rifampin and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis; Rifampin; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae

Neural tube defects are the second most common congenital malformation in humans. Despite significant decreases in neural tube defects and related mortality and morbidity with recent developments, infections remain an important problem. Research on the role of topical therapy for managing neural tube defects and associated infections in the neonatal period has been limited. This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the efficiency of topical Rifampin on infection control in paraplegic newborns with open neural tube defects.. Thirty-seven patients who underwent an operation for neural tube defects were included. Topical Rifampin and cefotaxime were administered to 19 patients constituting the case group and local saline and cefotaxime were administered to a control group. Patients were examined for ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection/dysfunction, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and sepsis.. None of the patients using topical rifampin had ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection/dysfunction, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, or sepsis. In the control group, ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection/dysfunction was found in 4 (22.2%) cases, surgical site infection in 3 (27.7%), urinary tract infection in 3 (27.7%), and sepsis in 5 (27.7%), with statistically significant differences between the groups (. Topical Rifampin is effective in minimizing complications like sepsis, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection due to neural tube defect operations. Further research with larger numbers of cases is needed to implement this practice routinely.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catheter-Related Infections; Cefotaxime; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Male; Neural Tube Defects; Paraplegia; Rifampin; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

The P450 enzyme CYP24A1 is the principal inactivator of vitamin D metabolites. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in CYP24A1 are associated with elevated serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with consequent hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria and represent the most common form of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH). Current management strategies for this condition include a low-calcium diet, reduced dietary vitamin D intake, and limited sunlight exposure. CYP3A4 is a P450 enzyme that inactivates many drugs and xenobiotics and may represent an alternative pathway for inactivation of vitamin D metabolites.. Our goal was to determine if rifampin, a potent inducer of CYP3A4, can normalize mineral metabolism in patients with IIH due to mutations in CYP24A1.. We treated two patients with IIH with daily rifampin (10 mg/kg/d, up to a maximum of 600 mg). Serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), liver, and adrenal function and vitamin D metabolites, as well as urinary calcium excretion, were monitored during treatment of up to 13 months.. Prior to treatment, both patients had hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis with elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and suppressed serum PTH. Daily treatment with rifampin was well tolerated and led to normalization or improvement in all clinical and biochemical parameters.. These observations suggest that rifampin-induced overexpression of CYP3A4 provides an alternative pathway for inactivation of vitamin D metabolites in patients who lack CYP24A1 function.

Topics: Adolescent; Calcitriol; Calcium; Child; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypercalciuria; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Mutation; Nephrocalcinosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Rifampin; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase

A nursery nurse that was working in the neonatology service had been diagnosed with tuberculosis. As a consequence, the newborn infants were in danger of a possible contamination during a 4-month period.. One hundred and thirty kids that had been in touch with the nurse were given attention. Prophylactic treatment for three months with isoniazid and rifampicin has been proposed to all families. Each of them was screened with a tuberculin sensitivity test and was given chest radiography initially and after three months.. None of the children was initially suspected for tuberculosis. Among the chest radiographies, 97.6% were normal and all the intradermal tuberculin were either negative or in the norm following a vaccination by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. In most cases, the treatment tolerance was high.. A 4-year-long surveillance ensured that no infant was infected. This procedure has established that the risk of transmission by a nurse is low, should it be for newborn babies, as long as guidelines are strictly adhered to.

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Isoniazid; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Rifampin; Risk Assessment; Tuberculosis

Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Coagulase; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection

All of 16 infants with neonatal meningitis treated during a 30-month period were found to have accompanying ventriculitis at the time of the initial ventricular puncture. Fifteen of these infants were caused by gramm-negative organisms. All infants received antibiotics systemically and intraventricularly via an implanted ventriculostomy reservoir or by direct ventricular injection. Antibiotic concentrations within the ventricular fluid were monitored during chemotherapy; the complications encountered during treatment are discussed. Fifteen infants survived the infection; of these, seven infants were normal at follow-up examinations. In our experience intraventricular chemotherapy as an adjunct to systemic administration of antibiotics has greatly reduced the mortality rate in neonatal meningitis.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cerebral Ventricles; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Flavobacterium; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Meningitis; Rifampin

Report on a 24 years old first pregnant woman with chronic pyelonephritis, treated for 1 1/2 years, also during pregnancy, with high doses of rifampicin (1200 mgs/day). After normal delivery in the 42 th. week of pregnancy there were bleedings both in mother and newborn with demonstrable temporary disturbances in liver-function and coagulation system. Especially the coagulation factors produced in the liver were concerned. The complications after rifampicin carried out the conclusion that rifampicin should be given in pregnancy only with exact indication.

Topics: Blood Coagulation Disorders; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Rifampin

Topics: Child, Preschool; Enteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Pediatrics; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Rifampin; Urinary Tract Infections