ristocetin and Staphylococcal-Infections

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cephalothin; Colistin; Cycloserine; Demeclocycline; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Griseofulvin; Humans; Kanamycin; Methicillin; Novobiocin; Oxacillin; Paromomycin; Penicillin V; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Toxicology; Troleandomycin; Vancomycin

Antimicrobial drug resistance is a serious public health problem and the development of new antibiotics has become an important priority. Ristocetin A is a class III glycopeptide antibiotic that is used in the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease and which has served as a lead compound for the development of new antimicrobial therapeutics. The 1.0 A resolution crystal structure of the complex between ristocetin A and a bacterial cell-wall peptide has been determined. As is observed for most other glycopeptide antibiotics, it is shown that ristocetin A forms a back-to-back dimer containing concave binding pockets that recognize the cell-wall peptide. A comparison of the structure of ristocetin A with those of class I glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and balhimycin identifies differences in the details of dimerization and ligand binding. The structure of the ligand-binding site reveals a likely explanation for ristocetin A's unique anticooperativity between dimerization and ligand binding.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomimetics; Cell Wall; Crystallization; Dimerization; Drug Design; Humans; Ligands; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Vancomycin; X-Rays

The study of antibacterial and chemotherapeutic activity of eremomycin, a novel glycopeptide antibiotic showed that it inhibited the growth of gram positive and acid fast microbes. The antibacterial spectrum of the novel glycopeptide was close to that of ristomycin and vancomycin. However, the in vitro antibacterial activity of eremomycin was 2-10 times higher than that of ristomycin and vancomycin. It also inhibited the growth of oxacillin resistant microbes at concentrations 5.20 times lower than those of vancomycin and ristomycin. By the therapeutic efficacy in albino mice with staphylococcal or streptococcal sepsis eremomycin was 2-4 times as superior as vancomycin and ristomycin and by the chemotherapeutic indices it was more than 10 times as superior.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Glycopeptides; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Mice; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Vancomycin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Eczema; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Glycols; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Leg Ulcer; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Wound Healing

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Fetus; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfates

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; Female; Fetus; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Depression, Chemical; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rats; Ristocetin; Spleen; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Sulfates; Time Factors

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Candida; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Male; Neomycin; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Georgia (Republic); Humans; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Flavonoids; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Novobiocin; Penicillin Resistance; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tyrothricin; Vancomycin

The in vitro activity of lysostaphin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was determined by conventional tube-dilution methods. For comparison, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were also determined for penicillin G, ampicillin, methicillin, ristocetin, vancomycin, and erythromycin. Phage type and penicillinase and coagulase production were determined for each isolate. The MIC values for lysostaphin ranged from <0.047 to 12.5 mug/ml; 96% of the penicillinase-positive strains were inhibited by 1.56 mug/ml of lysostaphin, whereas 3.12 mug/ml of vancomycin and methicillin were required to attain the same degree of inhibition.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriolysis; Bacteriophage Typing; Coagulase; Erythromycin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lysostaphin; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Penicillinase; Research; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus Phages; Vancomycin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Cloxacillin; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Methicillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Vancomycin

Topics: Acromegaly; Bacitracin; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Hypopituitarism; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Ristocetin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Toxicology; Vancomycin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacteriaceae; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Kanamycin; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriolysis; Bacteriophage Typing; Erythromycin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kanamycin; Lysostaphin; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Research; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus Phages; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Cell Wall; Proteins; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Culture Media; Cycloserine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Fusidic Acid; Kanamycin; L Forms; Methicillin; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Research; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anuria; Brain Abscess; Cholangitis; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Drug Therapy; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Liver Abscess; Meningitis; Meningoencephalitis; Peritonitis; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Ristocetin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Toxicology; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Infant; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Infections; Laboratories; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteremia; Micrococcus; Ristocetin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections