ritonavir and Embolism

In spite of many ongoing attempts to repurpose existing antivirals, no drugs have emerged yet with the desirable activity against SARS-CoV-2. Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, umifenovir, favipiravir, ribavirin and beta-interferon-1 gave rise to variable but still inconsistent proof of clinical efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. Pathogenetic studies have shown significant differences between commonly defined viral pneumonia and COVID-19 pulmonary disease. In severe forms, immune/inflammatory alterations reminiscent of disease forms like Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) have been described, and therapeutic options other than anti-infective have been proposed and implemented, such as anti-inflammatory and anticoagulative agents. The thrombotic phenomena described in the pulmonary vascular bed of patients with severe COVID-19 suggest the administration of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as standard measure in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Anticoagulants; Antiviral Agents; Biomarkers; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Critical Care; Disease Management; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Embolism; Endothelium, Vascular; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Interferon beta-1b; Lopinavir; Macrophage Activation; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Ritonavir; Thromboembolism; Thrombophilia; Thrombosis