rifampin and Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Prognosis; Rifampin; Serologic Tests; Streptomycin; Zoonoses

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease worldwide. It has protean clinical manifestation and sometimes may has a life-threatening complication. A 4-year-old boy presented with a history of fever, myalgia and appetite loss for 3 weeks. On examination, he had hepatosplenomegaly. The initial working diagnosis was an infection, autoimmune disease and malignancy. Investigations showed positive

Topics: Animals; Brucellosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Doxycycline; Humans; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Male; Rifampin; Zoonoses

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by brucella. It has been an increasing trend in recent years (Wang H, Xu WM, Zhu KJ, Zhu SJ, Zhang HF, Wang J, Yang Y, Shao FY, Jiang NM, Tao ZY, Jin HY, Tang Y, Huo LL, Dong F, Li ZJ, Ding H, Liu ZG, Emerg Microbes Infect 9:889-99, 2020). Brucellosis is capable to invade multiple systems throughout the body, lacking in typical clinical manifestations, and easily misdiagnosed and mistreated.. We report a case of a male, 5-year-and-11-month old child without relevant medical history, who was admitted to hospital for 20 days of fever. When admitted to the hospital, we found that he was enervated, irritable and sleepy, accompanied with red eyes phenomenon. After anti-infection treatment with meropenem, no improvement observed. Lumbar puncture revealed normal CSF protein, normal cells, and negative culture. Later, doppler echocardiography suggested coronary aneurysms, and incomplete Kawasaki Disease with coronary aneurysms was proposed. The next day, brucellosis agglutination test was positive. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid suggested B.melitensis, which was confirmed again by blood culture. The child was finally diagnosed as brucellosis with meningocephalitis, coronary aneurysm and keratitis. According to our preliminary research and review, such case has never been reported in detail before. After diagnosis confirmation, the child was treated with rifampicin, compound sulfamethoxazole, and ceftriaxone for cocktail anti-infection therapy. Aspirin and dipyridamole were also applied for anticoagulant therapy. After medical treatment, body temperature of the child has reached normal level, eye symptoms alleviated, and mental condition gradually turned normal. Re-examination of the doppler echocardiographic indicated that the coronary aneurysm was aggravated, so warfarin was added for amplification of anticoagulation treatment. At present, 3 months of follow-up, the coronary artery dilatation gradually assuaged, and the condition is continued to alleviate.. Brucellosis can invade nervous system, coronary artery, and cornea. Brucellosis lacks specific signs for clinical diagnosis. The traditional agglutination test and the new mNGS are convenient and effective, which can provide the reference for clinical diagnosis.

Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anticoagulants; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Ceftriaxone; Child, Preschool; Coronary Aneurysm; Diagnostic Errors; Fever; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Meningoencephalitis; Rifampin; Sulfamethoxazole; Treatment Outcome; Zoonoses

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Drug Combinations; Drug Compounding; Drug Synergism; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Powders; Rhodococcus equi; Rifampin; THP-1 Cells; Toxicity Tests; Zoonoses

A teenage woman migrating from Syria arrived in May 2015 in Germany. She gave birth to a healthy child in early 2016, but became febrile shortly after delivery. Blood cultures revealed Brucella melitensis. In retrospect, she reported contact with sheep in Syria and recurrent pain in the hip joints over about five months before diagnosis of brucellosis. We discuss consequences for adequate treatment of mother and child as well as for clinical and laboratory management.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Doxycycline; Drug Combinations; Emigration and Immigration; Germany; Humans; Refugees; Rifampin; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Syria; Treatment Outcome; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucellosis; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endemic Diseases; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Retinal Hemorrhage; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Uveitis; Zoonoses

A 49-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fatigue, epistaxis and a skin rash. The whole blood count revealed isolated thrombocytopenia (4,000/mL), and the patient was admitted to the hematology department with a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia. He did not respond to steroid treatment for 15 days, and a subfebrile fever developed during this period. A diagnosis of acute brucellosis was considered due to positive serological tests and a blood culture positive for Brucella spp. After starting doxycycline and rifampicin therapy, the patient's thrombocyte count increased to 15,000/mL on the third day, to 41,000/mL on the sixth day and was normal on the 21st day of treatment. A diagnosis of brucellosis must be considered in patients presenting with severe and isolated thrombocytopenia in countries where brucellosis is endemic.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucellosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Count; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Rifampin; Thrombocytopenia; Turkey; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Fisheries; Gentamicins; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Lactococcus; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Vancomycin; Zoonoses

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucellosis; Cheese; Delayed Diagnosis; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Food Microbiology; Gentamicins; Humans; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Travel; Turkey; Zoonoses

