rifampin and Thoracic-Diseases

The patient had received five courses of anti-tuberculosis treatment for recurrent tuberculosis. The drug sensitivity test results of the first three courses showed drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis, and the fourth diagnosis was rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type Ⅱ respiratory failure, pulmonary heart disease, and heart failure (grade Ⅲ). The patient stopped taking the anti-tuberculosis drugs on his own in the eighth month of receiving the resistant treatment. After admission, the symptoms improved temporarily after receiving oxygen therapy, anti-infection, and anti-tuberculosis treatment. Because of hemoptysis, the patient underwent arterial embolization by catheterization, but a large amount of hemoptysis occurred shortly thereafter. Emergency left total lung resection and gauze packing for hemostasis were performed. After surgery, the patient's vital signs were maintained with mechanical ventilation and vasopressors. Forty-eight hours after surgery, the gauze was removed, and the patient underwent tracheotomy, enteral nutrition, and anti-tuberculosis treatment. After discharge, the patient underwent rehabilitative exercise and anti-resistant tuberculosis therapy. The patient's condition remained stable for more than six months of follow-up.. 本例患者因肺结核经历5次抗结核治疗，前3次药物敏感试验均显示为非耐药肺结核，第4次诊断为利福平耐药结核病（rifampin-resistant tuberculosis，RR-TB），合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺源性心脏病及心功能不全（Ⅲ级），按照耐药结核病治疗方案8个月后患者自行停药。此次因咳喘、胸闷入院，经吸氧、抗感染、抗结核治疗后症状缓解，因咯血行经导管动脉栓塞术治疗，术后再发大咯血，急诊行胸膜外左全肺切除+胸腔纱布填塞止血术，术后呼吸机、血管活性药物维持生命体征，48 h后拔出纱布并气管切开、鼻饲营养、抗结核等治疗，出院后康复锻炼、口服耐药方案治疗，随访半年余病情平稳。.

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Hemoptysis; Humans; Lung; Rifampin; Thoracic Diseases; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

A 33-year-old woman with a history of right tuberculous pleuritis was successfully treated in December 1992 by administration of anti-tuberculous drugs, she demonstrated residual localized pleural thickening on chest computed tomography (CT) and gradually developed a subcutaneous mass in the right chest which became apparent in March 1993. In September, chest CT revealed a periocostal abscess in the right anterior chest wall close to the localized pleural thickening. The patient was diagnosed with tuberculous abscess in the right chest wall on confirmation of acid-fast bacilli in a needle aspiration material of the abscess, and was referred to our hospital. Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy was continued but the chest abscess grew, so on January 28, 1994 she underwent a resection of the abscess, the third costal cartilage and bone, and the parietal pleural lesion connected to the abscess. Histopathological examination showed that the abscess and parietal pleural lesion were compatible with tuberculosis, i.e. both lesions consisted of caseous necrosis and epitheloid cell granuloma, but acid-fast bacilli were not demonstrated in both lesions. After one year of postoperative anti-tuberculous chemotherapy, she was followed without any therapy for 3 years and there has been no recurrence to date. When a localized thickening pleural lesion remains after tuberculous pleuritis, complication of tuberculous abscess in the chest wall should be considered.

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Rifampin; Thoracic Diseases; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pleural

Primary tuberculosis of the chest wall is rare and its clinical presentation may resemble pyogenic abscess or tumour. The diagnosis is difficult, since smears or cultures of aspirate frequently fail to show tubercle bacilli. Seven cases of primary chest-wall tuberculosis treated between 1973 and 1992 are described. All presented with a progressively enlarging mass. The diagnosis was based on bacteriologic and histologic findings, but definitive diagnosis was obtained before treatment in only two cases. Satisfactory results were obtained with surgical debridement and specific chemotherapy in six cases and with chemotherapy alone in one case. From this limited experience, we suggest that primary chest-wall tuberculosis should initially be treated with a combination regimen of antituberculous chemotherapy, which should take more than 9 months. If the lesion progressively enlarges or secondary infection occurs, however, adequate surgical debridement is also required.

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antitubercular Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Diagnosis, Differential; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazinamide; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Suppuration; Thoracic Diseases; Thoracic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis

Thoracic actinomycosis is a rare infection but sensitive to penicillin G which is the antibiotic of choice. We report a case of thoracic actinomycosis which was characterised by a relapse, probably linked to antibiotic resistance following treatment with Tetracycline. This relapse presented as diffuse nodular dissemination, of miliary type, of which there are only a few examples in the literature.

Topics: Actinomycosis; Adult; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Radiography; Rifampin; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines; Thoracic Diseases; Time Factors