rifampin and Pyelonephritis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteriuria; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Cycloserine; Cystitis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Kanamycin; Methenamine; Methods; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Prostatitis; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections

We present an interesting case of Legionnaires' disease masquerading as acute pyelonephritis, with complete absence of respiratory symptoms on admission. A 45-year-old man was diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease 2 days after presenting to hospital with dysuria and right loin pain. He became critically unwell during the hospital admission, with headache, uncontrolled fever, breathlessness, decreasing oxygen saturations and increasing oxygen requirements. A CT pulmonary angiography demonstrated right upper lobar consolidation and Legionella urinary antigen was positive. He was treated with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin and made a full recovery.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Ciprofloxacin; Community-Acquired Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysuria; Flank Pain; Humans; Legionnaires' Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin

The in vitro bactericidal interaction of trovafloxacin and rifampin against Enterococcus spp. has indicated that antagonism occurs between these two antimicrobial agents. This drug combination was examined in vivo in rats with experimental pyelonephritis. The rats received trovafloxacin, rifampin, or both drugs. On the basis of the mean log10 CFU of Enterococcus faecalis from the kidneys, there was no evidence that trovafloxacin and rifampin were antagonistic in vivo.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Naphthyridines; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rifampin

From our data urinary tuberculosis, clearly reduced as regards past decennia, now results constant in annual number of cases. The reduced frequency sometimes requires some problems of differential diagnosis. After a few considerations about anatomo-pathologic aspects, we examine the diagnostic procedures starting from that urinary tuberculosis has not pathognomic clinical signs, except identification of M. tuberculosis in urine. The medical treatment consists in administering three drugs (rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol) for 3 months and then two drugs for 6-9 months, on the ground of clinical course. Surgical treatment can be divided in destroying and preserving surgery. At last, endoscopic treatment takes aim at dilating ureteral stenoses.

Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Italy; Male; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Urogenital; Ureteral Calculi; Ureteral Obstruction; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

The activities of ampicillin, rifampin, streptomycin, and their combinations were evaluated in vitro against Streptococcus faecalis strain GK and in vivo in rats with an established pyelonephritis resulting from challenge with this same enterococcus. In vitro synergy was demonstrated between all combinations. Comparison of the log colony-forming units of S. faecalis recovered per gram of kidney tissue showed that all treated groups had significant lower numbers than controls (P less than 0.001). Ampicillin plus streptomycin or ampicillin alone was superior to rifampin alone or rifampin plus streptomycin at each interval (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between ampicillin and rifampin plus ampicillin. The disparity between in vitro and in vivo results again raises some doubts as to the relevance of in vitro observations to clinical outcome.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Ampicillin; Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterococcus faecalis; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rifampin; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin

The author discusses the conditions which an experimental pyelonephritis must fulfill to provide therapeutic results which will allow the assessment of new therapeutic agents. He subjects the chosen model to the therapeutic effect of four antibiotics and three antimicrobial drugs. A numeric value is given to the bacteriuria recession slope observed during the experiment. A comparison of the results being obtained with the bacteriological and pharmacological data normally evaluated, the author demonstrates the value of the present study. The analysis of the results collected during the tests shows that comparison between antibiotics are of greater value when they are of the same family. Nevertheless, the experimental pattern, when applied to antibiotics as different as kanamycine and cephalosporins, give a very good correlation particularly when the overstepping coefficient, as proposed by Canetti, is calculated on the results expressed as free products.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefazolin; Cephaloridine; Cephalothin; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Nalidixic Acid; Nitroquinolines; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Rifampin; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Urine

Report on a 24 years old first pregnant woman with chronic pyelonephritis, treated for 1 1/2 years, also during pregnancy, with high doses of rifampicin (1200 mgs/day). After normal delivery in the 42 th. week of pregnancy there were bleedings both in mother and newborn with demonstrable temporary disturbances in liver-function and coagulation system. Especially the coagulation factors produced in the liver were concerned. The complications after rifampicin carried out the conclusion that rifampicin should be given in pregnancy only with exact indication.

Topics: Blood Coagulation Disorders; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bile; Cholecystitis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Klebsiella; Male; Middle Aged; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Liver; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bacteriuria; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cephaloridine; Depression, Chemical; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Kidney; Organ Size; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Rifampin

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatitis; Pyelitis; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Semen; Urinary Tract Infections