rifampin and Hepatitis-A

Topics: Carrier State; Dactinomycin; Daunorubicin; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Rifampin; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chick Embryo; Chlamydiaceae; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; DNA Viruses; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Keratitis, Dendritic; Meningitis, Viral; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Rabbits; Recurrence; Rickettsia Infections; Rifampin; RNA Viruses; Sulfonamides; Trachoma; Virus Diseases

Hepatocellular injury has been reported commonly in adults on rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment. However, there are limited data in children.. Two pharmacokinetic studies of children (0-17 years) routinely treated for RR/MDR-TB were conducted in Cape Town, South Africa between October 2011 and February 2020. Hepatocellular injury adverse events (AEs; defined as elevated alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) were documented serially. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence, etiology, risk factors, management and outcome of ALT elevation.. A total of 217 children, median age 3.6 years (interquartile range, 1.7-7.1 years) at enrollment were included. The median follow-up time was 14.0 months (interquartile range, 9.8-17.2 months). Fifty-five (25.3%) patients developed an ALT AE. Of these, 43 of 55 (78%) patients had 54 ALT AEs attributed to their RR/MDR-TB treatment. The incidence rate of ALT AEs related to RR-TB treatment was 22.4 per 100 person-years. Positive HIV status and having an elevated ALT at enrollment were associated with time to ALT AE attributed to RR/MDR-TB treatment, with P values 0.0427 and P < 0.0001, respectively. Hepatitis A IgM was positive in 11 of 14 (78.6%) severe (grade ≥3) cases of ALT AEs. In 8 of 14 (57%) severe ALT AEs, hepatotoxic drugs were stopped or temporarily interrupted. None had a fatal or unresolved outcome.. Hepatocellular injury in children on RR/MDR-TB treatment is common, although usually mild; having elevated ALT early in treatment and HIV-positive status are possible risk factors. Hepatitis A was a common etiology of severe ALT AE in children treated for RR/MDR-TB.

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Child; Child, Preschool; Hepatitis A; Humans; Incidence; Liver Neoplasms; Rifampin; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

Serologic markers for hepatitis viruses were studied in 40 children who developed acute hepatitis during antituberculosis therapy with rifampin and isoniazid, with the aim of assessing the contributory role of these viruses toward producing hepatic injury. Hepatitis A and B were confirmed in 7.5 and 35% patients, respectively, by IgM antibodies. Epidemiologic evidence suggested the possibility of non-A, non-B hepatitis in at least a few of the remaining 23 children. Hepatitis B was seen more often in children with severe tubercular disease (72%) and was largely (92.8%) parenterally transmitted. The study highlights that the endemicity of viral hepatitis in developing countries, among other factors, could also be responsible for the reported higher incidence of hepatotoxicity from developing countries and also for the increased risk of hepatotoxicity seen in severe tubercular disease.

Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Infant; Isoniazid; Liver; Male; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Antitubercular Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Hepatitis A; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Jaundice; Liver Diseases; Pruritus; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

Topics: Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Tolerance; Female; Hepatitis A; Humans; Isoniazid; Jaundice; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Drug Combinations; Drug Tolerance; Ethambutol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis A; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Rifampin; Spondylitis; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adult; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Rifampin

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atrophy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Hepatitis A; Humans; Jaundice; Liver; Male; Rifampin; Transaminases; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Biopsy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diagnosis, Differential; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Liver; Rifampin