rifampin and Keratoconjunctivitis

Tuberculosis is a common cause of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, especially for patients who live in a high endemic area of tuberculosis. We report a rare case of pediatric phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis associated with primary sinonasal tuberculosis.. A 7-year-old boy presented with a 5-month history of redness of the left eye accompanied by mild visual impairment. Physical examination revealed elevated pinkish-white nodules with a circumcorneal hypervascularized lesion on the left conjunctiva.. Computed tomography revealed an enhancing soft tissue mass in the left maxillary sinus with bone destruction. Histopathology of maxillary tissue showed chronic inflammation without granuloma. Special stain, culture and polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium were initially negative. Left maxillary sinus tuberculosis was diagnosed by positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded maxillary tissue.. Two month of oral isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by 10 months of oral isoniazid and rifampicin without topical eye drops agent were prescribed.. Two months after initiation of treatment, the phlyctenular lesion had significantly improved. A follow-up computed tomography showed a significant reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus lesion and the extent of adjacent bone destruction.. Primary sinonasal tuberculosis is an uncommon cause of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in children. When microbiological and histopathological evidences are absent, polymerase chain reaction analysis has a crucial role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in patient with uncommon presentation.

Topics: Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Orbit; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Rifampin; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis

A double-blind stratified trial was carried out on 85 patients to assess the efficacy of topical therapy with 1% chlortetracycline eye ointment in comparison with 1% rifampicin eye ointment in the treatment of chlamydial ocular infection of sexually transmitted origin (paratrachoma). Patients included were selected on the basis of positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis. A 6-week course of treatment with chlortetracycline or rifampicin 3 times daily gave a clinical cure rate of 80% and 75% and a microbiological cure rate of 93% and 86% respectively. In patients who were not cured the intensity of inflammatory responses was considerably reduced.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Chlortetracycline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Rifampin; Trachoma

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Blood Sedimentation; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Keratoconjunctivitis; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Ocular

Topics: Animals; Cornea; Disease Models, Animal; Dysentery, Bacillary; Epithelial Cells; Escherichia coli; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intramuscular; Kanamycin; Keratoconjunctivitis; Ophthalmic Solutions; Rifampin; Shigella; Shigella flexneri; Streptomycin; Tetracycline