rifampin and Kidney-Diseases

The purpose of this article is to review the potential role of nuclear medicine scanning, especially with 67Ga, in the presumptive diagnosis and clinical management of patients with renal parenchymal malacoplakia (RPMP), a rare disease associated with coliform bacterial infection of the kidney and characterized by chronic unresolving inflammatory infiltrates containing von Hansemann macrophages in the renal parenchyma.. Published cases of RPMP were collected from the archival literature by searching the MEDLINE database and by reviewing bibliographic references contained in articles on malacoplakia. Data on the clinical features and radiographic evaluation of patients with RPMP were extracted from the clinical case reports.. Forty-three cases of RPMP published over the past 20 yr were identified. Ten of the 43 patients (23%) had 67Ga scanning as a component of their diagnostic evaluation. In all 10 patients, renal uptake of 67Ga was classified as intense. Two of those 10 patients had serial 67Ga scanning performed to assess response to antibiotic treatment; both patients exhibited decreased uptake or complete resolution of abnormal renal uptake over time, a finding also exhibited by our patient.. Intense renal uptake of 67Ga, typically in the clinical setting of fever, progressive renal failure and nephromegaly, strongly supports a diagnosis of RPMP. In those patients receiving prolonged antimicrobial therapy for RPMP, resolution of abnormal 67Ga uptake over time may provide an objective endpoint for treatment.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Ciprofloxacin; Citrates; Female; Gallium; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Malacoplakia; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rifampin

Topics: Animals; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies; Captopril; Drug Hypersensitivity; Environmental Exposure; Glomerulonephritis; Gold; Heroin; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immune Complex Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Glomerulus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercury; Nephritis, Interstitial; Penicillamine; Penicillins; Rifampin

Topics: Allopurinol; Aminoglycosides; Analgesics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Captopril; Cephalosporins; Cisplatin; Diuretics; Glomerulonephritis; Gold; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute; Lithium; Nephritis, Interstitial; Penicillamine; Penicillins; Rifampin; Semustine; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethadione

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Kidney Diseases; Lincomycin; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurans; Oxolinic Acid; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Rifampin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim; Vancomycin

Topics: Area Under Curve; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Biomarkers; Drug Interactions; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; Midazolam; Rifampin

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance, Microbial; England; Ethambutol; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Hypokalemia; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Labyrinth Diseases; Magnesium; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Vision Disorders; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Aged; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Berlin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cycloserine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethambutol; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Hypokalemia; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Tetracycline; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Urea; Vision Disorders

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Ethambutol; Female; Finland; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumothorax; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vision Disorders

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eosinophilia; Ethambutol; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uric Acid; Vision Disorders

This study was conducted to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of Glycine max seed extract (soybean oil) against gentamicin- and rifampicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats and to compare its effects with those of vitamin E, which has well-established antioxidant and nephroprotective effects. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 150-210 g) were divided into 10 groups. The first five groups were treated for 14 consecutive days with normal saline (5 ml/kg, by mouth [p.o.]); gentamicin (80 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]); gentamicin (80 mg/kg, i.p.) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg p.o.); gentamicin (80 mg/kg i.p.) + soybean oil (2.5 ml/kg p.o.); and gentamicin (80 mg/kg, i.p.) + soybean oil (5 ml/kg p.o.), respectively. For the next five groups, the same group allocation was done, but gentamicin was replaced with rifampicin (1 g/kg i.p.). Various biomarkers for nephrotoxicity in serum and urine were evaluated along with histopathological examination of kidneys. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done following Tukey's multiple comparison test; p < .05 was considered significant. Soybean oil in both doses significantly (p < .005) decreased serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urea, uric acid and urine volume, kidney weight, urinary sodium, urinary potassium, and total protein and significantly (p < .005) increased serum total protein and urine creatinine in gentamicin- and rifampicin-treated animals, exhibiting nephroprotective effects. Soybean oil also showed strong antioxidant effects, causing significant (p < .005) increase in kidney homogenate catalases, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and significant (p < .005) decrease in lipid peroxidase in gentamicin- and rifampicin-treated animals. Soybean oil demonstrated good nephroprotective activity due to antioxidant effects.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Gentamicins; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rifampin; Soybean Oil; Vitamin E