Tularemia is a rare zoonosis. The most common way is ingestion of contaminated meat or water, but the infection may also be acquired by insect bite. The clinical picture of the disease may be nonspecific. Due to polymorphisms of clinical picture, specific treatment is often delayed. In the last 50 years, in Poland, the most infections were acquired by handling hares. In our article, we present the case of a patient who was infected with Francisella tularensis due to arthropod bite. In the presented case, the diagnosis was difficult, because of the nonspecific clinical picture. Information of the epidemiology and the clinical picture changes of tularemia may have great clinical significance. Tularemia requires the special attention of physicians. All patients with lymphadenopathy and arthropod bite history should be screened for tularemia in the outpatient department and, if necessary, treated in hospital.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Arthropod Vectors; Bites and Stings; Ceftriaxone; Fever; Francisella tularensis; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Poland; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Treatment Outcome; Tularemia; Zoonoses

A 43-year-old man visiting Texas from Hawaii sought care at our dermatology clinic for nonpruritic erythematous plaques on his chest, back, and extremities. The patient reported occasional numbness in his fingers and feet, but denied constitutional symptoms. The patient, who'd had these symptoms for a year, had been previously diagnosed with chronic urticaria and treated with oral antihistamines. He reported that the lesions were never particularly pruritic and he had not responded to previous treatments. An avid outdoorsman, our patient was born and raised in Texas and had been living in Hawaii. His past medical history was significant for severe hand eczema and when asked about medications he was taking, he listed cetirizine, doxepin, and hydroxyzine. On physical examination the patient had multiple pink to red, nonscaly to minimally scaly flat plaques on his forehead, chest, proximal upper extremities, lower back, and distal lower extremities. A 4-mm punch biopsy was taken from a lesion on his lower back and sent for histologic evaluation. The patient's erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rapid plasma reagin, and complete blood count were all within normal limits. What is your diagnosis? How would you treat this patient?

Topics: Adult; Animals; Armadillos; Biopsy; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Multibacillary; Male; Rifampin; Skin; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Aortic Valve; Brucellosis; Ceftriaxone; Doxycycline; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Rifampin; Zoonoses

Three native-born patients from the Mississippi Delta presented with leprosy over a 13-month period. None had a history of foreign travel, contact with each other, or known leprosy patients. Two patients' lesions lacked anesthesia, and all had a history of armadillo exposure. These cases add to the association of armadillo exposure and the subsequent development of leprosy.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Armadillos; Biopsy; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Reservoirs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endemic Diseases; Female; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Male; Mississippi; Mycobacterium leprae; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rifampin; Skin; Zoonoses

Topics: Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Animals; Brucellosis; Cysts; Doxycycline; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Zoonoses

There are increasing reports of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and colonization in horses and evidence that MRSA can be transmitted between horses and humans. The objective of this study was to investigate reports of skin infection in personnel working with a foal with community-associated MRSA colonization and subsequent infection. Clinical diagnostic specimens were collected from individuals reporting skin lesions following contact with the affected foal. Nasal and groin screening swabs were collected from other veterinary personnel that attended a voluntary screening clinic. MRSA skin infections were identified in three neonatal intensive care unit personnel. Nasal colonization was subsequently identified in 10/103 (9.7%) other veterinary hospital personnel. Isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, classified as Canadian epidemic MRSA-5, possessed SCCmecIV, were negative for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin and were multidrug resistant. Transmission to veterinary personnel despite short-term contact with standard protective barriers highlights the potential importance of MRSA as an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and indicates that further evaluation of interspecies transmission of MRSA and means to prevent zoonotic infection are required.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Community-Acquired Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Female; Fusidic Acid; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hospitals, Animal; Humans; Methicillin Resistance; Mupirocin; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome; Zoonoses

Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; DNA, Bacterial; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Male; Rifampin; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella; Brucellosis; DNA, Bacterial; Doxycycline; Humans; Mammals; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rifampin; Zoonoses

A 33-year-old Portugese worker presented with a one-week history of nonproductive cough and fever. A presumptive diagnosis "viral infection of the respiratory tract" was made. However, because of persisting cough and fever further investigations were necessary, and finally Brucella melitensis was isolated in blood cultures. Three months before admission to the hospital the man was dressing the carcasses of a goat in Portugal and consumpted fresh goats milk cheese. Antibiotic therapy with Rifampicin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol over 6 weeks improved the signs and symptoms of the infection.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Cough; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fever of Unknown Origin; Germany; Goats; Humans; Male; Portugal; Rifampin; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Zoonoses