total deaths were 10 (16%) patients. In multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 8.63; p = 0.018), previous lung disease (OR, 27.47; p = 0.042), and glucocorticoids use (> 5 mg/day) (OR, 9.95; p = 0.019) were significantly associated to hospitalization.. Neither specific RMD diagnoses or exposures to DMARDs were associated with increased odds of hospitalization. Being male, previous lung disease and exposure to glucocorticoids were associated with higher odds of hospitalization in RMDs patients.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; Comorbidity; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Drug Combinations; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Logistic Models; Lopinavir; Lung Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Retrospective Studies; Ritonavir; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Spain

The incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is rising among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Standard treatment regimens include vinblastine, which is known to cause neurotoxicity (NT) and is metabolized by cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4). This is inhibited by protease inhibitors (PIs), possibly increasing vinblastine exposure. There is little information on how interactions affect clinical outcome. A retrospective review of 32 patients with HIV-HL receiving chemotherapy with curative intent was performed to identify the frequency and risk factors for NT, hematologic toxicity (HT) and lung toxicity (LT). Treatment was: ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) in 90%, MOPP/ABV (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone/doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine) in 10% and HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) in 63%. Seventeen potential risk factors and 18 individual anti-retroviral (ARV) agents were examined, and only ritonavir or lopinavir use was found to have a significant association with toxicity. Grade 3-4 NT occurred in five patients, grade 3-4 HT in 17, infectious complications in 10 and bleomycin LT in three. Ritonavir and lopinavir use was associated with grade 3-4 NT (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), and ritonavir with any HT (p = 0.04). Patients with HIV-HL experienced an increased incidence of NT and possibly HT. The use of ritonavir or lopinavir was associated with NT, suggesting a clinically significant interaction with vinblastine. Prospective pharmacokinetic studies to devise a rational dosing strategy for vinblastine in patients receiving ritonavir/lopinavir are warranted.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Bleomycin; Dacarbazine; Doxorubicin; Female; Hematologic Diseases; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Incidence; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lopinavir; Lung Diseases; Male; Mechlorethamine; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Prednisone; Procarbazine; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Ritonavir; Vinblastine; Vincristine