Renal transplant candidates (RTC) with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at significant risk for tuberculosis reactivation. Twelve-week rifapentine (RPT)/isoniazid (INH) is effective for LTBI but clinical experience in RTC is scarce.. We conducted a retrospective study of RTC with LTBI treated with either 12-week RPT/INH or 9-month INH from March 1, 2012, through February 28, 2014. We evaluated both groups for differences in rates of treatment completion, monthly follow-up visit compliance, transaminase elevations, and adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of LTBI treatment. The utility of weekly reminders was also evaluated in the 12-week regimen. Direct observed therapy was not performed in our study.. Of 153 patients, 43 (28%) and 110 (72%) were started on 12-week RPT/INH and 9-month INH, respectively. The treatment completion and monthly follow-up visit compliance rates were higher in the 12-week RPT/INH group (40 [93%] vs 52 [47%], P < 0.001) and (11/40 [28%] vs 13/104 [13%], P = 0.03), respectively. Transaminase elevations were not observed in the RPT/INH group, but occurred in 6 (5%) of the INH group. There were no differences in adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of LTBI treatment.. Twelve-week RPT/INH appears to be an excellent choice for LTBI in RTC. It has a higher treatment completion rate and causes less transaminase elevations, and weekly reminders may be an alternative when direct observed therapy is not feasible.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Biomarkers; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Choice Behavior; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Latent Tuberculosis; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Reminder Systems; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Time Factors; Transaminases; Treatment Outcome; Treatment Refusal; Up-Regulation; Waiting Lists

To explore the effect of renal replacement therapy (RRT) on the plasma drug concentration of first-line antituberculosis drugs.. Thirty patients treated with continuous RRT and who were complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis from 2009 September to 2013 September were enrolled in the study. There were 19 males and 11 females, aged 18-75 years. They received RRT 3 times a week, 4 h each. The patients took isoniazid 300 mg and rifampin 450 mg one time every day, and pyrazinamide 40 mg · kg(-1) · d (-1) one time 24 h before RRT, 3 times every week. The plasma concentration of the drugs were monitored before and after each RRT for 4 weeks.. Taken before RRT, the plasma concentration of isoniazid before RRP was (1.62 ± 0.44), (1.67 ± 0.38), (1.63 ± 0.41), (1.48 ± 0.38) mg/L respectively for 1-4 weeks; while that after RRT was (0.57 ± 0.22), (0.60 ± 0.24), (0.56 ± 0.20), (0.56 ± 0.15) mg/L (all P < 0.05). Taken before RRT, the plasma concentration of pyrazinamide before RRT was (16.08 ± 4.95), (16.32 ± 5.73), (14.89 ± 4.53), (13.81 ± 5.83) mg/L respectively for 1-4 weeks, while that after RRT was (3.73 ± 1.57), (3.57 ± 1.53), (3.22 ± 1.00), (2.81 ± 1.34) mg/L (all P < 0.05). Taken after RRT at once, the plasma concentration of pyrazinamide before RRT was (15.57 ± 3.47), (14.10 ± 2.27), (14.73 ± 2.36), (15.9 ± 3.02) mg/L respectively for 1-4 weeks, while that after RRT was (2.45 ± 1.14), (2.19 ± 1.07), (1.87 ± 1.52), (2.33 ± 1.30)mg/L. Taken before RRT, the plasma concentration of rifampin was (3.44 ± 1.17), (3.72 ± 1.24), (3.68 ± 1.16), (3.44 ± 1.22) mg/L respectively for 1-4 weeks (all P < 0.05), while that after RRT was (2.96 ± 1.10), (3.28 ± 1.04), (3.17 ± 1.02), (2.96 ± 1.05) mg/L (all P > 0.05).. Continuous RRT has different effects on the plasma drug concentration of isoniazid and pyrazinamide. It almost has no effect on rifampin. To achieve the best plasma concentration and better anti-tuberculosis results, isoniazid and pyrazinamide should be taken after RRT, but rifampin before RRT.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazinamide; Renal Replacement Therapy; Rifampin; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Young Adult

Involvement of the renal parenchyma in the acute phase of brucellosis is very rare. Only two cases of renal brucelloma have been reported in the English language literature to date. We report a case of renal abscess caused by Brucella in the acute phase. A 45-year-old Chinese man presented with a high fever, urine occult blood, and a low density lesion in the right kidney. Ultrasound-guided aspiration was done. Brucella melitensis was isolated from both blood and puncture fluid culture. Minocycline combined with moxifloxacin was prescribed for 4 months. The infection relapsed at 6 months after discontinuation. Minocycline combined with rifampin was administered for another 2 months. The brucellosis had not relapsed at more than 20 months later. It is possible to cure renal brucelloma with antibiotics and ultrasound-guided aspiration. Treatment should not be discontinued until the abscess has disappeared and two consecutive blood cultures taken 1 month apart are negative.

