rifampin and Swine-Diseases

Brucella suis is an emerging, zoonotic disease predominantly affecting dogs and humans that engage in feral pig hunting in Australia and other countries. Although B. suis infection in dogs shares some clinical similarities to the host-adapted species (B. canis), B. suis remains an incompletely understood pathogen in dogs with limited published data on its pathogenesis and clinical features. This case series describes the presentations, diagnosis, and clinical management of B. suis infection in three dogs: (1) a bitch with dystocia, abortion and mastitis; (2) an entire male dog with septic arthritis and presumptive osteomyelitis; and (3) a castrated male dog with lymphadenitis. Unique features of these cases are reported including the first documented detection of B. suis from milk and isolation from lymph nodes of canine patients, as well as the follow-up of pups born to a B. suis-infected bitch. Consistent with previous reports, all three dogs showed a favourable clinical response to combination antibiotic therapy with rifampicin and doxycycline. Individually tailored drug regimens were required based on the clinical presentation and other factors, including owner expectations and compliance with therapy as well as a zoonotic risk assessment (generally considered low, except around time of whelping). The authors include their recommendations for the clinical management of dogs that are at-risk or seropositive for B. suis with or without clinical signs or laboratory-confirmed infection.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Animals, Wild; Brucella suis; Brucellosis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Rifampin; Sus scrofa; Swine; Swine Diseases

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the time required to isolate Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli from porcine faeces. This was done using previously described selective media (spectinomycin) S400, (colistin, vancomycin and spectinomycin) CVS and (spectinomycin, vancomycin, colistin, spiramycin and rifampin with swine faecal extract) BJ, compared with the method based on blood agar modified medium, with spectinomycin and rifampin (BAM-SR), including a pre-treatment step. Fourteen spirochaetal strains were obtained in pure cultures after 5 days (48 h in BAM-SR primary plate and three passages every 24 h in brain heart infusion (BHI) without antibiotics) pre-treating simulated samples in brain heart infusion broth with spectinomycin (400 microg/ml) and rifampin (15 microg/ml), before streaking on the selective BAM-SR medium. Spirochaetes from samples in S400, CVS and BJ, with and without pre-treatment, were obtained in pure cultures only after repeatedly transferring on plates of the same selective medium requiring 15-18 days according to the strain. BAM-SR used after the pre-treatment step showed a detection limit ranging from 3.5 x 10(2) to 6.7 x 10(7) cells/g faeces and was the only method able to support the growth of spirochaetes after 48 h.

Topics: Animals; Colony Count, Microbial; Culture Media; Dysentery; Feces; Rifampin; Spectinomycin; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetales Infections; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors

Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae was isolated from 10 of 11 pigs with clinically suspected swine dysentery in six herds in northern Italy. All strains were successfully isolated in the selective blood agar modified medium with spectinomycin and rifampin (BAM-SR) currently used in our laboratory to isolate B. (S.) pilosicoli of human origin, after pre-treatment of intestinal material with spectinomycin and rifampin in foetal calf serum. Isolates had phenotypic characteristics typical of B. (S.) hyodysenteriae.

Topics: Animals; Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; Culture Media; Dysentery; Italy; Phenotype; Rifampin; Spectinomycin; Spirochaetales Infections; Swine; Swine Diseases