rifampin and Hypersensitivity

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; BCG Vaccine; Child, Preschool; China; Cycloserine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethionamide; Health Education; Hong Kong; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Isoniazid; Pyrazinamide; Racial Groups; Research; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Case-Control Studies; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy; Ofloxacin; Rifampin

To evaluate the outcomes of anti-tuberculosis drug desensitization.. This was a retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age >18years, documented tuberculosis infection, a previous cutaneous allergic reaction to anti-tuberculosis drugs, and having undergone drug desensitization between January 2003 and March 2014. The definition of allergic reaction to anti-tuberculosis drugs included (1) a temporal relationship between drug use and the allergic reaction; (2) improvement in the allergic reaction after drug withdrawal; (3) recurrence of the allergic reaction after reintroduction of only the offending drug; and (4) absence of other causes.. A total of 19 desensitization procedures were performed. The drugs used for these procedures were isoniazid (n=7), rifampicin (n=6), or ethambutol (n=6). Of note, severe allergic reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome (n=4), erythema multiforme (n=3), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic syndrome (n=1)) were included. All patients underwent resolution of the previous allergic reactions before desensitization. The median duration of desensitization was 18 days. The success rate was 78.9%. The allergic reactions following failed desensitization were not severe; most were maculopapular rashes.. The desensitization protocol for anti-tuberculosis drugs was associated with a high success rate, and the individuals who failed desensitization experienced mild allergic reactions.

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Desensitization, Immunologic; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin

To construct a conditional N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase (WecA) knockdown strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis and to investigate the biological effect of WecA on mycobacterial growth, morphology and susceptibilities against anti-tuberculosis drugs.. Mycobacterium smegmatis wecA knockdown strain was constructed by using a tetracycline-inducible expression vector pMind and the expression of WecA was regulated by antisense RNA. The results of growth curves and the colony formation unit curves showed that the growth rate of WecA down-regulation strain was decreased and the amount of live bacterial cells dropped. In addition, the wecA knockdown strain exhibited dramatically morphological alterations through scanning electron microscopy observation. The susceptibility of WecA low-expression strain to anti-tuberculosis drugs was detected by using a rapid resazurin microtitre assay as well as a traditional agar dilution method. Notably, the wecA knockdown strain was more sensitive to rifampin, compared with the wecA normal-expression strain. In addition, the sensitivity of wild type Myco. smegmatis mc(2) 155 strain against rifampin was also enhanced in the presence of a low concentration of tunicamycin, a natural WecA inhibitor.. Down-regulation of WecA enhanced the sensitivity of Myco. smegmatis against rifampin.. These results provided a possibility of combined application of rifampin together with tunicamycin or other WecA inhibitors, which could be a new approach for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Topics: Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Down-Regulation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups); Tuberculosis

The WHO MDT regimens have proved highly successful in preventing relapse of leprosy cases. It has indirectly lad to marked reduction in prevalence of disabilities. For PB leprosy, rifampicin 600 mg monthly and 100 mg dapsone daily for a total of 6 months therapy is required. For MB leprosy clofazimine 300 mg once monthly, supervised and 50 mg daily self administered is added. For single skin lesion the current WHO recommendation is 600 mg rifampicin + 400 mg ofloxacin + 100 mg minocycline given as a single dose for adults. Dose adjustment for children and clinical information have been discussed in a nutshell. A number of trials are going on, some are yet to be completed which do offer the prospect of perhaps simplifying therapy and improving with shorter duration.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypersensitivity; India; Leprosy; Minocycline; Nausea; Ofloxacin; Rifampin; Secondary Prevention; Tuberculosis; World Health Organization

Topics: Cryoglobulins; Erythema; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Purpura; Rifampin; Skin; Skin Diseases; Syndrome; Vascular Diseases