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Moxifloxacin; Rifampin

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucellosis; Cefuroxime; Child; Doxycycline; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Joint Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Lyme Disease; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Pain; Rifampin

We describe clinical and pathological features of kidney and skin involvement in a patient with hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with dapsone. Although visceral damage occurs rarely, similar skin and kidney histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings indicate that this organ is a target for type IV cell-mediated dapsone reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of renal hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with dapsone.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Clofazimine; Cyclophosphamide; Dapsone; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Methylprednisolone; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous

A 43-year-old Albanian man is presented who underwent nephrectomy for a huge right spontaneous perirenal hematoma. The diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa as the etiology of the hematoma has been made only by histological examination, because of the quick and unforeseeable onset of this complication and the nonspecificity of symptoms. We hypothesize a relationship between reactivation of polyarteritis nodosa and treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid.

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Hematoma; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Isoniazid; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nephrectomy; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Rifampin

To report an interaction between tacrolimus and rifampin with subsequent adverse effects on renal allograft function.. A 61-year-old Chinese man received a cadaveric renal transplant in 1991. Progressive deterioration of allograft function developed during the following six years while the patient was receiving cyclosporine and prednisolone. In January 1998, tacrolimus was substituted for cyclosporine for late biopsy-proven graft rejection, with target trough blood concentrations between 5 and 8 ng/mL. After conversion, serum creatinine fell to 2.0 mg/dL; the nadir was reached within one year. At the same time, rifampin was instituted for controlling tuberculosis and empiric fluconazole was discontinued. Twelve days later, the patient's serum creatinine concentration rose to 2.9 mg/dL and tacrolimus concentration fell to 1.5 ng/mL, along with oliguria. These findings suggested acute rejection, which was successfully reversed by steroid therapy. However, more than a tenfold increase in the tacrolimus dosage was required to maintain the same concentrations during subsequent months, accompanied by an increase in serum creatinine (from 2.0 to 2.6 mg/dL) and decrease in urine excretion. Biopsy at this time demonstrated acute rejection (Banff I), chronic allograft nephropathy (Banff II), and suspected tacrolimus nephrotoxicity. After unsuccessful methylprednisolone recycling, mycophenolate mofetil was introduced to control rejection and facilitate reduction of the tacrolimus dosage to minimize its nephrotoxicity.. As a potent CYP3A4 isoenzyme inducer, rifampin coadministration caused the abrupt decrease in tacroiimus blood concentrations, leading to an approximate tenfold increase in its daily dose, which may be important to subsequent allograft dysfunctions.

Topics: Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Drug Interactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Tacrolimus; Time Factors

The usefulness of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) for the analysis of adverse reactions to antituberculous drugs was evaluated. - The LTT was performed with isoniazid and rifampicin in 15 tuberculosis and 2 MOTT (Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis)-infection patients who suffered drug reactions, in 23 patients without any adverse reactions, in 7 controls previously exposed to antituberculous drugs, and in 14 controls who had never been exposed. 4/15 of the hepatotoxic reactions only showed a positive LTT with rifampicin, 3/15 only with isoniazid, and in 8/15 the LTT was negative. In an anaphylactoid shock reaction the LTT was extremely exaggerated for both rifampicin and isoniazid. In patients without any side effects only one slightly increased LTT due to isoniazid was observed. Two healthy controls with previous contact to these drugs showed a positive LTT for isoniazid, one of those with both rifampicin and isoniazid. The LTT was negative in all control persons without any former contact to antituberculous medications. In most cases hepatotoxicity seems to be a pure toxic reaction without the participation of cellular immune mechanisms. LTT can be useful for identifying the drug responsible for immunological side effects.

Topics: Adult; Anaphylaxis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cells, Cultured; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; DNA Replication; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium kansasii; Nervous System Diseases; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

A 50-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis developed immune hemolytic anemia and renal failure while receiving rifampicin for the treatment of refractory pruritus. Serological studies revealed the presence of rifampicin-dependent antibodies of the IgM class that, when tested against a wide panel of erythrocytes, had anti-I specificity. Subsequently, rifampicin was withdrawn and prednisone treatment instituted, this resulting in a rapid resolution of the hemolysis, whereas hemodialysis was required for recovery of the renal function. A role is suggested for the anti-I specificity of the antibodies in the development of renal failure associated with rifampicin therapy.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antibodies; Coombs Test; Female; Hemagglutination; Humans; I Blood-Group System; Immunoglobulin M; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Rifampin

Topics: Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Leprosy; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin

Topics: Age Factors; Aminosalicylic Acid; Antitubercular Agents; Biological Availability; Dosage Forms; Drug Interactions; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Rifampin; Streptomycin

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Glucosidases; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Biotransformation; CD13 Antigens; Creatinine; Cyclosporins; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Kidney Diseases; Male; Rats; Rifampin

Topics: Humans; Kidney Diseases; Rifampin

Author debates the advantages of home treatment of tuberculosis and the question limits. These limits are essentially represented by a low compliance in many patients. At our Institute, we put in practice an home therapy trial of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Our treatment programme includes short-course chemotherapy (six or eight months of therapy) with rifampin, isoniazid and ethambutol associated or, instead of ethambutol, with morphazynamide. In 1982, 674 patients were treated according to this schedule. Previously we made a controlled clinical trial comparing home and hospital treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in 50 patients newly diagnosed. The results of this study showed that both groups of patients entirely recovered at the same time. At last, Author points out that today politicians poorly know the importance of a therapeutic home programme.

