ristocetin and Bacterial-Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choriocarcinoma; Daunorubicin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Lincomycin; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Olivomycins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Ristocetin; Streptonigrin; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Female; Fetus; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Ristocetin; Tetracyclines; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Erythromycin; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Rifampin; Ristocetin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

In a randomized study comprising 60 patients, six different prophylactic regimens were evaluated for their effectiveness in eradicating bacteria on the conjunctivas before surgery. Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic solution was the only antibiotic able to eliminate bacteria in almost all of the examined patients. The other drugs (chloramphenicol solution, oxytetracycline-polymyxin B ointment, sulphamethizole, bacitracin-neomycin and ristocetin-polymyxin B solutions) were not effective, although most of the isolated strains were sensitive to the respective antibiotics, probably because of the short treatment period (18 h). The problem of prophylactic therapy of ophthalmology is discussed, and some guide lines are given.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cataract Extraction; Chloramphenicol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctiva; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxin B; Preoperative Care; Ristocetin; Sulfamethizole; Surgical Wound Infection

MDL 62,873 is an amide derivative of teicoplanin A2-2. Like those of natural glycopeptides, its antibacterial activity is mediated by inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. Against streptococci and enterococci, the in vitro activity of MDL 62,873 was similar to that of teicoplanin and greater than that of vancomycin. Against staphylococci, it has activity similar to that of vancomycin, and it was significantly more active than teicoplanin against coagulase-negative isolates. Like teicoplanin and vancomycin, MDL 62,873 had slow but significant bactericidal activity (99 to 99.9% killing in 24 h) against staphylococci at concentrations near the MIC. In murine septicemia studies with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the 50% effective doses were lower than those of vancomycin. In staphylococcal endocarditis in rats, MDL 62,873 at 20 mg/kg of body weight and vancomycin at 40 mg/kg, both doses given intravenously twice daily, had similar efficacies in reducing the heart bacterial load. These results probably reflect the longer half-life of MDL 62,873, which has a pharmacokinetic profile in rats similar to that of teicoplanin.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Glycopeptides; Half-Life; Male; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rats; Ristocetin; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Teicoplanin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Eczema; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Glycols; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Leg Ulcer; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Wound Healing