rifampin and Hypesthesia

The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy & safety profile of three different antituberculous regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis. The study sample size included 90 newly diagnosed, sputum positive patients of pulmonary. tuberculosis. 30 each from different groups. The parameters studied were, therapeutic efficacy included weight gain, cough, sputum examination and safety profile: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastritis, hepatitis, jaundice diarrhoea, rashes, dizziness, tingling & numbness, flu like symptoms & joint aches. Group-I showed statistically significant weight gain when compared to Group-II. Improvement in cough and conversion to smear negative were seen in 100% of patients in Group-I, 83.3% of patients in Group-II and 93.3% of patients in Group-III. Therapeutic efficacy was highest with Group I regimen, followed by Group III and Group II which was least efficacious. Group II also registered; the maximum cost and highest incidence of adverse effects.

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Dizziness; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastritis; Humans; Hypesthesia; Isoniazid; Male; Nausea; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adult; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hand; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Hypesthesia; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Tuberculoid; Rifampin

Hansen Disease (leprosy) is an infectious disease that targets macrophages and Schwann cells, caused by the acid fast intracellular organism, Mycobacterium leprae. Clinically, it presents with a spectrum of findings that may include hypopigmented macules, erythematous plaques and nodules, and thickened or tender peripheral nerves. The most feared complication is mutilating damage to facial structures or digits resulting from loss of sensation in affected skin. In non-endemic areas, the diagnosis of leprosy is frequently delayed because it may mimic other more common skin conditions. We present a case of borderline/lepromatous leprosy in an otherwise healthy young Brazilian man that was initially diagnosed as tinea versicolor, but did not respond to appropriate treatment. This case highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion for leprosy in patients from endemic areas who present with lesions that could be consistent with this disease.

Topics: Clofazimine; Contraindications; Dapsone; Delayed Diagnosis; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Hypesthesia; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Borderline; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Male; Minocycline; Mycobacterium leprae; Rifampin; Tinea Versicolor; Young Adult

We report the first known Australian case of probable neurobrucellosis, in a young feral-pig shooter who presented with episodic left-sided visual loss and left-sided numbness and headache. Treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone and oral rifampicin, doxycycline and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole resulted in a good clinical response.

Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Australia; Brucella; Brucellosis; Ceftriaxone; Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Headache; Humans; Hypesthesia; Male; Rifampin; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vision Disorders

Topics: Brazil; Dapsone; Delayed Diagnosis; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hypesthesia; Immunity, Cellular; Leprosy, Tuberculoid; Occupational Exposure; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rifampin; Spain

Antituberculous treatment is effective but has numerous side effects. Among these isoniazid induced neuropathy is easily preventable.. A female patient of 42 years, infected with HIV, presented with general deterioration associated with an interstitial pulmonary infiltrate and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Tuberculosis was not confirmed bacteriologically but she responded to antituberculous treatment. Three months later she developed distal leg pains extending proximally. There was superficial sensory impairment up to the groins and loss of the ankle reflexes. The dose of isoniazid was reduced from 5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day on account of slow acetylator status and treatment with pyridoxine 250 mg/day commenced. The clinical signs resolved in a few weeks.. Isoniazid neuropathy develops in the presence of risk factors (HIV, alcoholism, diabetes, renal failure, malnutrition, pregnancy and lactation, neurotoxic medication) and manifests itself initially by burning feet. Pyridoxine is preventative in low dosage and curative in high dosage. The development of symptoms should lead to measurement of acetylator status, and a reduction of the isoniazid dose to 3 mg/kg/day or even less in slow acetylators.

Topics: Acetylation; Achilles Tendon; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antitubercular Agents; Ethambutol; Female; Guinea; Hepatitis B, Chronic; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypesthesia; Inactivation, Metabolic; Isoniazid; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Reflex, Abnormal; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency

Topics: Aged; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Exanthema; Humans; Hypesthesia; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Male; Rifampin; Spain; Venezuela

Perforating ulcers of the foot occurring in leprosy are frequent, chronic, often giving mutilations. They usually affect the adult. Plantar ulcer occurred in a 15 year-old young patient affected by tuberculoid leprosy has incited us to report it.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Diseases; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Foot; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Foot Ulcer; Hand Deformities, Acquired; Humans; Hypesthesia; Leprosy, Tuberculoid; Rifampin