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Ambulatory Care; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Pyrazines; Rifampin; Socioeconomic Factors; Tuberculosis

The pharmacology of ketoconazole was studied in patients with fungal infections. After administration of 50-, 100-, and 200-mg doses of ketoconazole, there was a linear increase in the area under the curve of serum concentrations; this was not apparent when higher doses of ketoconazole were given. An increase in the area under the curve occurred in patients receiving 200 mg daily who were restudied after 1 to 12 months of therapy. However, normalized area under the curve appeared to decrease after higher doses were administered chronically. The half life ranged from 2.0 to 3.3 h. Peak serum concentrations up to 50 micrograms/ml were detected in this study, and potentially therapeutic concentrations were detectable up to 26 h after high doses. Ketoconazole penetrated the saliva and inflamed joint fluid and meninges, although variably, and could be demonstrated in some other tissue compartments. In the presence of renal failure, ketoconazole disposition was not altered, whereas in the presence of hepatic insufficiency, an alteration in disposition was suggested. The interactions of ketoconazole and other drugs were studied. Of note, antacids did not significantly affect ketoconazole pharmacokinetics (nor did meals), and ketoconazole and warfarin did not appear to affect the pharmacokinetics of the other.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antacids; Antifungal Agents; Child; Drug Interactions; Humans; Imidazoles; Ketoconazole; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Liver Diseases; Male; Piperazines; Rifampin; Saliva; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Evaluation; Ethambutol; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Optic Neuritis; Rifampin; Risk; Streptomycin; Tuberculosis

A case of renal infection with Mycobacterium chelonei is described. The infection probably occurred via haematogenous spread from an infected arteriovenous shunt in a uraemic woman. Prolonged treatment with intravenous cefoxitin combined with oral erythromycin and rifampicin eradicated the organism from the urine. Although renal function stabilised for one year, gradual deterioration to end-stage renal failure occurred.

Topics: Adult; Cefoxitin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Rifampin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Rifampin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Amphotericin B; Clotrimazole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flucytosine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Meningitis; Miconazole; Mycoses; Rifampin; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antifungal Agents; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Fosfomycin; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Penicillins; Peptides; Rifampin; Tetracyclines

The problem in the treatment of genitourinary tuberculosis was to find a new regimen of chemotherapy that was shorter in time but equally effective as the traditional 2-year method, using streptomycin, isoniazid and para-aminoslicylate. A short course of treatment using rifampin, isoniazid and ethambutol was then devised, the method depending on the severity of the disease using the Semb classification. This short course of chemotherapy was combined with an early operation in advanced or extensive disease in the urinary tract. The regimen is as satisfactory as the traditional method and a followup of 2 years is all that is necessary.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Calcinosis; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Urogenital

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin

In the past year 20 new cases of genitourinary tuberculosis were referred for treatment at Wrightington Hospital. Many of these patients had waited a long time between diagnosis and referral and the start of effective treatment. We suggest that a new short course of chemotherapy should be used, and surgery undertaken during the first three months of treatment, but after the patient has had at least four weeks' drug treatment. After chemotherapy follow-up may be reduced to two years. Genitourinary tuberculosis remains a serious disease and should be managed by a urologist.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcinosis; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Urogenital

The recent increased use of steriods, immunosuppressive agents and cytotoxic drugs has been associated with a rise in the incidence of significant fungal disease. The first case of bilateral renal aspergillosis without disseminated involvement is reported. A multitherapeutic approach, including surgical evacuation of masses of hyphae, parenteral antimycotic chemotherapy and topical instillations of amphotericin B, were necessary to clear the kidneys. Newer systemic agents such as 5-fluorocytosine and rifampicin were also used. Treatment of fungal infections of the urinary tract is discussed.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Aspergillosis; Drug Synergism; Flucytosine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Rifampin; Therapeutic Irrigation

Topics: Capreomycin; Cells, Cultured; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cycloserine; Depression; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Isoniazid; Kanamycin; Kidney Diseases; Optic Neuritis; Patient Education as Topic; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Cephalothin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules; Nephritis; Nephritis, Interstitial; Penicillins; Polyenes; Polymyxins; Rifampin

Topics: Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Fever; Headache; Humans; Isoniazid; Kidney Diseases; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Anuria; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hypothermia; Jaundice; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Necrosis; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Administration, Oral; Chronic Disease; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Rifampin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin

Topics: Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Rifampin